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导学4(Units 10—12)

2015-04-29

时代英语·初中 2015年1期

重点知识园地

Unit 10 "I’d like some noodles.

重点词汇

1. 有关食物的词汇

noodle "n. "面条

beef "n. "牛肉

potato "n. "土豆;马铃薯

special "n. amp; adj. "特色菜

meat "n. "(可食用的)肉

dumpling "n. "饺子

fish "n. "鱼;鱼肉

2. would "v. "(表示意愿)愿意

I would like to have some tea.

我想喝点茶。

3. large "adj. "大号的;大的

I think she has a large family.

我想她家人口众多。

注意:large用于修饰人数时表示人口数量多。

4. world "n. "世界

English now is popular in the world.

英语是现在世界流行的语言。

5. answer nbsp;n. "答案 " "v. "回答

That is the answer to the question.

那就是这个问题的答案。

She can answer this question.

她能回答出这个问题。

6. different "adj. "不同的

His mother finds something different about him.

他母亲注意到他的与众不同。

7. if "conj. "如果

If the book is yours, where is mine?

如果这本书是你的,我的在哪儿?

8. idea "n. "想法;主意

She can think of an idea.

她能想出一个办法。

常用词组

a (large) bowl of... "一(大)碗……

around the world "世界各地

make a wish "许愿

blow out "吹灭

cut up "切碎

beef noodles "牛肉面

potato salad "土豆沙拉

orange juice "橘汁

重要句型

1. What kind of ...would you like? "你想要……吗?

2. What size bowl of... would you like? "你们想要多大碗的……?

We’d like a small/medium/large bowl of...

我们想要一小/中/大碗的……

3. Would you like...? "你需要……吗?

4. May I take your order?

你准备好点菜了吗?

5. What’s your age? =How old are you?

你多大了?

基本语法

1. would like的用法

1) would like = want意为“想要”,其后可以直接跟名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语,也可跟“sb to do”,表示请求,使语气委婉。

2) would like sth "想要某物

He would like a bowl of noodles.

= He wants a bowl of noodles. "他想要一碗面。

2. would like的一般疑问句及回答

would like的一般疑问句句型为“Would sb like...?” 肯定回答常用“Yes, please./ Yes, I would like to.”,否定回答常用“No, thanks./ I’d like to, but...”。

— Would you like a cup of tea? "你想要杯茶吗?

— Yes, please./ No, thanks. "好的。/不用,谢谢!

— Would you like to go shopping with me?

你想和我去购物吗?

— Yes, I’d like to./ I’d like to, but I have to do my homework.

是的,我想去。/我想去,但我必须得做作业。

3. 不可数名词数量的表示法

a bowl of "一碗

a glass of "一杯(玻璃杯)

a box of "一箱/一盒子

a bag of "一袋

a cup of "一杯(瓷杯)

4. 多数情况下,名词做定语时(即名词修饰名词),定语不用复数。

an apple tree—five apple trees

beef and tomato noodles

注意:当第一个名词变复数为不规则变化时,用法如下:

a woman teacher—two women teachers

a man doctor—three men doctors

(即:两个名词都变为复数)

Unit 11 "How was your school trip?

重点词汇

1. feed "v. "喂养;饲养

Don’t forget to feed your pet dog.

别忘了喂你的小狗。

1) feed sth to... "把某物喂给……

2) feed...on/with... "用……喂……

She feeds milk to the baby.

= She feeds the baby on/with milk. "她用牛奶喂婴儿。

3) feed on... "以……为食

Pandas feed on bamboo.

大熊猫以竹子为食。

2. grow "v. "种植;生长;发育

My hair grows too long.

我的头发长太长了。

Farmers grow wheat in the field.

农民在这块土地上种小麦。

3. pick "v. "采;摘

You mustn’t pick apples from that tree.

你绝不能摘那棵树上的苹果。

4. worry "v. amp; n. "担心;担忧

Don’t worry. The cat is fine.

别担心,小猫很好。

5. expensive "adj. "昂贵的

The books here are expensive.

这里的书真贵。

6. cheap "adj. "廉价的;便宜的

You can’t buy it only because it’s cheap.

不能因为便宜就买下。

7. everything "pron. "所有事物;一切

Many parents try to do everything for their children.

父母试图为孩子做一切事情。

1) everything作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

2) everything,anything等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词应置于不定代词后面。

We must use everything useful.

我们必须使用一切有用的东西。

8. hear "v. "听到;听见

Please be quiet. I can hear everything.

小声点,我什么都能听见。

比较:hear和listen

hear强调“听到、听见”,可能是有意识也可能是无意识地“听见”;listen强调有意识或注意地“听”,不强调“听”的“结果”。

I listened carefully, but I heard nothing.

我仔细听,但什么也没听见。

常用词组

milk a cow "给奶牛挤奶

ride a horse "骑马

feed chickens 喂鸡

in the countryside "在乡下;在农村

fire station "消防站

all in all "总的说来

climb the mountains "爬山

come out "出来

重要句型

1. How + be + sb/sth? "……(情况)怎样?

— How is Tom? "汤姆怎么样了?

