浅谈must的其他用法

赵洪涛

摘 要：本文归纳了must的其他用法，并说明了must应注意的问题。

关键词：must；高考真题

中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1002-7661（2015）05-373-01

一、引入问题。

在做冠词、名词专题练习时，笔者遇到这样一道选择题：

The dictionary is____ must for the student of _______English.

A. the； the B.a；a C. a；/ D. the；/

大部分学生认为是D，其原因 for the student of _____English是修饰must作定语，表示特指，所以应该用冠定词。笔者查阅了相关资料，发现must作为名词前一定是用不定冠词。

梁实秋《远东英汉大辞典》（P1370）解释：n.必须做（必须看、必须听）的事。

eg 1） Her singing was a Sunday night must for millions of radio listeners.

2） The new show at the international theatre this week is an absolute must.

陆谷孙《英汉大词典》下卷 eg. 1） Warm clothes are a must in the mountains .

2）The return of the occupied land is a must. 张道真《现代英语用法词典》（P2782）1）Green's new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction .

2） A dinner jacket is a must here.

另外，在1996年高考题中曾出现过这样的句子：Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. （2010高考预测卷） To this end， an all-round， balanced and effective reform of the international system is thus __ must to prevent ___ future repeat. A. the； the B. a； the C. a； a D. the； a 此题答案是C，句意是：因此为了防止以后的重复，对国际体系进行全面、平衡、有效的改革是必须之事。

二、must的基本用法

1）must通常表示必须（suggest a command or an obligation） 必然、肯定的推测（a logical conclusion， a strong likelihood）.强调义务，其否定式用needn't或don't have to表示。这是最基本的用法，2011年英语高考中共有四道单选题。

（2011，全国Ⅱ）If you ____ smoke， please go outside.

A. can B. should C. must D. may 答案：C

（2011，辽宁）If you ____ go， at least wait until the storm is over.

A. can B. may C. must D. will 答案：C

（2011，福建）----Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？

----I am afraid you ____， in case he comes late for the meeting.

A. will B. must C. may D. can 答案：B

（2011，福建）---- My teacher says she's canceling the class play， I just

can't understand.

---- ____. You were looking forward to it.

A. It doesn't matter B. It's very unwise of her

C. Don't worry about it D.You must be disappointed 答案：D

（2008，陕西）----What sort of house do you want to have？ Something big？

---- Well， it____ be big—that is not important.

A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.won't 答案：B

（2007，重庆）----What do you think we can do for our aged parents？

---- You ____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

A.don't have to B.oughtn't to C.mustn't D.can't 答案： A

2）否定式mustn't表示“禁止”，强调不许，可它实际上是情态动词may（可以）的否定式，通常译为“不要”、“不可能”。 eg. You mustn't forget to lock

the door.

（2010，陕西）----May I take this book out of the reading room？

---- No， you____. You read it in here.

A.mightn't B.won't C.needn't D.mustn't 答案：D

（2010，重庆） You _____ park here！ It's an emergency exit.

A.wouldn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.mustn't 答案：D

（2006，天津） We _____ have proved great adventures， but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.

A. needn't B.may not C.shouldn't D.mustn't 答案：B

（2008，福建质检Ⅰ）“You ____ smoke in the bedroom.”Rose said to her husband

and pushed him out of the room.

A. needn't B.mustn't C.dare not D.won't 答案：B

3）must后面接进行式的动词，表示“马上就要进行”的动作。动词进行式与always， continually， constantly， forever等表示“经常”的状语连用，表示反复发生的动作，而且带有赞扬或责备的感情色彩。 eg. You mustn't be talking so much. 你不该讲这么多话。表示对反复饶舌的责备的感情。

最后，must还有些用法也值得我们关注。如作形容词，意思是“必要的，必不可少的，极其重要的”。

eg.① Let the other work go， this is a must job.

② This is a must book for your reading.

③ a must book for the student of aerodynamic

参考文献：

[1] 崔平丽 5年高考3年模拟 2011版 高考英语新课标专用

[2] 梁实秋《远东英汉大辞典》

[3] 张道真《现代英语用法词典》

[3] 陆谷孙《英汉大词典》