响应曲面法优化酸/盐催化玉米芯产糖的工艺
2015-08-15姜玉柳龚晓武呼肖娜周娜
姜玉柳,龚晓武,呼肖娜,周娜
(石河子大学化学化工学院/新疆兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室,石河子 832003)
我国是农业大国,玉米是三大粮食作物之一。据统计,每年玉米总产量在1.1-1.3亿t,可以副产玉米芯约0.4亿t左右[1]。目前,绝大部分玉米芯被作为农家燃料烧掉,造成很大浪费。玉米芯中的主要成分包括纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等,其中纤维素和半纤维素的含量约占70%-80%。纤维素和半纤
由图5可以看出:(1)玉米芯原料的表面较为光滑,纹理清晰可见,纤维素束紧密排列在一起,无定形的半纤维素镶嵌在其中(图5a)。(2)在H2SO4/Fe2(SO4)3中水解后,无定形的半纤维素基本消失,纤维素的结构也受到破坏,原有整齐、紧密的长链结构被打乱、切断,结构变得松散,表面还出现了一些小孔(图5b)。表明通过在H2SO4/Fe2(SO4)3中的预处理,可以将大部分半纤维素和纤维素水解生成可发酵糖。
3 结论
(1)单独采用H2SO4或Fe2(SO4)3催化玉米芯水解产糖时,总糖产率均低于40%;而将H2SO4、Fe2(SO4)3混合后催化玉米芯水解时,两者交互作用显著,总糖产率高于在2种单催化剂中水解的总糖产率之和。
(2)建立了 H2SO4浓度、Fe2(SO4)3浓度、反应温度和反应时间影响总糖产率的数学模型,得到H2SO4/Fe2(SO4)3催化玉米芯水解的最佳工艺条件为:H2SO4浓度为 0.7 mol/L,Fe2(SO4)3浓度为 2.0 mol/L,反应温度为150℃,时间为47 min,总糖产率最高,为79.98%。另外,验证实验结果与模型方程的预测值非常接近,表明预测模型在本实验的研究范围内合理、有效。
(3)上述结论为玉米芯的高值化利用提供应用研究的依据。
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