学好特殊句式 提升运用能力

刘波

特殊句式是历年中考的必考点，由于句子结构清晰，便于表达，通常出现在单项选择、完成句子及书面表达等题目中。学好特殊句式，同学们可以尽量避免汉语式翻译，灵活自如地用英语来表达，轻松面对考题，也可为解答完成句子、书面表达等题目打下坚实基础。

一、it神通又广大

【考例1】（2014年荆州卷） Its a wise to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well.

A. agreement B. support

C. choiceD. condition

【简析】C。根据后半句可知，戴白色领带是一个很好的“选择”，故选C。

【考例2】（2014年随州卷） 它因为成功帮助那些无家可归的人重返正常生活而闻名。

It is famous its success in helping people return to a normal life.

【简析】for； homeless。 be famous for是固定搭配，意为“因……而闻名”；homeless people意思是“无家可归的人”。

知识链接：

1. It takes sb. some time / money to do sth.“某人花费时间或金钱去做某事”

2. Its time / turn （for sb.） to do sth.“某人该做某事了”

3. Its + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事怎样”

4. It seems to sb. that …“对某人来说，某事似乎、好像……”

二、There be句型

【考例1】 a pen and two rulers on the desk.

A. There isB. There are

C. They areD. There has

【简析】A。主要考查There be句型的就近原则，与be 最近的主语是单数名词，故选A。

【考例2】If it doesnt rain tomorrow， there a football match in our school.

A. isB. will

C. will beD. will is

【简析】C。根据条件状语从句规则：主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。

知识链接：

1.There be句型和have / has的区别：

There be句型表示“（某地）存在/有”；而have / has表示“（某人）拥有/所有”。两者不能同时使用。

2.There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果有两个或两个以上的名词做主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。例如：

There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.

There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.

3.注意There be各种时态的构成形式，我们在日常练习中经常出现相关错误，也是历年中考试题中的难点。例如：

There must be a pen in the box.

There happened to be some money in my pocket.

There is going to be a meeting tonight.

There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.

There used to be a church across from the bank.

三、“花费”花样多

【考例1】（2014 年广安卷） —I a lot of time playing computer games every day.

—Oh， boy. Its bad for your eyes.

A. spendB. take

C. pay

【简析】A。根据“sb. spend time / money （in） doing sth.”结构可知选A。

【考例2】（2014 年南充卷） —How much is your coat？

—Oh， it me 100 yuan.

A. costB. spent

C. paidD. took

【简析】A。it指代的是the coat，故选A。

知识链接：

spend，cost，take和pay是历年中考必考内容之一，它们都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。

1. spend的主语是人，其常用结构为：（1） sb. spend time / money on sth.“某人在某事物上花费时间或金钱”；（2） sb. spend time / money （in） doing sth.“某人花费时间或金钱做某事”；（3） sb. spend money for sth.“某人花钱买某事物”，通常出现在被动语态中。例如：

He spent three hours on this English problem.

The engineers spent two years （in） building this city.

Her money was spent for clothes.

2. cost的主语是物，通常表示某物值多少钱。

3. take表示“花费”时其主语为it，常用结构为：It takes / took sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花了某人多少时间”。例如：

It takes me two days to finish reading a book.

4. pay表示“花费”时常用结构为：sb. pay （money） for sth.“某人为某物付钱”。

四、“意愿表达”句式多

【考例1】（2014 年烟台卷） —Would you mind not noise？ Alice is sleeping.

—Sorry， I didnt know. I she was awake.

A. make； thinkB. making； thought

C. making； thinkD. make； thought

【简析】B。mind表示“介意”时，其后跟ving 形式做宾语；由语境可知，答语应该用一般过去时。

【考例2】（2014 年重庆A卷） —Would you like something to drink？

—. Im thirsty.

A. Yes， I canB. No， thanks

C. Yes， pleaseC. No， I dont like it

【简析】C。根据“Im thirty.”可知，前一句答语表示同意。

【考例3】The children the cartoons the documentaries.

