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with复合结构高频考点透析

2015-04-23莫芳蕊

求学·理科版 2015年4期
关键词:被动形容词宾语

莫芳蕊

with复合结构是高中教材的重难点,历来也是高考的高频考点,我们首先来看一下近年来湖北英语高考原题及仿真题:

1. (2014年湖北重点高中联考)The TV entertainment program, The Voice of China, enjoys great popularity, with a large audience ____in its live show.

综艺节目《中国好声音》很受欢迎,很多观众沉浸在现场表演中。

答案:lost

2. (2012年湖北卷)With_____, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.

由于越来越多的森林被砍伐,一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。

答案:more and more forests/trees (being) cut down

3. (2011年湖北卷)____________(把钥匙握在手上),he looked for them everywhere.

他把钥匙握在手上,四处寻找他们。

答案:With the keys held in his hand

这三道题都是考查with复合结构,这个结构在近十年来全国各地高考中多次出现。例如:

1.(2012年海南卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather_____.

A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit

答案:A

2.(2009年全国新课标卷I)Now that weve disc-ussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ____?

A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take

答案:C

3. (2008年福建卷)You have no idea how she finished the race ____ her foot wounded so much.

A. for B. when C. with D. while

答案:C

with复合结构是高中阶段英语语法的一个难点。正确使用此结构,不但可以使句子简洁明了,还可以增强语言表现力。下面就with结构的构成及功能进行简要回顾,并就考生常犯的错误进行点拨。

with复合结构的构成及功能

1. with+宾语+现在分词(现在分词表示动作正在进行)

With the expense of living rising sharply nowadays, many newly-married couples cant afford a house of their own without their parentsaid. 随着生活成本的攀升,许多新婚夫妻若没有父母的帮助则无法支付一套属于自己的房子的费用。(做原因状语)

2. with+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动完成)

The plane was flying smoothly, with every passenger fastened to safety belt.飞机平稳飞行,每位乘客都系着安全带。(做方式状语)

It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished. 遗憾的是,那位大作家去世了,留下了未完成的作品。(做结果状语)

3. with+宾语+to do(动词不定式表示将要做的动作)

With a lot of work to do, the president is having a hard time. 有许多事情亟待解决,总统的处境十分艰难。(做原因状语)

4. with+宾语+形容词(表示状态)

The students raised their heads with eyes full of curiosity. 学生们抬起头,眼里充满好奇。(做伴随状语)

5.with+宾语+副词(表示状态)

The son of the vegetable-seller was doing his homework on the street attentively with all the noise on. 尽管街上嘈杂不断,菜贩的儿子仍然专心地做作业。(做伴随状语)

6.with+宾语+介词短语(表示状态)

We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 没有周围的动物和植物,人类就无法生存。(做条件状语)

7. with+宾语+名词(表示状态)

Her parents died of the car accident with herself an orphan. 她的父母死于意外车祸,她成了孤儿。(做结果状语)

避开解题陷阱

在with复合结构中,对非谓语动词的考查是高考中最常见的,对此我们可以这样考虑:with sth doing表示主动,with sth done表示被动,with sth to do表示动作将要发生,考生只要弄清楚逻辑主语,就可以做出正确判断。接下来结合具体考题谈谈考生最容易走入的四大解题陷阱。

问题1:辨析doing和done

例1 (2014年武汉重点中学一模)When Lisa stood before the audience, she felt very uneasy with _______ her.

当莉萨站在观众面前的时候,由于所有人的目光都聚集在她的身上,让她感到很不自在。

学生错解:all (the) eyes focusing on

正确答案:all (the) eyes focused on

答案解析:这道题的得分率很低,因为考生往往是从汉语的角度理解,没有根据地道的英语表达来做题。许多考生认为,“所有人的目光都聚集在她的身上”,这不是一个主动句吗?为什么答案是all (the) eyes focused on,用被动了呢?其实,表示主动还是被动,这要看非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系,而不要被汉语思维束缚。本题的逻辑主语eyes和非谓语动词focus是被动关系,因为我们说focus ones eyes on sb/sth,所以正确答案应为all (the) eyes focused on。

例2 (2014年湖北省重点高中模拟)With _____, his family continues to support him in every way.

