中考倒装句分类解读
2015-07-13刘红
刘红
倒装是英语中一种常见的语法现象,可以分为全部倒装和部分倒装。英语中的倒装句有很多类型,但是中考试题中涉及的主要是so和neither (/ nor) 引导的倒装句。
一、“so+功能词+主语”构成的倒装句
由“so + 功能词 + 主语”构成的倒装句,表示“这个情况同样适用另外一个人,即“A怎么样,B也怎么样”。所以这样的句型必须具备两个条件:上句必须为肯定句;该主语与上句主语不一致。
注意:这里所说的功能词指be动词、助动词及情态动词。
请看下面的例子:
① —Mike is from America. 迈克来自美国。
—So is Mary. 玛丽也是。
② —My father works in a hospital. 我爸爸在医院上班。
—So does my father. 我爸爸也是。
③ —Jim can speak French well. 吉姆会讲法语。
—So can Alan.艾伦也会。
④ —I will spend my vacation in the countryside. 我将要去乡下度假。
—So will I. 我也要去。
⑤ —I have seen just the movie The Continent which was made by Han Han. 我刚刚看了韩寒的电影《后会无期》
—So have I. 我也刚看过。
链接中考:
1.(2014年黄石卷) —Sorry sir, I have made so many mistakes in this paper.
—Its OK. . This paper is very difficult.
A. So have other students
B. So do other students
C. Neither do other students
D. Neither have other students
2.(2014年平凉卷) —Has your mother ever been to London?
—Yes, and . We went together.
A. so have I B. so I have
C. neither have ID. neither I have
答案解析:
1.句意为:——很抱歉先生,我在这张试卷上犯了很多错误。——没关系的。其他同学也是这样。这张试卷太难了。因为上句的助动词是have,且符合“A怎么样,B也怎么样”这种结构,所以答案应该是A。
2.本题比第一题多转了一个弯,先要把上边的一般疑问句变成肯定的陈述句“My mother has ever been to London.”,然后再补充说明“我也去过”。这就和第一题的形式一样了。故选A。
二、“neither / nor+功能词+主语”构成的倒装句
neither / nor 所引导的倒装句,和so引导的倒装句的结构和用法一样,其构成是“neither / nor + 功能词 + 主语”。它们的唯一区别就是:so表示肯定;neither表示否定。所以该句型也必须具备两个条件:
1.上句必须为否定句;
2.该句主语与上句主语不一致。
当然,这里的功能词也是指be动词、助动词及情态动词。
请看下面的例子:
① —Her mother wasnt at home yesterday. 她妈妈昨天没有在家。
—Neither was her father. 她爸爸也不在家。
② —Jim neednt come here so early tomorrow morning. 吉姆明天早上不必来这么早了。
—Neither need you. 你也不必了。
③ —I hadnt finished my homework by twelve oclock last night. 昨天晚上到12点我还没有完成作业。
—Neither had I. 我也没有完成。
④ —He wont take part in the sports meeting next week. 他将不会参加下周的运动会。
—Neither will Jack. 杰克也不会。
⑤ —I didnt have lunch today. 我今天没有吃午饭。
—Neither did I. 我也没吃。
链接中考:
1.(2014年宜宾卷) —Im not going swimming this afternoon.
—. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.
A. So am I B. So I am
C. Neither am ID. Neither I am
2.(2014年南充卷) —He hasnt seen that interesting film before.
—.
A. So have IB. Neither have I
C. Nor do ID. So do I
3.(2014年漳州卷) —Last night, I didnt watch the TV show, A Bite Of China 2.
— did I. I was preparing for todays test then.
