比纳塞特安养中心，特隆赫姆，挪威

建筑设计：挪威顾问集团索利姆建筑事务所

比纳塞特安养中心，特隆赫姆，挪威

Byneset Health and Welfare Center，Trondheim，Norway，2003

建筑设计：挪威顾问集团索利姆建筑事务所

Architects: Norconsult Solem Arkitektur

1 总平面/Site plan

这个项目在1999年举行设计竞赛，2003年竣工。特隆赫姆住房互助学会与特隆赫姆市地方政府合作，为年龄不同、需求不同的老年人提供公寓和护理院。

·16间中老年公寓。停车场在地下室。公寓为双床间，每间约75m2。作为独立的建筑单元，与服务中心和护理院并不相连，但在必要的地方靠近家庭护理服务。因此有安全感，不会觉得是住在养老院。

·30间老年公寓。所有公寓都与活动服务中心相连。需要长期护理的老人可以通过室内通信获得家庭护理中心或护理院的24小时援助。公寓面积约54m2。

·活动服务中心。这座建筑还有家庭护理服务中心、训练用厨房、行政办公室及餐厅。餐厅和活动室是对外开放的。活动室可用于多种社交活动，如会议、游戏、生日聚会等。中间区还有壁炉，折叠墙打开后可举行圣诞节聚会等大型活动，屋顶的高度足以立起一棵大的圣诞树。这是挪威的传统。

·带24个单床间的护理院。此外还有6间老年痴呆患者公寓，它们相互靠近，但与护理院的其他部分是分开的。6间卧室一组，共用一个起居室。每组都有独立的厨房，但各组厨房两两靠近。这就减少了所需护工的数量。

室内外的联系在设计中是十分重要的。建筑位于斯庞达尔村优美的乡村环境中，坐落在村中心和高尔夫球场之间。老年痴呆患者往往都很需要通过体育锻炼来避免焦躁和好斗情绪。这可以代替会引发许多不良副作用的药物治疗。在本项目中，住户确确实实有机会到户外去，而且是依靠他们自己。

作为建筑师，我们很荣幸能与发起人共同承担这个项目。（尚晋 译）

2.3 外景/Exterior views

4 外景/Exterior views

Organized by a local building society （TOBB ）in cooperation with local authorities （Trondheim kommune），the project provides flats and a nursing home for elderly people of different ages and with different needs. The design competition was held in 1999，and the building was completed in 2003.

The project consists of 16 flats for senior citizens，30 flats for elderly people，an activity-service center and a nursing home. Each senior flat measures 75m2，has two bedrooms and a garage in the basement. Built as separate units，they are not physically linked to the service center and nursing home，but are conveniently situated in adjacent to homecare services. Therefore the residents can have a sense of security without the feeling of living at a nursing home.

The 30 flats for elderly people are physically linked to the activity-service center. Those who need assistance on a regular basis can get 24-hour assistance from the homecare center or the nursing home through indoor communication. Each of these flats measures roughly 54m2.

The activity-service center contains homecare services，kitchen for training purposes，administration offices and cafeteria. The cafeteria and activity rooms are open to the public. The latter can be used for various social activities such as meetings，games，birthday parties，etc. Foldable walls can open up the central area for large gatherings such as Christmas celebration，with a fireplace and a high roof to accommodate a large Christmas tree following the Norwegian tradition.

The nursing home has 24 single bedrooms. In addition there are 6 flats for patients with dementia，situated close to one another but separate from the rest of the nursing home. Bedrooms are situated in groups of 6，each having a shared living room and a separate kitchen. Within each group，every two bedrooms are placed next to each other，thus reducing the number of staff needed.

The connection between the interior and the exterior plays an important part of the design. The project is situated in beautiful rural surroundings at Spongdal，between the village center and a golf course. Patients with dementia have often a great need for physical exercise to avoid restlessness and aggression. This can often substitute the medication that has many unwanted side effects. In this project，the users have been given a real chance to conduct outdoor activities even on their own.

As architects we are proud to have contributed to the project together with the initiators.

5-7 外景/Exterior views

8 内景/Interior view

评论

周燕珉：设施在设计时能够充分利用周边优越的自然环境，使建筑与场地环境很好地融合在一起。外部庭院中的动物角和植物角，也成为老人接触自然、放松身心的佳地。在公共区域的处理上，特别注重空间的流通性，门厅、餐厅与休息厅相互衔接且不完全隔离，形成通透、开敞而富有生气的场所。在参观中感觉到工作人员的独立办公空间并不多，询问后得知是因为工作人员大多时间都会与老人们待在一起，设施管理者也鼓励他们多与老人交流。这种管理模式对空间设计产生的影响也带给我很大启发。

9 老年公寓首层平面局部/Floor 0 plan （partial），flats for elderly people

龚恺：我曾经访问过欧洲的数个老人中心，因此对这个设计的理念并不陌生。在这类建筑设计中，对“公共”部分的思考要远甚于“私密”部分。这种“公共”，不仅是指餐厅、护理、办公等一般认为人流集中的部分，更多的是那些日常生活中随时随地可以给一部分老人用来闲聊发呆的地方。令我感动的是，这个设计在单身老人的单元中，用6间围合成一个公共起居室的做法，在造访中我曾看到几个老人围坐在一起，没有太多的言语，静静打发漫长的下午时光。

Comments

ZHOU Yanmin: The design makes the best of the site's favorable natural environment，integrating the building with its surroundings. The flora and fauna corners in the exterior courtyard also become a nice place for elderly people to expose to nature and to relax. In the treatment of public areas，particular emphasis is given to spatial mobility: without being completely separated from the rest of the building complex，the entrance hall，canteen and lounge are interconnected so as to create an open，lively setting. During the visit，I felt that there is not much independent office space for the staff； after some inquires，I was told that this is because the facility managers encourage them to communicate with elderly people，so they spend a lot of time together. For me the kind of effect that management pattern has on spatial design is quite inspiring.

10.11 活动服务中心内景/Interior views，activity and service center12 内景/Interior view

GONG Kai: Since I have visited several elderly-care centers in Europe，the design concept of this project does not seem unfamiliar to me. In this type of architectural designs，there are far greater concerns for the "public" areas than for the "private" areas. Here "public" does not merely refer to the canteen，nursing rooms and offices that are commonly regarded as population-concentrated areas，but rather refers to places where elderly people may chat and idle whenever they like during their daily life. I am very touched to see the way every six rooms are arranged around a common living room in the design for single units. During my visit I saw several old people sitting around together，quietly passing the long afternoon with minimum exchange of words.

项目信息/Credits and data

项目建筑师/Project Architect: Sivilarkitekt MNAL Erik Vestgaard景观建筑师/Landscape Architect: Nina Wang Bjørsvik

单方造价/Cost: Approx. 27，000 NOK/m2

面积/Area: Approx. 10，000m2

设计时间/Design Period: 1999-2003

摄影/Photos: Erling Skakkes/Norconsult Solem Arkitektur