完成句子题型分析及解题指导
2015-07-13李建高
李建高
完成句子题要求学生根据所给汉语,补全空格,完成英语句子。题目一般设有一个或几个空,空格内有时限填一个词,有时不限制词数。这类题目是对词汇、语法和句型等的综合测评,旨在考查学生对句型、语态、时态、词性、常用短语、介词搭配等知识的掌握程度。要做好这类题目,就必须重视对知识点的积累与融会贯通。
一、考点透视
1.考查固定句型及习惯用法
完成句子题从单句层面来考查学生综合运用所学知识,进行书面表达的能力。因此,固定句型及习惯用法是考查的重点。
【真题1】(2014年荆州卷) 嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。
Its a bad manner people in trouble.
【解析】本题考查“Its + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”句型。学生如果知道此命题点后,就很容易得到正确答案to laugh at。
【真题2】(2014年北京卷) 听到这个好消息,他高兴得说不出话来。
He was say a word when he heard the good news.
【解析】本题考查“too … to …”句型,意为“太……以至于不能……”。正确答案是too happy to。
【真题3】(2014年黄石卷) 在过去这个男孩宁愿玩电脑游戏也不愿做家庭作业。
The boy computer games to doing homework in the past.
【解析】分析题干“宁愿……也不……”可知,命题者旨在考查prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 或would rather do sth. than do sth. 结构。由关键词to doing可确定此题考查的是prefer doing sth. to doing sth.结构。再根据后面的时间状语in the past可知,正确答案是preferred playing。
2.考查交际项目用语
新课程标准要求培养学生综合语言运用能力,交际用语是中考英语考查热点之一。在完成句子题目中,也常考查交际用语。
【真题1】(2012年滨州卷) 谢谢您帮助我。
Thank you for .
【解析】考查交际项目中的“感谢及应答”。“Thank sb. for doing sth.”意为“谢谢某人做了某事”。正确答案是helping me。
【真题2】(2012年滨州卷) 晚饭后为什么不出去散步?
go out for a walk after supper?
【解析】考查交际项目中的“建议及应答”。“Why not do sth.?”或“Why dont you do sth.?”都表示“为什么不做某事?”。正确答案是Why dont you或Why not。
3.考查固定短语
语言在发展过程中会形成一些约定俗成的表达,在英语中的表现形式为固定短语。它们在语言运用中比较活跃,因此成为完成句子题测试的重点。
【真题1】(2014年北京卷) 少开车对环境有好处。
To drive less is the environment.
【解析】考查“be +形容词+介词”短语。be good for意为“对……有益处”,其反义短语是be bad for,意为“对……有坏处”。正确答案是good for。
【真题2】(2014年白银卷) 流感病毒,比如H7N9,已夺去数百万人的生命。
Flu viruses, such as H7N9, had already killed people.
【解析】考查固定短语millions of,意思是“数以百万计的”。类似的短语还有:hundreds of“数以百计的”;thousands of“成千上万的”。正确答案是millions of。
【真题3】(2014年黄石卷) 我表姐很擅长音乐,她准备长大后当音乐家。
My cousin is good at music and she is going to be a musician when she .
【解析】考查动词短语grow up,因为时间状语从句的主语是she,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。正确答案是grows up。
4.考查动词时态和语态的用法
动词是英语中最活跃的词性之一,其时态和语态的灵活运用也必定是完成句子题考查的重点。
【真题1】(2014年广州卷) 呆在家里,直到你妈妈回来。
Stay in your house your mother .
【解析】考查动词的时态。until引导时间状语从句时,从句部分的谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来。正确答案是until,comes back。
【真题2】(2014年广州卷) 为了进一步美化校园,下个月会在学校种很多树。
Next month many trees in our school to make it more beautiful.
【解析】考查动词的语态。分析句意可知,trees是动词plant的承受者,故应使用被动语态。依据关键词“下个月”,可知空格处应用一般将来时的被动语态。正确答案是will be planted。
【真题3】(2014年常州卷) 经常看到露西的父亲开车送她上学。
Lucys father .