A. prefer； to

B. would rather； than

C. like； better

D. like； more

【简析】A。prefer sth. to sth.是固定短语，句意为：比起纪录片，孩子们更喜欢看动画片”。

知识链接：

1.与prefer相关的句式

（1）prefer A to B 意为“比起B更喜欢A”。例如：

He prefers skating to climbing. 比起爬山，他更喜欢溜冰。

（2） prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“比起做……更喜欢做……”。例如：

Li Ming preferred to stay at home rather than go out in rain. 比起下雨天外出，李明宁愿呆在家里。

2.与would相关的句式

（1） would like 后面加具体的名词和代词，不接动名词。

（2） would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。

（3） would do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事”。例如：

I would be poor rather than get money by stealing.

（4） “Would you like to do sth.？” 用于委婉地询问他人的意愿，可以用于招呼客人或者请求帮助。

（5） “Would you mind doing sth.？” 也是一种委婉的询问方式。

五、so / such … that

【考例1】When the football fans saw Beckham， they got excited they cried out.

【简析】so； that。题中强调形容词excited，故用so … that 结构。

【考例2】They are lovely students the teacher likes them very much.

【简析】such； that。本题的着眼点是students，是名词，故用such … that结构。

知识链接：

so … that和such … that的意思均为“如此……以至于……”，都用来引导结果状语从句。其区别在于：so … that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such … that中的such为形容词，后面接名词（名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰）。

六、表示“建议”的句式

【考例1】（2014年杭州卷） —What about having a drink？

—.

A. Help yourselfB. Never mind

C. Youre rightD. Good idea

【简析】D。“What about …？”用于委婉地表达建议，后接名词，选项中只有D可以和问句相呼应。

【考例2】（2014年龙东卷） —You look too tired. Why not a rest？

—Sounds good.

A. stop havingB. to stop having

C. stop to have

【简析】C。“Why not …？”后要加动词原形，故排除B项；再根据句意可知，应该是“停下来做另外一件事情”，故用 stop to do sth.。

知识链接：

表示“建议”的常考句式：

1. had better （not） do sth.“最好（不）做某事”

2. How / What about doing sth.？“做某事怎么样？”

3. I think you should do sth.“我认为你应该做某事”

4. If I were you， I would do sth.“我要是你的话，我会做某事”

5. Its best to do sth.“最好做某事”

6. Lets do sth.“让我们做某事”

7. Why dont you / Why not do sth.？“为什么不做某事？”

七、“祈使句+ and / or …”句型

【考例1】（2014年遵义卷） Save a drop of water every day， we can help make a better future.

A. andB. but

C. or

【简析】A。由句意可知，节约用水可以为将来谋利，前后句是承接关系，故用and。

【考例2】（2014年长沙卷） Its going to rain. Youd better take an umbrella， you may get wet.

A. orB. and

C. but

【简析】A。根据句意“你最好带伞，否则你可能会淋湿”可知，答案为A。

知识链接：

祈使句通常与连词and和or 连用表示结果：与and 连用表示顺承关系；与or连用表示相反的结果。

八、反意疑问句

【考例1】Theres little important news in the newspaper today， ？

A. isnt thereB. is there

C. is itD. are there

【简析】B。There be句型的附加问句部分用be there结构，由于句中的little表示否定含义，故附加问句部分用肯定形式，选B。

【考例2】I dont think the newlydirected film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say， ？

A. do youB. isnt it

C. is itD. dont you

【简析】C。在think， believe， suppose， imagine， expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句中，如果主句的主语为第一人称，在构成反意疑问句时，其后的附加问句应与从句相一致。结合语境可知，从句主语newlydirected film可用人称代词it指代，谓语动词为is；由主句中的dont可知，从句表示否定语气，故选C。

知识链接：

反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句，指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句，用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，但是肯定和否定形式却彼此相反：陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问句部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，附加部分用肯定式。即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。

