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252例结直肠癌患者胸苷酸合成酶基因多态性分析

2015-03-21金晓波彭南求宁波市明州医院浙江宁波3504上海赛安生物医药科技有限公司卫生部医药卫生科技发展研究中心肿瘤个体化治疗分子诊断技术研究基地上海20900

国际检验医学杂志 2015年3期
关键词:多态性基因型直肠癌

金晓波,彭南求(.宁波市明州医院,浙江 宁波 3504;2.上海赛安生物医药科技有限公司,卫生部医药卫生科技发展研究中心肿瘤个体化治疗分子诊断技术研究基地,上海 20900)

252例结直肠癌患者胸苷酸合成酶基因多态性分析

金晓波1,彭南求2△
(1.宁波市明州医院,浙江 宁波 315104;2.上海赛安生物医药科技有限公司,卫生部医药卫生科技发展研究中心肿瘤个体化治疗分子诊断技术研究基地,上海 201900)

目的分析结直肠癌患者脑苷酸合成酶(TS)基因多态性,以期能为结直肠癌的个体化治疗提供指导。方法采用PCR测序的方法分析252例结直肠癌患者TS基因多态性。结果共检测了252例结直肠癌患者,其中男137例、女115例。男性患者TS基因型主要为3RG/3RC(36.50%),其次是2RC/3RC和3RG/3RG(各占18.25%)。女性患者基因型也主要是3RG/3RC(36.52%),其次是3RG/3RG(26.09%)。28例年轻患者中,基因型主要为3RG/3RC(42.86%),其次是2RC/3RG(21.43%);84例中年患者中,基因型主要为3RG/3RC(45.24%),其次是2RC/3RC(16.67%);115例老年患者中,基因型主要为3RG/3RC(36.52%),其次是2RC/3RG(16.52%)。结论结直肠癌患者TS基因多态性检测中发现的主要基因型为3RG/3RC。

结直肠癌; 胸苷酸合成酶; 基因多态性

结直肠癌是常见的高危害消化道恶性肿瘤,发生率仅次于胃癌和食道癌。全球每年新发病例超过100万,年死亡数超过50万。中国每年新发病例已超过17万,死亡近10万。近二十年来结直肠癌的发病率在逐渐增加,同时,其发病年龄正趋向老龄化。一般而言,结直肠癌多在60~70岁发病,50岁以下的患者所占比例不到20%。中国患者的发病年龄多在40~60岁,中位发病年龄比欧美约提前10年,高峰在50岁左右,但30岁以下的结直肠癌患者也比欧美多见[1-3]。胸苷酸合成酶(TS)参与DNA的合成,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)主要通过抑制TS而发挥抗肿瘤的作用。TS基因多态性造成TS蛋白表达和功能的差异,影响5-FU化疗有效性。TS基因启动增强子区5′端的一个28bp的序列可发生2~3次的重复(2R/3R)多态性,影响TS基因的转录水平。3R将导致TS基因表达增加,TS活性提高。2R纯合子和2R/3R杂合子有临床生存期的显著提高,而3R纯合子无生存获益[4]。在3R/3R情况下,如果第二个重复中的第12个碱基同时存在G>C的多态性,将使TS表达量降低至2R水平[5],5-FU的疗效较好[6]。本研究采用PCR-测序法研究了252例中国人结直肠癌肿瘤血液标本中TS的基因多态性,同时比较了不同性别和年龄群体中TS基因突变频率的差异,以期能为5-氟尿嘧啶的使用提供参考依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 标本来源 本研究使用的临床样本来自全国上百家三级医院,包括252例血液标本。所有参与本研究的结直肠癌患者或其家属均签署过授权给上海赛安生物医药科技有限公司进行TS基因检测的知情许可同意书。所有标本均为抽取2mL外周血,置于EDTA抗凝管中,低温保存和运输。

1.2 仪器与试剂 实验使用的Pfu酶、dNTP购自上海申能博彩生物科技有限公司,DNA提取试剂盒购自Axygen Scientific公司,所使用的PCR仪则购自杭州博日科技有限公司,离心机购自湘仪离心机仪器有限公司,PCR产物序列测定由上海鼎安生物科技有限公司完成。

1.3 方法 基因组DNA的提取按照试剂盒说明书进行。TS基因多态性检测采用PCR测序法,用primer5软件进行引物设计,由英潍捷基(上海)贸易有限公司合成。检测步骤为:(1)PCR扩增,正向引物:GTG GCT CCT GCG TTT CCC CC,反向引物:GCT CCG AGC CGG CCA CAG GCA TGG CGC GG,扩增产物片段大小为242bp。25L扩增体系包括2.5L10× PCR缓冲液0.4mol/L的上、下游引物,0.25mmol/L的dNTP,0.5UPfu酶,100ng DNA模板。PCR扩增程序为95℃先变性3min,然后进行45个循环的扩增:95℃40s,58℃20s,70℃40s,最后在72℃延伸5min。(2)PCR产物纯化测序,由上海鼎安生物科技有限公司完成。

