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care about 还是 care for?

2015-05-21曾克辉

高中生学习·高二版 2015年3期
关键词:动名词代词介词

曾克辉

1care about和care for可以相互替换使用吗?

答:有时可以。但在不同情况下,它们在较确切的含义上还是有区别的。

①在表示“喜欢,关心,担心”时,意思一样,常可以互换使用。如:

I care about/for your integrity and honesty.

我喜欢你的正直和诚实。

She doesnt care about/for politics.

她不关心政治。

You needn't care about/for his safety.

你不必为他的安全担心。

②在表示“介意,计较,在乎”等意思时,用care about(接事物并多见于否定句)。如:

He doesnt care about what his girlfriend says.

他不介意她女友说的话。

He never cares about his personal gain or loss.

他从来就不计较个人得失。

③在表示“关怀,照顾,愿意(常与would连用)”等意思时,用care for。如:

We must care for the younger generation.

我们必须关怀年青的一代。

Thank you for caring for us so well.

感谢你对我们照顾得如此周到。

Would you care for a walk with me after supper?

你愿意晚饭之后和我一起去散步吗?

2“have+宾语”后面接不定式时,为什么有时候带to,有时候不带?

答:它们的意义是不一样的。“have+宾语+非谓语动词”常有以下几种形式:

①“have+宾语+do”中的have是使役动词,意为“让、使、叫”,不定式作宾补。如:

The teacher had us give the classroom a thorough cleaning.

老师叫我们把教室彻底打扫一下。

②“have+宾语+to do”中的have是行为动词,意为“有”,不定式作定语。如:

I have a lot of work to do.

我有很多工作要做。

③“have+宾语+to be done”中的have也是行为动词,不定式的被动式作定语且动作的执行者不是本人。如:

Do you have anything to be taken to your brother in town?

你有什么东西要带给你镇里的兄弟吗?(带东西到镇里去的人不是主语you而是问话者)

④“have+宾语+done”中的have是使役动词,take过去分词形式作宾语补足语,意为“请(让,叫,使)别人做某事;使得……遭遇/经历……不幸、意外或痛苦”。如:

I had some wedding photos taken.

我拍了几张结婚照。(拍照是请别人执行的)

Yesterday I had my wallet stolen.

昨天我的钱包被偷了。(偷盗是小偷执行的)

⑤“have+宾语+doing” 中的have是使役动词,现在分词作宾语补足语,意为“让……一直……”,用法同keep... doing。如:

The mother busy doing the housework had the baby crying in bed.

忙于做家务的母亲让婴儿在床上一直哭个不停。

3为什么Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver...中的take用动词原形?

答:rather than意为“而不是……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。

①连接两个名词或代词:

You rather than I are going to go camping.

是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

②连接两个形容词:

He was mad rather than brave.

与其说他勇敢不如说他发疯了。

③连接两个介词(短语)或动名词:

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.

她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。

Many products are made by machinery rather than by hand.

许多产品是机器造的而非手工做的。

④连接两个分句:

We should help him rather than he should help us.

我们应该帮助他,而不是他应该帮助我们。

⑤连接两个不定式:

I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.

我决定写信,而不是打电话。

注意 rather than后接不定式时,带或不带to都可以,但rather than位于句首时,不定式不带to。如:

Rather than travel by train, he preferred to fly.

他宁愿乘飞机,而不愿坐火车去旅行。

⑥连接两个谓语动词:

He ran rather than walked.

他是跑来的,而不是走来的。

注意 这里rather than后用walked而没有用walk,表示的是客观事实,而非主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。

4Youd better go now. 中的Youd是You had还是You would?

答:都可以。had better, would better, might better, had best的意思是“最好还是……;还是……好”,但它们还是有一定的差异。

①had better后接动词原形。例如:

You had better not do that.

你最好不要这样做。

②had better,would better和might better在使用时,had better最常用,would better次之,might better用得最少。

注意 would better不用于第一人称。

You had (would, might) better stay at home.

你最好还是待在家里。

③had best是had better的进一步加强语,用法与had better相同,因为有俗语意味,不大常用。例如:

I had best have your opinions first.

我最好先听听你的意见。

④had better的过去式和完成式是had better have done,具有虚拟意味。例如:

I had better have got that job.

我要是得到那工作就好了。

You had better have come earlier.

你本该来得早一点。

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