他的梦想实现了,他的家庭继续在各个方面支持他。

学生错解:his dream come true

正确答案:his dream coming true

答案解析:考生在做题时易受汉语思维影响,实现梦想,很多考生理解为“梦想被实现”,所以就出现了his dream come true这种错误答案。come true是一个不及物动词短语,是没有被动语态的,我们说“他的梦想实现了”,英语表达为His dream came/comes true.

巩固练习

1.With a government health warning ________cigarette packets, smokers have to think twice when they are to light a cigarette. (attach)

烟盒上附着政府的健康警告,抽烟者在即将点燃一支烟时,不得不三思。

2. I showed him a map of China in the Ming Dynasty _______on it. (draw)

我给他看了一张明朝时的中国地图,所有的边界都画在上面。

答案:1. attached to 2. with all boundaries drawn

问题2:辨析doing和to do

例3 With the newly-elected president ________, most Americans think that things will change for the better. (come)

随着新总统上台,大多数美国人都认为事情会往好的方向发展。

学生错解:to come to power

正确答案:coming into/to power

答案解析:审题是做题的第一步,但这也是最容易被考生忽略的地方。譬如此题“随着新总统上台”,题意是总统已经上台了,可考生认为是即将上台,错写成to come to power。

例4 (2015年湖北省宜昌适应考) With the population increasing in this city, it is suggested that a new water supply plant be built up, with the government ____. (provide)

由于人口不断增长,大家建议在这个城市建一个新的供水厂,资金将由政府提供。

学生错解:providing money/fund (for it)

正确答案:to provide money/fund (for it)

答案解析:题目的意思是在这个城市建一个新的供水厂,这只是一个建议,供水厂尚未建设,所以资金还没有到位。考生的理解是,资金由政府提供,providing money/ fund (for it)指资金已经到位了,且正在进行,而to provide money/fund (for it)指资金没有到位。所以意思判断明了后,考生要弄清楚to do和doing的区别。

巩固练习

1. With lots of old houses ______and new buildings going up, out city is taking on a quite new look. (tear)

随着大量旧房子的拆除和新房子的建立,我们的城市正呈现出崭新的面貌。

2. With ________, she found herself in a desperate situation then. (turn)

没有人可让她求助,她发现自己当时陷入了绝境。

答案:1. (being) torn down 2. no one / nobody to turn to

问题3:错把形容词当动词

例5 (2014年湖北省孝感第一次统考)With _____, the board cannot make the final decision. (absent)

由于有几名成员缺席会议,董事会无法做出最终决定。

学生错解:Several members being absent from the meeting/ Several members absenting from the meeting

正确答案:Several members absent from the meeting

答案解析:首先结合上文来复习一下复合宾语为形容词的结构:The students raised their heads with eyes full of curiosity. 学生们抬起头,眼里充满好奇。这个结构中形容词前没有加being,形容词直接接在with宾语之后。此题考生把absent当作动词,属于对单词词性掌握不扎实。

巩固练习

With a lot of VIPs from overseas __________, the annual meeting attracted a lot of media and journalists. (present)

有很多来自海外的重要人物与会,这个年会吸引了不少媒体和记者。

答案:present at the meeting

问题4:遗漏介词

例6 (2015年荆门模拟)With ____, some students feel at loss when filling out college application. (choose)

在填报大学入学志愿时,由于有许多大学可供选择,很多学生感觉不知所措。

学生错解:many colleges / universities to choose

正确答案:many colleges / universities to choose from

答案解析:本题题意为choose one from many colleges / universities,但是不少考生理不清这层关系,可以温习类似的句型加深体会,例如In Walmart , we have a lot of goods to choose from. In the shoe shop, there are a lot of shoes to choose from.

巩固练习

With ____________________, he decided to live a cozy life.( live)

答案:a large house to live in

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