人物故事类阅读理解高考链接

曹久锋

人物故事类文章是高考阅读理解中经常出现的材料，选材多源于幽默故事或日常生活。

[选材特点]

1.人物故事类文章通常有一个完整的故事，有开头、发展和结尾，故事情节跌宕起伏、层次清晰、语言通俗易懂。

2.高考选用的此类文章常常为情感类故事，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，或故事中出其不意的变化，这些内容往往体现文章的中心或写作意图，属于必考点。总体来说，故事类文章的难度通常不会太大，考生只要跟随作者的思路，就能掌握文章大意。

[解题策略]

1.理清文脉与主要信息

阅读故事类文章时要把文中的人物和事件结合在一起思考，抓住情节发展的主要脉络和线索，有的故事以人物为主线索，有的以事件发展为主线索，有的则以主人公思想感情变化为主线索。只有抓住了主线索，才不会在解题时偏离了正轨。阅读过程中应特别关注决定事件发生前因及后果的主要信息，把它与次要信息区别开来。

2.掌握重要细节

在命题上，对故事情节的考查一般体现在对重要细节的搜索和筛选上。解答细节题要注意有直接辨认和间接辨认两种，前者从文章中直接获取信息，问题或者选项常常会用文中相应细节关键词的同义词或近义词的形式复述出来。间接辨认事实细节题需要对原文有更深层次的理解，而不仅仅是停留在文字表面，这样题目的思维含量更高，难度也就更大了。

3.注意作者的议论和抒情

高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行，或按事情发生发展的地点来转换。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时要仔细体会，必要时可作标记以待回顾。

4.把握作者态度及意图

故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想的。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文章都会在结尾用简短的议论或抒情来揭示文章中心；文章中议论抒情的句子往往与中心思想密切相关；也有的文章需要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心，通过一些关键词句把握作者的态度。

在一些故事中，作者的态度和观点很鲜明，用直截了当的语言直率地挑明；也有一些故事，作者的态度和观点隐含在故事的过程或细节描述中，需要我们细加揣摩和体会。我们应该特别关注作者的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、动词，还要关注作者的语气和句式。主观臆想，随意揣测，或以自己的观点代替作者的观点都会导致判断错误。

例题 2015年高考北京卷

The Boy Made It！

One Sunday， Nicholas， a teenager， went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon， when he was planning to go home， a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far， he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it， Nicholas was lost， all alone！ He didnt have food， water， a phone， or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.

Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.

He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didnt， his body temperature would get very low， which could quickly kill him.

Using his skis， Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself， like a blanket， to stay as warm as he could.

By that evening， Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last， Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled （蜷缩） in his cave and slept.

The next day， Nicholas went out to look for help， but he couldnt find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave， because without shelter， he could die that night. On Tuesday， Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow， Nicholas was saved.

Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show. Man vs. Wild. Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life， In each episode （一期节目） of Man vs. Wild， Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.

When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds， he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.

56. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon？

A. He got lost

B. He broke his skis

C. He hurt his eyes

D. He caught a cold

57. How did Nicholas keep himself warm？

A. He found a shelter

B. He lighted some branches

C. He kept on skiing

D. He built a snow cave.

58. On Tuesday， Nicholas .

A. returned to his shelter safely

B. was saved by a searcher

C. got stuck in the snow

D. staved where he was

59. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .

A. did the right things in the dangerous situation

B. watched Grylls TV program regularly

C. created some tips for survival

D. was very hard-working

解析 本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。

56. A。细节理解题。根据第一段第三行Before he knew it， Nicholas was lost， all alone！可知答案。这是可以直接辨认出的细节。故选A。

57. D。细节理解题。根据第四段第一行Nicholas built a snow cave以及第四行to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。同样是可以直接辨认的细节，故选D。

58. B。细节理解题。根据第六段第三行He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him可知Nicholas在星期二被一名志愿搜救者救了。

59. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive可知，Grylls觉得一个小男孩能在如此因难的清况下成功逃生是难能可贵的，故选A。