how式句型考点展播

郝昌明

在初中英语里，how可引导特殊疑问句、宾语从句和感叹句，也可与不定式连用，还可用于一些习惯表达的句式之中。这些句式表达效果好，使用频率高，成为中考试题最为走俏的句式考点。本文结合近几年各地中考英语试题介绍how的热点句型。

一、how引导特殊疑问句

how可做特殊疑问词，引导特殊疑问句，意为“如何、怎样”，用来询问做事方式或手段。

做特殊疑问词时how也可以短语的形式出现引导特殊疑问句，此时它意为“多么”。这样的短语常见的有how often，how long，how soon，how far，how many，how much，how old等。其中，how often，how long与how soon在中考试题中出现频率很高。

1. how often意为“多久一次”，询问动作发生的频率，回答时常用“every +基数词+复数名词”，表示“每（隔）……”。

【真题1】（2014年苏州卷） — do you go to the sports club？

—At least once a week.

A. How long B. How often

C. How muchD. How far

解析：B。由“At least once a week.”可以判断，上一句询问频率，因此应填How often引导特殊疑问句。

【真题2】（2014年无锡卷） — is the World Cup held？

—Every 4 years.

A. How soonB. How often

C. WhenD. Where

解析：B。由答语可判断出上一句询问频率，因此应填How often引导特殊疑问句。

【真题3】（2014年盐城卷） — does Nancy help the old lady with her housework？

—About twice a week.

A. How oftenB. How long

C. How muchD. How soon

解析：A。由答语可判断出上一句询问频率，因此应由How often引导特殊疑问句。

2. how long意为“多久、多长”，既可询问动作或状态持续的时间，也可询问物体长度。how long用于询问时间时，常用“for +时间段”或“since +时间点”来作答。

【真题1】（2014年宿迁卷） — have you lived in Suqian， Jane？

—For about 16 years.

A. How manyB. How much

C. How longD. How often

解析：C。由“For about 16 years.”可推断出，空格处表示“多久”，因此应填How long引导特殊疑问句。

【真题2】（2014年连云港卷） — will the fog and haze last？

—Ive no idea. There is no sign of an end.

A. How soonB. How far

C. How longD. How often

解析：C。由last和“There is no sign of an end.” 可推断出，空格处表示“多长时间”，因此应填How long。

【真题3】（2014年厦门卷） — does it take from our school to the farm by bus？

—About one hour and a half.

A. How farB. How long

C. How often

解析：B。由答语可知，上一句问的是“乘公共汽车从我们学习到农场，需要花费多长时间？”，因此应填How long。

3. how soon意为“要过多久”，询问某事要过多长时间才能完成或某人要过多长时间才能完成某事，常用in表示的未来时间作答。

【真题1】（2014年上海卷） — can you finish the report on food safety？

—In two days.

A. How farB. How much

C. How oftenD. How soon

解析：D。由“In two days.”可以推出上一句问的是“你还要多久才能完成有关食品安全的报告？”，因此应填How soon。

【真题2】（2014年宁波卷） — will the dinner be ready？

—Just a minute.

A. How muchB. How long

C. How soonD. How often

解析：C。由“Just a minute.”可以推出，空格处表示“要过多久”，因此应填How soon。

【真题3】（2013年安徽卷） — can you finish this English examination？

—In about one and a half hours.

A. How farB. How often

C. How soonD. How longendprint

解析：C。由“In about one and a half hours.”可以推出，空格处表示“要过多久”，因此应填How soon。

4. how far意为“多远”，询问距离。

【真题】（2014年青岛卷） — is it from your home to school？

—Its three miles.

A. How farB. How long

C. How bigD. How high

解析：A。由from your home to school和“Its three miles.”可以推出，空格处表示“多远”，因此应填How far。

5. how much意为“多少”，可修饰或指代不可数名词。

【真题1】（2012年北京卷） — is the dictionary？

—Its $ 22.95.

A. How oldB. How long

C. How thickD. How much

解析：D。上一句问的是“这本词典多少钱？”，因此应填How much。

【真题2】（2012年河北卷） — did you pay for the CD？

—Only nine dollars.

A. How manyB. How much

C. How longD. How often

解析：B。上一句问的是“这张CD多少钱”，因此应填How much。

6. how many意为“多少”，可修饰或指代复数可数名词。

【真题】（2014年北京卷） — people are there in your family？

—Three.

A. How oftenB. How long

C. How manyD. How much

解析：C。由“Three.”可以推出空格处表示“多少”，因其修饰可数名词people，因此应填How many。

二、how引导宾语从句

how既可做连词独自引导宾语从句（此时意为“如何、怎样”），也可构成短语引导宾语从句（此时意为“多……”）。how及其短语引导的宾语从句均应使用陈述语序。

【真题】（2014年南京卷） —David， could you tell me ？

—Every four years.

A. when the 2014 World Cupwill finish

B. how often the World Cup takes place

C. how many teams take part in the World Cup

D. who may score the most goals inthe 2014 World Cup

解析：B。由“Every four years.”可以推出，空格处询问“频率”，因此宾语从句应由how often引导。

三、“how +不定式”

“how +不定式”在句中可做主语、宾语或表语，表示“如何……”，具有名词功能。

【真题1】（2011年兰州卷） We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ？

A. how to doB. what to do it

C. how to do itD. what should to do

解析：C。由语境逻辑可以推出，空格处表示“如何做这道物理题”，所以应用how to do it做宾语。

【真题2】（2011年北京卷） —Excuse me， could you tell me how to Beijing Zoo？

—Well， you may take Bus No. 27.

