英语中的否定转移
2015-11-25赵际红
赵际红
否定转移在英语中屡见不鲜,为帮助同学们理解和翻译,现将常见的用法归纳如下:
一、主从复合句中的否定转移
1. 否定宾语从句的谓语转为否定主句的谓语。当主句中的谓语动词think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, assume (假定), reckon (估计), fancy (料想)等后跟宾语从句时,常把否定宾语从句的谓语动词的not转移到否定主句的谓语动词上。例如:
I dont believe he knows it.
我认为他不知道这件事。
I dont suppose hell come to the party.
我猜他不会来参加聚会。
2. 否定状语从句转为否定主句。例如:
The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
那座山之所以有价值并非因为它高。
The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished.
发动机并非因为燃料用完了而停止转动。
二、同位语从句中的否定转移
在含有同位语从句的复合句中,如果主句中被否定的词是hope, opinion, view, thought,
wish等,通常转为否定同位语从句的谓语。例如:
It is not my opinion that his contribution to the revolutionary cause can be overestimated.
= It is my opinion that his contribution to the revolutionary cause can not be overestimated.
我的看法是他对革命事业的贡献怎么估计也不过分。
(cannot... over do与cannot... too + adj./ adv.都是形式否定而意义肯定的固定句式,意为:怎么……也不过分,越……越……)
It is not his thought that you should buy that car at all.
= It is his thought that you should not buy that car at all.
他认为你完全没必要买那辆车。
三、词类方面的否定转移
1. 否定谓语转为否定主语。例如:
No news comes. 没有听到任何消息。
2. 否定动词不定式转为否定谓语。例如:
We eat to live, but we dont live to eat.
我们吃饭是为了活着,但是我们活着不是为了吃饭。
3. 否定谓语转为否定宾语。例如:
He listened carefully, but could hear nothing.
他仔细听,可是什么也没有听到。
4. 否定介词短语转为否定谓语。例如:
We dont read this novel for amusement.
我们读这篇小说不是为了消遣。
5. 否定宾语补足语转为否定谓语。例如:
I dont think the problem difficult.
我认为这个问题不难。
6. 在某些否定句中,否定不定代词或形容词(every, each, all, both)转为否定谓语,这就是所谓的部分否定。例如:
Everybody can not get there on time. = Not everybody can get there on time.
并不是每一个人都能按时到达那里。
Both of them are not from English. = Not both of them are from English.
他们两个并非都是英格兰人。(他们两个人中只有一个是英格兰人)
从以上数例可以看出,英语汉译或表达否定时不能生硬地对号入座,要注意英语中的否定转移,只有这样才能正确地理解作者的意图,地道地表达我们的意思。endprint