介词不同差异大
2015-02-10刘颖刘鹏
刘颖 刘鹏
介词是英语词类大家族的成员之一,它经常被人们所忽略,然而它却是英语短语或句子结构的重要组成部分。在一些相似的英语短语中,由于介词的不同,其含义差别很大,现列举如下:
1. be strict with与be strict in
(1) be strict with意为“对某人要求严格”,介词with之后必须接“人”。
例如:
As a student,I must be strict with myself. (作为一名学生,我必须严格要求自己。)
(2) be strict in意为“对某事要求严格”,介词in之后须跟“物”。
例如:
We must be strict in our work. (我们对自己的工作必须严格要求。)
2. lie in,lie to和lie on
(1) lie in+方位,指某地方的位置在介词in后宾语所指的范围之内,前者与后者有所属关系。
例如:
Beijing lies in the north of China. (北京位于中国的北部。)
(2) lie to+方位,指某地的位置在介词to后宾语所指的范围之外,两者无所属关系。
例如:
Japan lies to the east of China. (日本位于中国的东部。)
(3) lie on+方位,表示某地的位置与介词on后的宾语所指的位置相邻,两者无所属关系。
例如:
Shandong lies on the east of Shanxi. (山东位于山西的东部。)
3. look for,look at,look up,look out和look over
(1) look for意为“寻找”。
例如:
He is looking for his pen. (他正在找他的钢笔。)
(2) look at意为“看”。
例如:
Please look at the blackboard. (请看黑板。)
(3) look up意为“查找”。
例如:
You should look up the new word in your dictionary. (你应该在你的字典里查一查这个生单词。)
(4) look out意为“注意、小心”。
例如:
Look out!Here comes the bus. (注意!车过来了。)
(5) look over意为“查看、检查”。
例如:
The doctor is looking over the little boy now. (现在,医生正在给小男孩做检查。)
4. be careful with与be careful of
(1) be careful with意为“在……方面认真、在……方面细心”。
例如:
You must be careful with your homework. (你必须认真做家庭作业。)
(2) be careful of意为“当心、注意”,相当于pay attention to。
例如:
He warned us to be careful of snake. (他警告我们要当心蛇。)
5. by the end of,at the end of和in the end of
(1) by the end of意为“到……末为止”,其后接表示时间的名词时,如果时间名词是表示过去的时间,谓语动词要用过去完成时。
例如:
By the end of this week,We had learned three English songs. (到这个周末,我们已经学了三首英语歌了。)
(2) at the end of意为“在……尽头、在……结束的时候”,后可接地点,也可接时间,如果后接表示过去的时间,句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时态;如果接地点,句中谓语动词常用将来时态。
例如:
I went to see my friend at the end of last week. (我上周末去看望了我的朋友。)
You will find the hospital at the end of the road. (在路的尽头你将会找到医院。)
(3) in the end意为“最后”,相当于finally,at last。
例如:
They have won the football match in the end. (最后他们获得了足球比赛的胜利。)
6. be made of,be made from和be made in
(1) be made of意为“由……制成”,强调能从产品上看出原料。
例如:
The desk is made of wood. (桌子是用木头造的。)
(2) be made from意为“由……制造”,强调从产品上看不出原料。
例如:
Paper is made from grass. (纸是用草做的。)endprint
(3) be made in意为“在……地方制造”。
例如:
My pen is made in Weifang. (我的钢笔是潍坊造的。)
7. on ones way,in ones way和by the way
(1) on ones way意为“在……途中”。
例如:
On my way home I met my friend yesterday. (昨天我在回家的路上遇见了我的朋友。)
(2) in ones way意为“挡道”。
例如:
A truck was in our way yesterday. (昨天一辆卡车挡住了我们的路。)
(3) by the way意为“顺便说一下”。
例如:
By the way,do you know where Weifang is? (顺便问一下,你知道潍坊在哪里吗?)