A. SoB. Either
C. Neither
答案解析:
1.本题中的上句是否定句,所以首先选定neither来引导倒装句,可以排除A、B两项。再看上句的功能词是be动词的变换形式am,所以下句也应该用be动词;又因为下句的主语是I,所以也应该用am。但需要指出的是上下两句中的“I”并不是同一个人。又因空格所在句表达的意思是“我也不去(游泳)”,所以答案应该是C。
2.本题的第一个条件是上句为否定句,确定用neither或nor;第二个条件是上句的功能词是助动词have,确定下句功能词用have而不用do。故答案为B。
3.本题中上句的意思是“我昨晚没有看电视节目《舌尖上的中国2》”,题干是否定句,所以只能选neither。答案为C。
三、“so+主语+功能词”构成的强调型倒装句
在“so + 主语 + 功能词”句型里,只是把so放到主语的前边,功能词位于句末,所以这种句式被称为“半倒装句”。它的主要功能是表示说话者对上句所提到的情况或事实表示赞同或强调,其中so作“不错、确实如此”讲。该句型也必须具备两个条件:上句为肯定句;该主语与上句主语一致。
请看下边的例子:
① —The boy is so clever. 这个男孩真聪明。
—So he is. 他的确如此。
② —Mike is playing computer games again. 迈克又在玩电脑游戏。
—So he is. 的确如此。
③ —She can sing English songs very well. 她英语歌唱得很好。
—So she can. 确实如此。
④ —Wang Tao has ever been to America. 王涛曾经去过美国。
—So he has.他是去过。
⑤ —Your father will buy a new car. 你爸爸要买一辆新车。
—So he will. 他确实要买。
链接中考:
1.(2014年安顺卷) —Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday.
—.
A. So did heB. So he did
C. He did soD. Did so he
2.(2012年宜宾卷) —Peter has made great progress in math recently.
—, and so have you.
A. So he doesB. So he has
C. So has heD. So does he
答案解析:
1.本题上句的意思是“杰克昨天去看了那个住院的老人”,答语应该是“他的确去了”。因为上下两句的主语是同一个人“Jack”,所以应该用半倒装,即功能词放在主语的后边;另外,上句中并没有功能词,这时我们就要加上助动词,由于上句的谓语动词是went,所以答语应该用助动词did。故答案为B。
2.本题中出现了两个so引导的倒装句,一个是部分倒装,一个是全部倒装。答语中前半句应该是“他的确进步了”;下半句是“你也进步了”。答句中的主语he和上句的Peter是同一个人,故用部分倒装。再根据上句中的助动词have可以判断出下句也要用have / has,因为主语是he,所以只能用has。答案为B。
【实战演练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —The old man wouldnt stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
—. He would feel sick if he stayed at home for one day.
A. So would my grandpa
B. So wouldnt my grandpa
C. Neither would my grandpa
D. Nor did my grandpa
2. —My mother does a lot of housework before going to work, but she has never been late.
—.
A. So does my mother
B. Neither does my mother
C. Nor has my mother
D. So my mother has
3. —The water changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin.
— in Urumqi.
A. So is itB. So it does
C. So it isD. So does it
4. —Han Han is really a talented man.
—. He is a writer, a racing driver and a director.
A. So he isB. So is he
C. So he doesD. So does he
5. —I have never been to Hainan Island.
—. But I plan to go there next holiday.
A. So I haveB. So have I
C. Neither have ID. Neither I have
6. —Can your mother drive cars?
—Yes, . And so can my grandma.
A. neither can sheB. so she can
C. neither she canD. so can she
7. —Did you have a good time in the countryside?
—No, I didnt. And .
A. so didnt my sister
B. so did my sister
C. neither didnt my sister
D. neither did my sister
8. —Look! You hat is right on your head.
—Oh! . But I am looking for it everywhere.
A. So it isB. Neither it is
C. So is itD. Neither is it
9. —I will never come to this restaurantagain.
—. The food is really terrible.
A. Nor I willB. Nor will I
C. So I wontD. So wont I
10. —I wonder if you will go to Marys birthday party.
—If you go, .
A. so I willB. so I do
C. so will ID. so do I
Key:
1~5 CADAC 6~10 BDABC