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导学2(Units 4—6)

2015-04-29

时代英语·初中 2015年1期

重点知识园地

Unit 4 "Don’t eat in class.

重点词汇

1. rule "n. "规则;规章

There is only one rule.

只有一条规定。

break the rules "违反规定

follow the rules "遵守规定

The boy is breaking the rule. He is eating in the classroom. "这男孩违反了规定,他在教室里吃东西。

2. arrive "v. "到达

Don’t arrive late for school.

上课别迟到。

1) arrive in + 大地点

We arrived in Beijing by plane.

我们乘飞机到北京。

2) arrive at + 小地点

He arrives at school at seven o’clock.

他七点钟到校。

3. hallway "n. "走廊;过道

Don’t run in the hallways.

别在走廊上跑。

4. listen "v. "听;倾听

Tom is listening to the radio.

汤姆正在听收音机。

5. wear "v. "穿;戴

Tony wears a T-shirt.

托尼穿着一件T恤。

比较:wear和put on

wear和put on均有“穿”的意思,但wear指“穿着”,put on 指“穿上”。

It’s cold outside. Put on your coat.

外面冷,穿上你的外套。

6. quiet "adj. "安静的

We have to be quiet in the library.

在图书馆我们必须保持安静。

7. practice "v. amp; n. "练习

Dave practices the guitar before dinner.

大卫在晚餐前练习吉他。

practice doing sth "练习做某事

He practices playing the piano every day.

他每天练习弹钢琴。

8. noisy "adj. "吵闹的

Don’t be noisy. "别吵!

The engine is very noisy.

这发动机噪音真大。

9. read "v. "读;阅读

I must read a book before I can watch TV.

看电视前我必须得看完书。

10. feel "v. "感受;觉得

You’ll feel better after a night’s sleep.

你晚上睡个好觉就会觉得舒服些。

1) feel "n. "感觉;感受

I know how you feel.

我知道你的感受。

2) feel + adj.(作表语)

I feel relaxed every day.

我每天感觉很轻松。

11. strict "adj. "严格的;严厉的

1) be strict with sb "对待某人严格

2) be strict in sth "对待某事严格

The boss is strict with his workers, and he is strict in his work. "老板不仅对员工要求严格,对自己的工作也要求严格。

12. remember "v. "记住;记起

But remember, they make rules to help us.

但是记住,他们制订规则来帮助我们。

1) remember to do sth "记着去做某事

Please remember to clean the room.

请记住打扫房间(别忘了打扫房间)。

2) remember doing sth "记得做了某事

I remember cleaning the room.

我记得我打扫了房间。

13. keep "v. "保持;保留

I have to keep my hair short.

我必须留短发。

keep sth + adj "使……保持

Please keep the room clean.

请保持房间整洁。

常用词组

school rules "学校规章制度

break the rules "违反规则

follow the rules "遵守规则

listen to music "听音乐

on time "按时

go out "出去

do the dishes "洗碗

make breakfast "做早餐

make one’s bed "整理床铺

think about "考虑

in the music room "在音乐教室里

in the dining hall "在餐厅

after school "放学后

too many "太多

by ten o’clock "十点之前

make dinner "做饭

重要句型

1. Don’t do sth "别做某事;不要做某事

Don’t arrive late for class!

上课别迟到!

Don’t eat in class!

别在课堂上吃东西!

2. We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside. "我们不能在走廊上听音乐,但是我们可以在外面听。

注意:but连接两个意思相反的句子,表示转折关系。

We don’t like soap operas, but we like sitcoms.

我们不喜欢肥皂剧,但是我们喜欢情景剧。

基本语法

1. must 与have to

1) must 更强调说话者的主观意愿,而have to强调客观上的必要性,意为“不得不”。

I must go now, or I will be late.

我必须马上走,否则我会迟到。

It’s too late, I have to take a taxi.