请注意以下句型的反意疑问句的用法：

1.当陈述部分的主语是I，everyone，everything，nobody时，后面的附加疑问句的主谓语应视情况而定。例如：

I am a student， arent I？

Everyone is in the classroom， arent they？

Everything starts to grow in spring， doesnt it？

Nobody will go， will they？

2.当陈述部分有never，seldom，hardly，few，little，barely，scarcely等否定词时，后面的附加疑问句则用肯定形式。例如：

There are few oranges in the basket， are there？

He can hardly speak， can he？

They seldom come late， do they？

3.“I think / believe / suppose / imagine / expect +宾语从句”构成的主从复合句，在构成反意疑问句时，其后的附加问句应与从句相一致。例如：

I think pigs can swim， cant they？

I think Lily is a good girl， isnt she？

I didnt think he was happy， was he？

4.陈述部分有had better 时，附加问句应以hadnt开头。例如：

Youd better get up early， hadnt you？

5.当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加问句要根据语气来表达。例如：

Lets go out for a walk， shall we？

Let us go our for a walk， will you？

Turn on the radio， will you？

6.反意疑问句的回答用yes或no，但当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。例如：

—They dont work hard， do they？ 他们不太努力工作，是吗？

—Yes， they do. 不，他们努力工作。

—No， they dont. 对， 他们不努力工作。

【综合练习】

从所给选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. I dont think is possible to master a foreign language without much practice.

A. thisB. one

C. itsD. it

2. Its for me to learn these words， because I learned them last year.

A. easyB. hard

C. happyD. difficult

3. It took us over an hour along the street.

A. walkB. to walk

C. walkingD. walked

4. Its time to go to school， so she carries her bag.

A. onesB. she

C. hersD. her

5. —It that he has been to Beijing several times.

—Yes， he has been there.

A. saidB. is

C. seemsD. looks

6. —There a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some？

—Just a little， please.

A. isB. are

C. amD. be

7. There a ballpen， a ruler and some books on the desk.

A. isB. are

C. haveD. has

8. There is a boy at the door.

A. standB. standing

C. stoodD. is standing

9. There a meeting tonight.

A. is going beB. is going to have

C. is going toD. is going to be

10. There many changes in our town since 1998.

A. have beenB. were

C. has beenD. are

11. —Your sweater is so nice. How much is it？

—It me $480.

A. spentB. paid

C. costD. took

12. It will me about 5 hours to fly to Shanghai from Yichang.

A. payB. take

C. spendD. cost

13. —The Tshirt looks nice on you！ How much does it？

—I just ten dollars for it.

A. spentB. paid

C. costD. took

14. —I 3，000 yuan on the phone.

—Wow， so expensive！ I cant it.

A. took； affordB. cost； pay

C. cost； spendD. spent； afford

15. —What beautiful shoes youre wearing！ They must be expensive.

—No， they only 100 yuan.

A. spentB. took

C. paidD. cost

16. —Would you like to come to the party this evening？

—， but I have to study for my math test.

A. My pleasureB. Id love to

C. Thats all rightD. Dont mention it

17. —Would you like noodles for breakfast？

—Sure， I like noodles very much for breakfast.

A. have； havingB. having； having

C. to have； havingD. have； have

18. I prefer her some presents her some money.

A. to buying； to giving

B. to buy； to give

C. buy； give

D. buying； to giving

19. Jenny prefers to eat outside rather than at home.

A. cookB.cooking

C. cookedD. to cook

20. Lily prefers a low score rather than in the exam.

A. get； cheatB. to get； cheat

C. getting； cheatingD. get； to cheat

21. — fine day it is today！

—Yes， the sunshine is beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea.

A. How； suchB. What a； very

C. How； soD. What a； so

22. The camera is expensive I cant afford it.

A. so； thatB. such； that

C. so； as toD. enough； that

23. This is that we all think its very important.

A. such useful information

B. so useful an information

C. so useful information

D. such a useful information

24. He is a clever young man he can speak about ten foreign languages.

A. so； thatB. such； that

C. so a； forD. such； so

25. —Why do you look so unhappy？

—I got up late that I late for class this morning.