【解析】本题考查短语see sb. do sth.,在被动语态中动词不定式符号to不能省略。句子主语Lucys father是see这一动作的承受者,由此判断要用被动语态;“开车送某人去某地”用drive sb. to some place 表达。正确答案是is often seen to drive her to school by car / in a car。
5.考查容易出错的知识点
完成句子题属于主观性试题,学生在实际答题中最容易犯错,如名词的单复数、形容词或副词的比较等级的选用,以及同学们经常误用的“中式英语”等。
【真题1】(2012年自贡卷) 尽量仔细一些,下次就会更少犯错误了。
Try to be more careful then youll fewer next time.
【解析】make a mistake是一个常见短语。但在该句中,fewer后应该接可数名词复数形式。正确答案是make, mistakes。
【真题2】(2013年淮安卷) 印度是世界上第二人口大国。
India has the population in the world.
【解析】该题的难点在于表示人口规模时,汉语中往往用“多或少”来形容,而英语中则用“大(large)或小(small)”来形容。因此,正确答案是second largest。
二、解题思路
1.研读中文句子,确定命题点
认真研读所给汉语句子,准确把握大意,了解句子的主要结构,从而确定命题点,找到解题的突破口。
【真题】(2011年宿迁卷) 琼在我们当中最心灵手巧了,但她从来不炫耀自己。
Joan is the most practical of us, but she never .
【解析】“炫耀”用show off或show oneself off表示。正确答案是shows herself off。
2.阅读英文句子,根据空格数初定答案
带着预测的答案来阅读英文句子。若所预测的答案与所给的空格数相吻合,则预测的答案应该是正确的;若不吻合,就应该重新分析。例如上题中有三个空格,show off显然不符合要求,应该填shows herself off。
3.分析空格所填词汇,确定其词形变化
确定好所填的词后,要正确把握各类词的形态变化。还是以上题为例,show是动词,要考虑动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词的变化;oneself要和对应的主语一致,变成herself。
4.复读完整的句子,凭借语感进行复查
最后,将填好的句子再读一遍,从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面复查,保证与所给的汉语意思一致。
三、高频句型
1. as soon as“一……就……”
2. not as / so … as“和……一样;不如”
3. as … as possible“尽可能的”
4. be afraid of doing sth. / that“害怕做某事;害怕担心……”
5. be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”
6. be famous for …“以……而著名”
7. both … and …“……和……”
8. provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”
9. give sth. to sb.“把某物给某人”
10. either … or …“要么……要么……”
11. enjoy / hate / finish / mind / keep / go on doing sth.“喜欢/讨厌/完成/介意/继续做某事”
12. get +形容词比较级“变得越来越……”
13. used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”
14. get on / along with …“与……相处”
15. get ready for sth. / get sth. ready“为某事做准备”
16. had better (not) do sth.“最好(不)做某事”
17. help sb. (to) do sth. / help sb. with sth.“帮助某人做某事”
18. sb. dont think that …“某人认为……不”
19. Would you like to do sth.?“你想做某事吗?”
20. It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间”
21. Its bad / good for …“对……有害处/好处”
22. Its important for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事很重要”
23. Its time for sth. / to do sth.“到了做某事的时间了”
24. too … to …“太……以至于不能……”
25. keep / make sth. + 形容词“让……一直保持……”
26. What about … / How about …?“……怎么样?”
27. make / let sb. (not) do sth.“让某人(不)做某事”
28. neither … nor …“既不……也不……”
29. spend … on sth. / spend … in doing sth.“在……方面花费……”
30. not only … but also …“不仅……而且……”
31. not … until …“直到……才……”
32. see / hear sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事”
33. see / hear sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”
34. so … that …“如此……以至于……”
35. It is said / reported that …“据说/据报道……”
跟踪练习:
一、根据所给汉语意思和英文提示,完成英语句子。每空一词。
1.我们的朋友遍布全世界。
We have friends .