太晚了,我得乘出租车。

2) must一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变化,而have to 可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化。

I/We/He must work hard.

我/我们/他必须努力学习。

He has/ I have to stop his car and wait for the police.

他/我不得不停车等警察过来。

3) 二者的否定式含义大不一样。mustn’t表示“不准;禁止”,而don’t have to 表示“不必”。

You mustn’t leave until I come back.

我回来之前你都不能离开。

There is a lot of time left so you don’t have to hurry.

还有足够时间,你不必太匆忙。

2. 祈使句

通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语,即听话人通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。

1) 系动词原型Be + 表语 + 其他

Be quiet, please. "请安静。

否定形式为Don’t + be + 表语 + 其他

Don’t be angry.

别生气。

2) 动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他

Open your books, please.

请把书打开。

否定形式为Don’t + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他

Don’t eat in the classroom.

别在教室里吃东西。

3) Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他

Let me help you.

让我帮助你。

Let’s go at six o’clock.

让我们在六点去。

否定形式一般在宾语后加not

Let’s not watch TV.

我们别看电视。

4) No + V-ing(这种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事”)

No smoking. = Don’t smoke. "严禁吸烟!

No talking. = Don’t talk. "不许交谈!

No parking. = Don’t park. "不许停车!

Unit 5 "Why do you like pandas?

重点词汇

1. animal "n. "动物

Pandas are my favorite animals.

大熊猫是我最喜欢的动物。

2. kind "n. "种类

1) kind of "有几分;有点儿(口语)

It’s kind of hot here.

这儿有点热啊。

2) a kind of "一种……

3) many kinds of "许多种类的

3. leg "n. "腿

He can walk on two legs.

他能双腿直立行走。

4. save "v. "救;救助

Let’s save the animals.

让我们拯救动物。

Please save water.

请节约用水。

He is saving money to go to college.

他正存钱去上大学。

5. forget "v. "忘记;遗忘

I forget his name.

我记不起他的名字了。

forget to do sth "忘记要做某事

Who forgot to clean the classroom?

谁忘了打扫教室?

6. place "n. "地点;位置

They can remember places with food and water.

它们记得哪些地方有食物和水。

7. danger "n. "危险

But tigers are in great danger.

但是大象目前面临危险。

8. cut "v. "砍;切

People cut down many trees so birds are losing their homes.

人们砍倒了许多大树因此鸟类正失去家园。

9. kill "v. "杀死;弄死

People also kill elephants for their ivory.

人们为了得到象牙杀死大象。

10. 有关动物的词汇

koala "(澳洲)树袋熊 tiger "老虎

elephant "大象 dolphin "海豚

panda "大熊猫 lion "狮子

penguin "企鹅 giraffe "长颈鹿

11. 描述动物的形容词

cute "可爱的 smart "聪明的

lazy "懒惰的 beautiful "美丽的

scary "可怕的 friendly "友好的

shy "害羞的

常用词组

kind of "有几分;有点儿

a kind of "一种……

all day "整天

during the day "在白天

at night "在夜间

have a look at... "看……

one...the other "……一个……另一个……

cut down "砍倒

in danger "处于危险之中

get lost "迷路

重要句型

1. Let’s see the pandas first. "让我们先看大熊猫。

2. Why do you want to do...? "你为什么想……?

Because... "因为……

3. Do you like...? "你喜欢……吗?

4. What animals do you like? "你喜欢什么动物?

5. Why do/don’t you like...? "你为什么(不)喜欢……?

6. Where are... from? "……来自哪儿?

They are from... "他们来自……

基本语法

1. why和because的用法

2. 特殊疑问句

通常是指以what/who/which/when/where/how/how old/how many等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问的句型。

特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种形式:

1) 疑问句 + 一般疑问句

What is your grandfather’s telephone number?

你爷爷的电话号码是多少?

Who is that boy with big eyes?

那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?

Which season do you like best?

你最喜欢哪个季节?

