care about 还是 care for?
2015-05-21曾克辉
曾克辉
1care about和care for可以相互替换使用吗?
答:有时可以。但在不同情况下,它们在较确切的含义上还是有区别的。
①在表示“喜欢,关心,担心”时,意思一样,常可以互换使用。如:
I care about/for your integrity and honesty.
我喜欢你的正直和诚实。
She doesnt care about/for politics.
她不关心政治。
You needn't care about/for his safety.
你不必为他的安全担心。
②在表示“介意,计较,在乎”等意思时,用care about(接事物并多见于否定句)。如:
He doesnt care about what his girlfriend says.
他不介意她女友说的话。
He never cares about his personal gain or loss.
他从来就不计较个人得失。
③在表示“关怀,照顾,愿意(常与would连用)”等意思时,用care for。如:
We must care for the younger generation.
我们必须关怀年青的一代。
Thank you for caring for us so well.
感谢你对我们照顾得如此周到。
Would you care for a walk with me after supper?
你愿意晚饭之后和我一起去散步吗?
2“have+宾语”后面接不定式时,为什么有时候带to,有时候不带?
答:它们的意义是不一样的。“have+宾语+非谓语动词”常有以下几种形式:
①“have+宾语+do”中的have是使役动词,意为“让、使、叫”,不定式作宾补。如:
The teacher had us give the classroom a thorough cleaning.
老师叫我们把教室彻底打扫一下。
②“have+宾语+to do”中的have是行为动词,意为“有”,不定式作定语。如:
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
③“have+宾语+to be done”中的have也是行为动词,不定式的被动式作定语且动作的执行者不是本人。如:
Do you have anything to be taken to your brother in town?
你有什么东西要带给你镇里的兄弟吗?(带东西到镇里去的人不是主语you而是问话者)
④“have+宾语+done”中的have是使役动词,take过去分词形式作宾语补足语,意为“请(让,叫,使)别人做某事;使得……遭遇/经历……不幸、意外或痛苦”。如:
I had some wedding photos taken.
我拍了几张结婚照。(拍照是请别人执行的)
Yesterday I had my wallet stolen.
昨天我的钱包被偷了。(偷盗是小偷执行的)
⑤“have+宾语+doing” 中的have是使役动词,现在分词作宾语补足语,意为“让……一直……”,用法同keep... doing。如:
The mother busy doing the housework had the baby crying in bed.
忙于做家务的母亲让婴儿在床上一直哭个不停。
3为什么Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver...中的take用动词原形?
答:rather than意为“而不是……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
①连接两个名词或代词:
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
②连接两个形容词:
He was mad rather than brave.
与其说他勇敢不如说他发疯了。
③连接两个介词(短语)或动名词:
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
Many products are made by machinery rather than by hand.
许多产品是机器造的而非手工做的。
④连接两个分句:
We should help him rather than he should help us.
我们应该帮助他,而不是他应该帮助我们。
⑤连接两个不定式:
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
我决定写信,而不是打电话。
注意 rather than后接不定式时,带或不带to都可以,但rather than位于句首时,不定式不带to。如:
Rather than travel by train, he preferred to fly.
他宁愿乘飞机,而不愿坐火车去旅行。
⑥连接两个谓语动词:
He ran rather than walked.
他是跑来的,而不是走来的。
注意 这里rather than后用walked而没有用walk,表示的是客观事实,而非主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。
4Youd better go now. 中的Youd是You had还是You would?
答:都可以。had better, would better, might better, had best的意思是“最好还是……;还是……好”,但它们还是有一定的差异。
①had better后接动词原形。例如:
You had better not do that.
你最好不要这样做。
②had better,would better和might better在使用时,had better最常用,would better次之,might better用得最少。
注意 would better不用于第一人称。
You had (would, might) better stay at home.
你最好还是待在家里。
③had best是had better的进一步加强语,用法与had better相同,因为有俗语意味,不大常用。例如:
I had best have your opinions first.
我最好先听听你的意见。
④had better的过去式和完成式是had better have done,具有虚拟意味。例如:
I had better have got that job.
我要是得到那工作就好了。
You had better have come earlier.
你本该来得早一点。