2.我们应该劝阻人们不要在公共场所吸烟。
We should people in public places.
3.格林太太正忙着准备考驾照。
Mrs. Green is busy pass the driving license.
4.为了准备马拉松比赛,凯娜一直坚持训练。
To prepare for the marathon, Kana has kept all the time.
5.要保持体形你最好多吃水果,少吃肉。
Youd more fruit and meat to keep fit.
6.多朗读,对我们学好英语有好处。
To read more English is good us study English well.
7.他一生为世界做出了很大贡献。
He a great the world all his life.
8.今天是元宵节。为什么不跟我们去看舞龙呢?
Today is the Lantern Festival. go to watch the Dragon Dances with us?
9.长安大街从东到西有五公里长。
Changan Avenue 5 kilometres from east to west.
10.如果你想考高中,你就需要更加努力学习。
If you want to go to a high school, you need harder.
11.孩子们在寒假里不是滑冰就是滑雪。
The children skate ski in winter holidays.
12.李宁是世界上最优秀的体操运动员之一。
Li Ning is gymnasts in the world.
13.退休后,我打算去安静而美丽的地方。
After retiring, Im going to and .
14.这种东西是用来给酒保温的。
This is keeping wine warm.
15.感谢你照顾我的祖母。
care of my grandmother.
16.买这件衬衣我该付多少钱?
How much should I the shirt?
17.她以前曾是一位英语老师。
She be an English teacher.
18.如果你努力学习,你迟早都会学好英语的。
If you work hard, you will learn English well .
19.就在那时,他想到了一个好办法。
Just then, he a good idea.
20.所有人都称赞这个聪明的孩子。
All the people the clever boy.
二、根据汉语提示和英文词语完成句子,每空词数不限。
1. The Chinese people (比你想象中的还要友好).
2. It was too late. She stopped (让孩子再看电视).
3. Ill ring you up (我一到美国).
4. The twin brothers (彼此相处很融洽).
5. Millie (写字不如艾丽斯仔细).
6. The sweater (是由羊毛制成的).
7. The children (迫不及待地打开彼此的礼物).
8. We should (尽我们最大努力赶上) the developed countries as soon as possible.
9. Do you (爬到山顶有困难) in one day?
10. Before five oclock this afternoon, (你务必把所有的展品放好).
11. Be careful, (否则你会受伤的).
12. (我们将如何处理) these old newspapers?
13. The headmaster spoke highly of him, and (同学们都因他而骄傲).
14. The boy (下决心成为一名著名的科学家).
15. She decided to buy a digital camera online (那样便可以邮寄给她).
16. In a few years time,
(那些大山将被绿树覆盖).
17. I believe (他们迟早会回到家乡).
18. (英语变得越来越重要) since China entered WTO.
19. (据报道) its going to rain tomorrow morning.
20. Youd better (代替他在会上发言).
Key:
一、1. all over the world 2. stop / prevent / keep; from smoking 3. getting ready to 4. on training 5. better eat; less 6. for; to 7. made; contribution to 8. Why not 9. is; long 10. to study / work 11. either; or 12. one of the best 13. somewhere quiet; beautiful 14. used for 15. Thanks for taking 16. pay for 17. used to 18. sooner or later 19. came up with 20. speak highly of
二、1. are more friendly than you think 2. the child from watching TV 3. as soon as I get to America 4. get on very well with each other 5. doesnt write so carefully as Alice does 6. is made of wool 7. couldnt wait to open each others presents 8. try our best to catch up with 9. have any trouble / problems (in) climbing to the top of the mountain 10. you must make sure that everything on show is in its right place 11. or youll get hurt 12. How shall we deal with 13. all his classmates were proud of him 14. has made up his mind to be a famous scientist 15. so that it could be sent to her 16. those mountains will be covered with green trees 17. they will return to their hometown sooner or later 18. English has become more and more important 19. Its reported that 20. speak at the meeting instead of him