8. by oneself,for oneself和to oneself
(1) by oneself意为“独自地、无助地”,强调某人单独做某事,而不需要别人帮助。
例如:
You must do your work by yourself. (你必须独自做你的工作。)
(2) for oneself意为“为自己的利益而做某事”。
例如:
They have built a house for themselves. (他们为自己建造了一幢房子。)
(3) to oneself意为“暗自、在心中”,常与talk,say,think等动词连用。
例如:
He said to himself that there was something wrong. (他想这其中有毛病。)
注意:say to oneself意为“在心里想”;talk/ speak to oneself意为“自言自语”。
9. be pleased with与be pleased at
(1) be pleased with意为“对……感到满意”,相当于be satisfied with。
例如:
Our teacher said he was pleased with our work. (我们的老师说,他对我们的工作很满意。)
(2) be pleased at意为“因……而高兴”。
例如:
I am pleased at hearing what you said. (听到你说的话我很高兴。)
10. give in与give up
(1) give in意为“让步、屈服”,用作不及物动词,其后不能跟宾语。
例如:
In the end the teacher had to give in. (最后这位老师不得不屈服。)
(2) give up意为“放弃、投降”,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,后接动词时一般要用动名词。
例如:
He didnt pass the exam,but he didnt give up. (尽管他考试没有及格,但是他没有放弃。)
11. be good at,be good to,be good for和be good with
(1) be good at意为“擅长”。
例如:
He is good at studying English. (他擅长学英语。)
(2) be good to意为“对……和善”。
例如:
Our teachers are very good to us. (我们的老师对我们很和蔼。)
(3) be good for意为“对……有益”。
例如:
It is good for our heath to eat more vegetables. (多吃蔬菜有益于我们的健康。)
(4) be good with意为“和……友好相处”。
例如:
We are good with our teachers. (我们和老师相处得很好。)
12. be angry with,be angry at和be angry about
(1) be angry with意为“生某人的气”。
例如:
My mother is often angry with me. (我妈妈经常生我的气。)
(2) be angry at意为“对某种行为生气”。
例如:
He is angry at what you did last week. (他对你上周所做的事感到生气。)
(3) be angry about意为“对某件事生气”。
例如:
He is often angry about something bad. (他经常对一些不好的事情感到生气。)
13. be on,be to和be in
(1) be on意为“正在发生、进行中”。
例如:
The meeting is on. (会议正在进行中。)endprint
(2) be to意为“去、来过某地”,介词之后接地点,如果是副词则不需要介词to。
例如:
He has been to Beijing. (他去过北京。)
He has been there. (他去过那儿。)
(3) be in表示“去、来某地了、在某地”,强调动作的状态。经常和表示时间的状语连用,介词之后接地点,如果是副词则不需要介词in。
例如:
My father has been in Shanghai for three years. (我父亲去上海三年了。)
She has been in our school since five years ago. (自从五年前,她就在我们学校。)
14. spend on,spend with和spend in
(1) spend on意为“在……花费时间、钱”。
例如:
I spent two hours on TV yesterday. (昨天我看了两个小时的电视。)
I spent three yuan on the book. (我买这本书花了三元钱。)
(2) spend with意为“和……度过”。
例如:
I spend two weeks with my friends last month. (上个月我和朋友们一起度过了两周的时间。)
(3) spend in意为“做……花费时间”。
例如:
The boy spent four hours in watching TV last night. (这个男孩昨天晚上看了四个小时的电视。)
15. stay at,stay with和stay up
(1) stay at意为“待在……地方”。
例如:
He always stays at home after school. (他放学后总是呆在家里。)
(2) stay with意为“和……待在一起”。
例如:
The little girl always stays with her mother. (这个小女孩总是和她的妈妈待在一起。)
(3) stay up意为“熬夜”。
例如:
My brother often stays up before having exam. (我哥哥在考试前经常熬夜。)
16. be popular with与be popular among
(1) be popular with意为“受……欢迎、喜欢”。
例如:
The teacher is always popular with her students. (这位老师深受学生们的喜爱。)
(2) be popular among意为“在……中受欢迎”。
例如:
His song is quite popular among the young. (他的歌在年轻人中相当流行。)
17. be famous for,be famous as和be famous to
(1) be famous for意为“以……而著名”。
例如:
China is famous for the Great wall. (中国以长城而著名。)
(2) be famous as意为“作为……而著名”。
例如:
The old man is famous as a teacher. (这位老人作为一名教师而出名。)
(3) be famous to意为“对……而著名”。
例如:
The Great Wall is famous to the people all over the world. (长城对全世界的人民来说很有名。)
18. hear from与hear of
(1) hear from意为“收到某人的来信”。
例如:
I often hear from my friend. (我经常收到朋友的来信。)
(2) hear of意为“听说”。
例如:
We ever heard of him. (我们曾经听说过他。)
19. think about与think over
(1) think about意为“考虑有关……;思考”。
例如:
She is thinking about a math problem. (她正在思考一个数学问题。)
(2) think over意为“认真考虑……”。
例如:
I was thinking a problem over carefully when he came in. (当他进来时,我正在认真考虑一个问题。)endprint