2 结 果

2.1 PCR产物测序结果 采用PCR的方法,检测TS基因多态性,其代表性结果见附图1(见《国际检验医学杂志》网站主页“论文附件”)。

2.2 结直肠癌患者TS基因型分布 本研究共检测了252例结直肠癌患者,其中男137例、女115例。男性患者TS基因型主要为3RG/3RC,占36.50%,其次是2RC/3RC和3RG/3RG,各占18.25%;女性患者基因型也主要是3RG/3RC,占36.52%,其次是3RG/3RG,占26.09%;28例年轻患者中,基因型主要为3RG/3RC,占42.86%,其次是2RC/3RG,占21.43%;84例中年患者中,基因型主要为3RG/3RC,占45.24%,其次是2RC/3RC,占16.67%;115例老年患者中,基因型主要为3RG/3RC,占36.52%,其次是2RC/3RG,占16.52%。2RC/2RG是一种罕见的基因型,252例患者中仅在女性老年患者中发现1例。见表1。

3 讨 论

TS催化dUMP转变成dTMP,它是胸苷酸唯一的从头合成途径[7]。TS*3R基因多态性在不同种族中的分布频率存在差异,肯尼亚人是49%,高加索人是55%,中国人是82%[8],土耳其人是58%[9]。有文献报道了在3′UTR发现了另外一个多态性TS 1494del6位点[10],这个多态性在美国白人中的分布频率是71%,在中国华北和华南的分布频率分别是32.0%和30.9%[11]。基因多态性存在种族差异,可能是由于遗传和生存环境的不同造成的。最新的研究表明,相比较于3R基因型,2R基因型个体更容易罹患结直肠癌,而TS 1494del6则没有影响[12]。Zhou等[13]的Meta分析也支持这一个观点,2R/2R基因型的亚洲人更容易罹患癌症,而对于高加索人来讲,这种基因型反而有保护作用。有研究发现,TS 1494del6会导致TS mRNA表达水平的减少,这个多态性可能和mRNA的稳定性和翻译有关[14-15],携带ins 6bp/ins 6bp基因型患者TS mRNA表达水平是纯合删除基因型(del 6bp/del 6bp)的4倍,而杂合基因型(del 6bp/ins 6bp)则位于中间。

Thomas等[16]在高加索人TS的第一个重复中发现了一个稀有的单核苷酸多态性(SNP),这个SNP在非裔美国人亚洲人中都没有被发现,它和TS的关系需要更多的研究来证明。他们还在3RC等位基因中发现了6bp的插入,在高加索人和非裔美国人中的频率分别是0.4%和1.3%,这个多态性最早是在日本人中发现的,出现频率是0.6%[17],至于6bp的插入对TS功能的影响目前还不清楚。

TS是广泛使用的化疗药5-FU的靶点。5-FU治疗的致死率是0.5%,引发3-4级毒性副反应的概率是20%~30%[18-22]。对这个药物相关的一些基因如TS多态性进行分析被认为可以有效地预测不良反应和治疗结果,Lecomte等[23]研究发现,2R/2R、2R/3R、3R/3R基因型患者发生3~4级毒性反应的概率分别是43%、18%、3%,单倍型2R/ins 6bp患者有严重的不良反应。因此,TS基因型有可能可以作为基于5-FU化疗不良反应预测的指标,从而指导医生个体化用药。也有研究认为TS的基因多态性并不能预测5-FU治疗Ⅲ期结肠癌的疗效,然而,年龄会影响TS的基因多态性对生存的作用[24]。

叶酸是一个重要的微量营养素分子,参与DNA的合成、甲基化和修复。TS不仅在DNA复制和修复中提供需要的核苷酸方面发挥重要的作用,而且在叶酸代谢中也起着很重要的作用[8,10,25]。Trinh等[26]研究发现,TS 3R/3R基因型和血浆叶酸减少相关,而低叶酸水平则会增加罹患结直肠癌的风险[27-28]。

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Polymorphism analysis of thymidylate synthase in 252 colorectal cancer patients

Jin Xiaobo1,Peng Nanqiu2△
(1.Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital,Ningbo,Zhejiang315104,China;2.Shanghai Shines Pharmaceuticals Company Limited/Research Base of Molecular Diagnosis Technology for Tumor Personalized Therapy,Development Center for Medical Science and Technology,Ministry of Health,Shanghai 201900,China)

ObjectiveTo analyze the polymorphism of thymidylate synthase(TS)in colorectal cancer patients,further more,to provide guidance for personalized therapy of colorectal cancer.MethodsPCR direct sequencing was used to detect the polymorphism of TS in 252patients with colorectal cancer.ResultsTS genotypes of 252patients with colorectal cancer were detected totally,including 137male and 115female.3RG/3RC accounted for the largest proportion in both male and female(36.50%and 36.52% respectively).In female,2RC/3RC and 3RG/3RG both accounted for the second largest proportion(both 18.25%).While in female,3RG/3RC accounted for the second largest proportion(26.09%).If patients were divided according to age groups,in youth patients(n=28),3RG/3RC accounted for the largest proportion(42.86%),and the second was 2RC/3RG(21.43%).In the middle aged patients(n=84),3RG/3RC(45.24%)and 2RC/3RC(16.67%)were the major genotypes.For old patients(n=115),the major genotypes were 3RG/3RC(36.52%)and 2RC/3RG(16.52%).ConclusionThe polymorphism of TS are mainly 3RG/3RC in colorectal cancer patients.

colorectal cancer; thymidylate synthase; polymorphism

10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2015.03.026

A

1673-4130(2015)03-0347-03

2014-11-08)

金晓波,男,检验技师,主要从事分子诊断学的相关研究。△

,E-mail:nqpeng@163.com。

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