高中学生实用定语从句要点总汇

●陈琴兰

本文就高中学生在学习定语从句时常遇到的一些障碍，做出一个相对完整的要点解释，旨在更好的帮助学生理解定语从句的重难点。

1.定语从句的主要规则

(1)定语从句中关系词作宾语指物，用that或者which或者省略。例如：

The book that you want is here.

(2)定语从句中关系词作宾语指人，用whom或者that或者省略。例如：The man whom you are looking for is there.

(3)定语从句中关系词作主语指物，用that或者 which。例如：The book that tells us the story is on the desk.

(4)定语从句中关系词作主语指人，用who或者that。例如：The man who told me the news is there.

(5)定语从句中关系词作定语指人或物，用whose。例如：

The book whose cover is torn tells us an instructive story.

(6)that与which的区别：当先行词被最高级、序数词、the only、the very、the last、不定代词、数词等修饰时，或者先行词本身为不定代词、数词时，不用which；在介词后或者逗号后不用 that。例如：This is the best book that I have ever read.

(7)that与who/whom的区别：当先行词为one、ones、those等词时，若先行词指代物则用that；若先行词指代人则用who/whom。例如：Those that taste sweet sell well.

(8)as的两种用法：一是用在the same...as...、such...as...、as...as...、so...as... 等句型中，二是用在非限制性定语从句中（此时as引导的定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，或者将as定语从句放在句首），此时先行词为整个主句，as代替整个主句的情况。在这两种as定从中，as均必须充当定语从句中的主语或者宾语。例如：This is the same book as you are using.

(9)当先行词为时间、地点、原因（the reason），且关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，分别用when、where、why引导定语从句。例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Young Pioneer.

(10)当关系词充当定语从句中某个介词宾语，介词也可以提前到关系词前面，构成“介词+关系代词。例如：The room in which we are learning is loved by us all.

2.定语从句的次要要点

(1)whose与of which或者of whom的互换情况：当定语从句的关系词着重表达隶属关系时，用whose、of which或者of whom都对。例如：The book whose cover is torn tells us an instructive story.=The book the cover of which is torn tells us an instructive story.

(2)关系代词作定语从句主语时，谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。例如：I,who am a teacher,will try my best to improve your English.

(3)先行词为“one of+复数名词”结构时，先行词一般看成复数名词，关系词也看成复数；当one前面有 the、the only、the very 等修饰时，先行词看成one，关系词也看成单数。例如：She is one of the students who have been praised.

(4)先行词和定语从句之间可能会被一些作定语或者状语的成分（例如副词、介词短语、从句）隔开。定语从句中也可能存在I think、you think、I believe、you believe、I suppose、you suppose等插入语。例如：You can find the student who will take part in the sports meet.

(5)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句如果省略则主句意思不完整、不准确；非限制性定语从句只起描绘性作用，如果省略，对主句的意思没有重大影响。另外，专有名词（人名、地名）后一般只能用非限制性定语从句。例如：She has a son who is working in the government.

此句表明“她有一个在政府工作的儿子”，她有可能有一个儿子也有可能有几个儿子，但“至少有一个在政府工作的儿子”；如果在son后加上逗号（She has a son,who is working in the government.），则表明她“只有一个儿子”。

(6)“介词 +关系代词 +动词不定式”可以代替定语从句，例如：She has ten dollars with which to buy a present for her husband.