When is he going to play the piano?

他什么时候弹钢琴?

Where does he live? "他住在哪儿?

How old are you? "你多大了?

How many brothers and sisters do you have?

你有几个兄弟姐妹?

2) 疑问句 + 陈述句

此句型中疑问词作主语或修饰主语。

Who is on duty today? "今天谁值日?

Unit 6 "I’m watching TV.

重点词汇

1. use "v. "使用;运用

She is using her computer.

她正在用电脑。

2. wash "v. "洗

He is washing the dishes. "他在洗碗。

do some washing "洗衣服

He often helps his mom do some washing.

他经常帮他妈妈洗衣服。

3. drink "v. "喝 " "n. "饮料

Mary’s parents drink tea after dinner.

玛丽的父母在晚餐后喝茶。

4. tomorrow "adv. "在明天 " "n. "明天;未来

Do you want to go tomorrow then?

那你想明天去吗?

5. shop "v. "购物 " "n. "商店

They are shopping. "他们在购物。

There are many people in the gift shop.

礼品店里人太多了。

go shopping "去购物

My mother usually goes shopping on Sunday.

我妈妈通常在星期天购物。

6. study "v. amp; n. "学习;研究

He is now studying in the United States.

他现在在美国学习。

7. other "adj. "另外的;其他的 " "pron. "另外的人(或物)

You can ask other people.

你可以去问其他人。

8. any "adj. "任何的;任一的 " "pron. "任何;任一

You may take any one of these.

你可以从中随便拿一个。

9. child "n. "儿童(pl. children)

The mother is reading a story to her young children.

母亲正在给她的孩子们讲故事。

10. miss "v. "怀念;思念

He misses his family.

他很想念他的家人。

11. wish "v. "希望

He wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.

他希望能吃到他妈妈做的美味粽子。

12. still "adv. "还;仍然

But we can still get there at three.

但我们仍然能3点到达。

常用词组

watch TV "看电视

make soup "做汤

read a newspaper "看报

talk on the phone "讲电话

wash the dishes "洗盘子

use the computer "使用电脑

go to the movies "看电影

eat out "在外面吃饭

see you then "到时见

do one’s homework "做家庭作业

drink tea "喝茶

host family "寄宿家庭

any other "其他任何一个

study for a test "备考

talk show "脱口秀;访谈节目

重要句型

1. What + be + sb + doing? " ……正在做什么?

Sb + be + doing... "……正在做某事。

— What are you doing? "你在做什么?

— I’m doing my homework. "我正在做家庭作业。

2. Hello! This is Jenny. "你好!我是詹妮。

在英文中,打电话时说“我是……”用“This is...”。

3. Here are/is... "这有/这是……

Here are some of my photos. "这儿有一些我的照片。

Here is a photo of my family. "这是我们家的全家福。

基本语法

现在进行时

1. 基本形式

Be动词 + V-ing,表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。

I am reading a book. "我在读书。

2. 现在进行时的肯定句和否定形式

1) 肯定形式

Sb + be动词 + V-ing + 其他

I’m watching TV. "我正在看电视。

2) 否定句形式

Sb + be动词 + not + V-ing + 其他

They are not playing soccer.

他们现在没在踢足球。

3. 现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答

Be动词 + sb + V-ing + 其他?

Yes, sb is/am/are./ No, sb isn’t/am not/aren’t.

Are you reading? "你正在看书?

Yes, I am. / No, I am not. "是,我在。/不,我没有。

4. 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式

特殊疑问词 + be动词 + sb + V-ing + 其他?

What is your brother doing?

你弟弟正在干嘛?

5. V + ing形式的构成

1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing

eat—eating do—doing clean—cleaning play—playing

2) 以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing

take—taking write—writing have—having

come—coming dance—dancing

3) 词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing

run—running sit—sitting swim—swimming

shop—shopping put—putting sit—sitting