A. getB. gets

C. gettingD. to get

解析：D。答语“Well， you may take Bus No. 27.”暗示，空格处表示“（如何）到达”，所以应填to get。

四、how引导感叹句

how可做感叹词，引导两种感叹句：① “How +原级形容词或副词+主语+谓语+！”；②“How +形容词+a / an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语+！”。

【真题1】（2014年南京卷） — brave Zhang Hua is！

—Yes. He helped his neighbour， Mrs Sun， out of the fire.

A. What aB. How

C. How aD. What

解析：B。空格处表示“多么”，修饰形容词brave，因此应填How引导感叹句。

【真题2】（2013年广东卷） Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. excellent he is！

A. HowB. What

C. What aD. What an

解析：A。空格处表示“多么”，修饰形容词excellent，因此应填How引导感叹句。

【真题3】（2013年长沙卷） clever the boy is！endprint

A. HowB. What

C. What a

解析：A。空格处表示“多么”，修饰形容词clever，因此应填How引导感叹句。

五、how用于习惯表达中

how常用于一些习惯表达的句式中，请看下表：

how的习惯表达句式含义

How are you？你身体好吗？

How do you find / like …？ 你认为……怎么样？

How do you think about …？ 你认为……怎么样？

How about doing sth.？ 你认为……怎么样？

No matter how … 无论多么……

How come？怎么可能发生这样的事？

【真题1】（2014年南京卷） —The documentary A Bite of China II is quite popular around China recently. How do you like it？

—.

A. I think soB. Pretty good

C. Its my pleasureD. All right

解析：B。“How do you like it？”意为“你认为它怎么样？”，因此应用评价性语言作答。

【真题2】（2014年南通卷） —How do you like your school life？

—.

A. Its a famous school

B. Its very colorful

C. Id like to study there

D. I like my school

解析：B。问句意为“你认为你的学校生活怎么样？”，因此答句应对学校生活进行评价。

巩固性练习：

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.— will you go to visit your grandfather who lives in a mountain village？

—By train.

A. WhatB. How

C. WhenD. Which

2.— do you visit the park in your town？

—Every three months.

A. How soonB. How long

C. How oftenD. How old

3.— will you begin to learn how to drive a car？

—In about half a year.

A. How oftenB. How long

C. How farD. How soon

4.— will your parents stay with you this time？

—For a few days.

A. How longB. How soon

C. How oftenD. How old

5.—How do you like your visit to the old town？

—.

A. Very interesting

B. I like the town very much

C. Its a famous town

D. I like to stay there

6.—How do you find the new zoo in your city？

—.

A. By busB. On foot

C. By chanceD. Very modern

7. I wonder you worked out the difficult problem in such a short time.

A. whatB. how

C. whyD. which

8.— is your factory from here？

—About five minutes walk.

A. How longB. How many

C. How muchD. How far

9.— do you love your girl friend？

—I cant live without her.

A. How manyB. How much

C. How oldD. How far

10.— was your grandfather when he died suddenly？

—Eightyfive.

A. HowmanyB. How old

C. How farD. How much

11.—Can you tell me you have an English class？

—Every day.

A. how soonB. how long

C. how oftenD. how farendprint

12.— workers are there in your company now？

—About 3，000 workers work in it.

A. How muchB. How many

C. How oftenD. How soon

13. wonderful the film is！ Many people have seen it twice.

A. WhatB. How

C. WhichD. That

14. This problem is reallydifficult and I dont know to work it out.

A. howB. what

C. whichD. where

15. heavily it is raining！ You had better not go out.

A. WhatB. How

C. ThatD. Which

16. do you think about swimming in a river？ It is so hot！

A. HowB. What

C. WhichD. Why

17. No mater difficult this problem may be， I will try to work it out in the shortest time.

A. whatB. which

C. howD. that

18.— is your grandmother？

—She is well. Thank you very much.

A. HowB. What

C. WhoD. Which

19. Tom， would you like to help me to find out to protect these young trees？

A. whatB. how

C. whichD. that

20. HowI want to know my parents can come back from America！

A. how soonB. how long

C. how farD. how much

21. difficult a problem it is！ I just cant work it out.

A. WhatB. How

C. ThatD. Which

22.— do you go to the library to borrow books？

—Every three weeks.

A. How soonB. How long

C. How manyD. How often

23.— is the bridge in your hometown？

—About 8，000 meters.

A. How longB. How far

C. How manyD. How much

24.— can we live such kind of life？

—Soon.

A. How oftenB. How long

C. How soonD. How far

25.— does this shirt cost？

—If you buy two， I will give you a low price.

A. How manyB. How much

C. How farD. How deep

26. At that time，I just didnt know to tell my motherinlaw the terrible news.

A. whatB. which

C. howD. whom

27. fast the car is running！ It is dangerous.

A. WhatB. How

C. WhichD. That

28. —Sorry， I have left my schoolbag at home.

— come？

A. HowB. What

C. WhichD. Why

29.— will you watch the football match if you cant buy a ticket to it？

—I can climb a tree to watch it.

A. WhatB. Which

C. HowD. Why

30.—How often do you have an English exam？

—.

A. Very soonB. Three weeks

C. In a monthD. Every month

Key：

1～5 BCDAA 6～10 DBDBB

11～15 CBBAB 16～20 ACABA

21～25 BDACB 26～30 CBACDendprint