剖宫产术后晚期产后出血6例临床分析
2015-01-27冯冬丽464300河南省息县妇幼保健院妇产科
冯冬丽464300河南省息县妇幼保健院妇产科
剖宫产术后晚期产后出血6例临床分析
冯冬丽
464300河南省息县妇幼保健院妇产科
目的:探讨剖宫产术后晚期产后出血的特点及救治措施。方法:收治剖宫产术后晚期产后出血患者6例,分析其出血原因及治疗效果。结果:出血原因:蜕膜残留1例,子宫复旧不良1例,子宫切口感染1例,子宫切口愈合不良3例。2例患者采用宫缩剂、广谱抗生素治疗后未再出血,后经B超复查切开愈合良好;1例患者行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,术后未再出血;1例患者经剖腹探查,发现子宫切口左侧角部裂开,行全子宫切除术;2例患者行刮宫术;6例患者中进行输血治疗5例,输血量2~6个单位,所有患者均痊愈出院。结论:剖宫产术后晚期产后出血多发生在剖宫产1~2周,多数患者出现发热症状,宫缩剂、广谱抗生素治疗、子宫动脉栓塞术、刮宫术和全子宫切除术是治疗剖宫产术后晚期产后出血的主要手段。
剖宫产;晚期产后出血;特点;救治措施
晚期产后出血是指分娩结束24 h后发生的子宫大量出血,是导致产妇死亡的主要原因之一[1]。特别是当今剖宫产率呈上升趋势,因此剖宫产术后晚期产后出血率也明显升高。为探讨剖宫产术后晚期产后出血的特点及救治措施,对2012年1 月-2015年3月救治剖宫产术后晚期产后出血患者6例进行回顾性分析,现报告如下。
资料与方法
2012年1月-2015年3月收治剖宫产术后晚期产后出血患者6例,其中初产妇5例,经产妇1例,年龄23~32岁,平均26.4岁。患者主要表现为阴道大量出血,出血量均>500mL,最多可达2 000mL以上,来院就诊时,发生失血性休克1例,体温>38℃4例,血常规检查:白细胞增高4例,血红蛋白低于正常值,60~90 g/L,平均76.6 g/L。
剖宫产指征:胎儿窘迫2例,瘢痕子宫2例,巨大儿1例,胎盘前置1例。出血时间:发生在剖宫产术后3 d 1例,发生在1~2周4例,3周以上1例。
方法:分析出血原因及治疗效果。
结果
出血病因:本组6例患者均经彩超、病理检查,证实为剖宫产术后晚期产后出血。出血原因:蜕膜残留1例,子宫复旧不良1例,子宫切口感染1例,子宫切口愈合不良3例。
治疗方式及效果:2例患者采用宫缩剂、广谱抗生素治疗后未再出血,后经B超复查切开愈合良好;1例患者行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,术后未再出血;1例患者经剖腹探查,发现子宫切口左侧角部裂开,行全子宫切除术;2例患者行刮宫术;6例患者中进行输血治疗5例,输血量2~6个单位,所有患者均痊愈出院。
讨论
病因探讨:剖宫产术后晚期产后出血诊断的关键是寻找出血原因。剖宫产术后子宫切口愈合不良的发生可能与以下因素有关:①切口选择过高或过低。过低:宫颈侧以结缔组织为主,血液供应较差,组织愈合能力较差[3]。过高:切口上缘宫体肌组织与切口下段肌组织厚薄相差较大,缝合时不易对齐,影响愈合。②缝合技术不当:出血血管结扎松弛,尤其是切口两侧角血管回缩,形成血肿[4];有时缝扎组织过多过密,切口血循环供应不良,影响切口愈合。③子宫切口感染:生殖道病原微生物上行性感染致胎膜早破,继而引起切口感染[5]。另外,子宫复旧不良,蜕膜残留均可引起剖宫产术后晚期产后出血。
治疗:剖宫产术后晚期产后出血一般先行缩宫素、抗生素、输血等治疗。结合彩超检查作相应处理,疑有宫腔内残留或积血块或子宫复旧不良,可行清宫术。对于彩超提示子宫峡部混合型团块,见有血流回声,且出血量较多,应尽早行血管介入栓塞治疗,避免全子宫切除对产妇造成的痛苦。
综上所述,剖宫产术后晚期产后出血多发生在剖宫产1~2周,多数患者出现发热症状,宫缩剂、广谱抗生素治疗、子宫动脉栓塞术、刮宫术和全子宫切除术是治疗剖宫产术后晚期产后出血的主要手段。
[1] 石翠清.剖宫产术后晚期产后出血11例临床分析[J].吉林医学,2013,34(17):3338-3339.
[2] Rossen J,Okland I,Nilsen B.Is there an increase of postpartum hemorrhage,and is severe hemorrhage associated with more frequent use of obstetric interventions[J].Obstetrical Gynecological Survey,2011,(10):18.
[3] 柳佩珍,陆秀凤.剖宫产术后晚期产后出血31例临床分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2011,26 (26):4152-4153.
[4] 叶小姣,周剑.剖宫产产后出血的危险因素分析及急救对策[J].中国医师进修杂志, 2012,35(36):39-41.
[5] Elaine M,John T,Ngaire A.Maternal obesity and postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal and caesarean delivery among nulliparous woman at term:a retrospective cohort study [J].BMCPregnancy&Childbirth,2012,5:112.
Clinicalanalysisof 6 casesof late postpartum hemorrhageafter cesarean section
Feng Dongli
Obstetricsand Gynecology Department,theMaternaland Child Health HospitalofXiCounty,Henan Province 464300
Objective:To explore the features and treatmentmeasures of late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.Methods:6 patientswith late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section were selected.The causes ofblooding and the effectof the treatmentwere analyzed.Results:The causes ofhemorrhage:1 case of remnantof decidua,1 case of poor involution ofuterus,1 case of uterine incision infection,3 cases of uterine incision abnormal healing.2 patients were given oxytocin,broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy,bleeding stopped,healing with incision after B ultrasonic examination was good;1 patientwas given bilateral uterine arterial embolization,and there was no bleeding after operation;1 patientwas given laparotomy,and the left corner of the uterine incision was cracked,and then she was given hysterectomy;2 patients were given curettage;in the 6 patients,5 cases received blood transfusion,the amount of transfusion was 2 to 6 units,all patients were cured and discharged.Conclusion:The common time of late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section was at 1 to 2 weeks.Most patients had fever symptoms.uterotonic,broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy,uterine artery embolization,uterine curettage and hysterectomy resection were the primary treatments for late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.
Cesarean section;Late postpartum hemorrhage;Features;Treatmentmeasures
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.28.45