— He is quite OK. "他很好。

2. Did you go to...? "你刚才去了……吗?

3. It was so much fun. "如此有趣。

4. It is + 形容词 (+ for sb) + to do sth

“(对某人来说)做某事很……”这一句型中常用的形容词有hard/difficult/easy/important/interesting/necessary等。

It’s important for students to study English well.

对于学生们来说,学好英语很重要。

基本语法

一般过去时态(一)

一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作等,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除be动词的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没有人称的变化。

1. 动词过去式的构成

1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed

stay—stayed " "help—helped " "visit—visited

2) 以不发音的e结尾的动词加-d

like—liked " "live—lived

3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed

stop—stopped " "plan—planned

4) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed

study—studied " "worry—worried

2. 不规则动词的过去式

am/is—was " "are—were " "have—had

go—went " "find—found " "do—did " "see—saw

3. 巧记不规则动词的过去式

1) 动词过去式与原形一样

put→put " "let→let " "read→read " "cut→cut " "hurt→hurt

2) 动词过去式以-ought结尾

think→thought " "buy→bought " "bring→brought " "fight→fought

3) 动词过去式以-aught结尾

teach→taught " "catch→caught

4) 动词原形末尾的-ow/-aw,大多数变为-ew

know→knew " "grow→grew " "throw→threw " "draw→drew

5) 将动词原形中的ee变为e,词尾加-t

keep→kept " "feel→felt " "sleep→slept " "sweep→swept

6) 将动词原形末尾的-d变为-t

build→built " "lend→lent " "send→sent " "spend→spent

7) 将动词原形中的i改为a或o

ring→rang " "sit→sat " "drink→drank " "sing→sang " "swim→swam " "begin→began " "give→gave " "ride→rode drive→drove " "write→wrote

Unit 12 "What did you do last weekend?

重点词汇

1. natural "adj. "自然的

Typhoo is a natural disaster.

台风是自然灾害。

2. tired "adj. "疲倦的;疲劳的

You look so tired!

你看起来很累!

be/get tired of "厌倦;厌烦

She got tired of watching TV all day.

她对整天看电视感到厌烦。

tiring "adj. "使人疲劳的

常用来修饰物;而tired常用来修饰人。

It was a tiring day and she felt very tired.

这是累人的一天,她感觉很累。

3. stay "v. "停留;待

Stay here till I get home.

我回来之前留在这儿。

4. shout "v. "呼叫;喊叫

Stop shouting at me!

别对我大呼小叫!

5. surprise "n. "惊讶;惊奇 " "v. "使吃惊

I got a terrible surprise.

我被吓了一大跳。

s

1) in surprise "吃惊

She looked at me in surprise.

她吃惊地看着我。

2) to one’s surprise "令某人惊奇的是

To our surprise, the old man is still learning English.

令我们惊奇的是,这位老人还在学习英语。

6. move "v. "移动

She helped me move the heavy box.

她帮我挪了挪那个重箱子。

7. start "v. "开始;着手

He starts study at 8 o’clock in the evening.

他晚上8点开始学习。

8. wake "v. "弄醒;醒

1) wake...up "把……弄醒

The noise woke me up.

那响声把我吵醒了。

注意:如果wake...up的宾语是代词,必须把代词放中间。

2) wake up还可意为“醒来”,此时其后不接宾语。

I usually wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning.

我早上通常6点醒来。

常用词组

stay up late "深夜不睡;熬夜

fly a kite "放风筝

high school "中学

up and down "上上下下;起伏

重要句型

1. What did sb do? "……刚才做了……?

2. Who did sb do with? "……和……一起做了……?

基本语法

一般过去时态(二)

一、一般过去时的各种句式

1. be动词的一般过去时

肯定句:Sb was/were...

否定句:Sb was/were + not...

一般疑问句:Was/Were sb...?

(过去时一般疑问句的简略回答为“Yes,sb was/were”或“No,sb wasn’t/weren’t”。)

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + sb...?

2. 实义动词的一般过去时

肯定句:sb + 动词过去式……

否定句:sb did not + 动词原形……

一般疑问句:Did sb + 动词原形……?

(该类过去时一般疑问句的简略回答为“Yes,sb did”或“No,sb didn’t”。)

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did sb + 动词原形...?/特殊疑问词 + 动词过去式...?

二、一般过去时的判断

1. 当句中出现表示过去的时间状语时

1) yesterday morning, at five o’clock yesterday;

2) last week, last year, last Sunday afternoon;

3) 一段时间+ago,表示“(多久)以前”,如:ten years ago。

4)表示过去的时间短语,如:in the 1990s/ on May 1st 1892, in the old days等。

2. 根据句意确知某一动作发生在过去

Edison invented many useful things. 爱迪生发明过许多有用的东西。

3. 句中出现时间、让步或结果状语从句时,主句用过去时,从句也用过去时。

The man drank some water after he got up in the morning.

他早上起床后会喝些水。