A. such； wasB. such； am

C. so； wasD. so； am

26. （2014年黔西南卷） —Youd better not eat too much salt. Its bad for your health.

—.

A. Not at all

B. Youre welcome

C. Im thirsty now

D. Thanks for your advice

27. （2014 年江西卷） —Why dont you join us for breakfast？

—Sure！

A. Good luck！B. Congratulations！

C. What to do？D. Why not？

28. （2014年武汉卷） —Wed better invite Jim and Jack to the party tonight.

—Yes， ？ Ill give them a call right now.

A. whyB. why not

C. what forD. how

29. （2014年苏州卷） —Shall we go fishing at six oclock tomorrow morning？

—. Will seven oclock be OK？

A. Sure， its up to you

B. Sure， no problem

C. Sorry， I cant make it

D. Sorry， Im not available

30. （2014年菏泽卷） —Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English？

—.

A. Its a pleasureB. Take it easy

C. Thats all rightD. Thats a good idea

31. （2014年苏州卷） Read this article， you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.

A. orB.and

C. butD.so

32.（2014年凉山卷） —Write down your uncles email address， you will forget it.

—All right， Mom.

A. andB. or

C. butD. so

33. Follow the doctors advice， your leg will get worse.

A. butB. and

C. orD. if

34. Stand on the top of the mountain， you will see farther.

A. andB. or

C. whileD. but

35. Make sure the iron is not too hot， it will burn your finger.

A. andB. so

C. butD. or

36.—He didnt go to the concert yesterday， did he？

—. He was busy studying for the test all day.

A. No， he didntB. Yes， he did

C. No， he didD. Yes， he didnt

37.The book cost you 50 yuan， ？

A. doesnt itB. did it

C. does itD. didnt it

38.—She has never been to India，？

—. She went there last month.

A. has she； Yes， she has

B. is she； No， she isnt

C. has she； No， she hasnt

D. is she； Yes， she is

39.—They have never seen the film， they？

—Yes， they have.

A.haveB. havent

C.doD. dont

40. You went to the park yesterday，？

A. do youB. dont you

C. did youD. didnt you

41. （2014年平凉卷） Televisions have made possible for us to watch movies at home.

A. thatB. this

C. itD. they

42. （2014年龙东卷） How time flies！ Three years since I you last time.

A. have passed； metB. has passed； met

C. passed； have met

43.（2014 年河北卷） Dont forget thanks when other people help you.

A. acceptB. to accept

C. sayD. to say

44. （2014年泸州卷） Thanks for me with my science.

A. helpB. to help

C. helpingD. your help

45. （2014年泸州卷） The movie is wonderful I want to see itagain.

A. too； toB. so； that

C. as； asD. so； as

46. — the book I wanted you to read？

—Its very useful to me.

A. What to do with

B. What do you think of

C. How to do with

D. How do you think

47. I didnt know anything about it my father told me.

A. untilB. because

C. ifD. after

48. The sports meeting will continue it rains this afternoon.

A. ifB. since

C. as soon asD. unless

49. We are often told at people in trouble.

A. not to smileB. to smile

C. not to laughD. to laugh

50. The teacher asked us the work on time.

A. finishB. to finish

C. finishedD. finishes

51. If everyone makes a contribution the environment， our country will become more beautiful.

A. to protectB. in protecting

C. to protectingD. for protecting

52. The heavy snow stopped them the village.

A. from leaveB. from left

C. from leavingD. leave

53. —Why doesnt Jack have his TV set？

—I know why he doesnt.

A. repairB. to repair

C. repairedD. repairing

Key：

1～5 DABDC 6～10 AABDA

11～15 CBBDD 16～20 BCDAB

21～25 DAABC 26～30 DDBBD

31～35 BBCAD 36～40 ADAAD

41～45 CBDCB 46～50 BADCB

51～53 CCC