垂体腺瘤激素水平与手术疗效相关性研究
2014-12-25毛天明周开宇
毛天明 周开宇
[摘要] 目的 探讨垂体腺瘤激素水平与手术疗效相关性。 方法 分析2002年8月~2014年2月于我院就诊的419例垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料,分别测定术前、术后催乳素和生长激素水平,评估两种激素水平与手术疗效的关系。结果 术前血清PRL水平与垂体泌乳腺瘤术后疗效显著相关(P<0.01),随着术前血清催乳素水平的增高,患者术后疗效更差;而术前血清生长激素水平与垂体生长激素腺瘤术后疗效无相关性(P>0.05);术后无残留的垂体腺瘤患者术后血清催乳素和生长激素较术前显著降低(P<0.05),而术后有残留的腺瘤患者血清激素水平变化不显著(P>0.05),经方差分析,垂体泌乳腺瘤和生长激素腺瘤的两组患者组间、不同时点以及组间与不同时点的交互作用差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 术前血清PRL水平可作为判断患者术后疗效的指标,临床上手术切除肿瘤时需尽量避免瘤体残留。
[关键词] 垂体腺瘤;催乳素;生长激素;激素水平
[中图分类号] R736.4 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)33-0024-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the hormone levels and the surgical efficacy of pituitary adenoma. Methods Clinical data of 419 patients with pituitary adenoma treated in our hospital from August 2002 to February 2014 were analyzed and the preoperative and postoperative prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone levels were detected respectively. The correlation between the levels of two kinds of hormones and the surgical efficacy was evaluated. Results The preoperative serum PRL level and the postoperative efficacy of pituitary prolactin adenoma surgery was significantly related (P<0.01); As the preoperative serum PRL increased, the postoperative efficacy worsened. However, the serum growth hormone level and the postoperative efficacy of pituitary growth hormone adenoma surgery was not related (P>0.05). The postoperative serum PRL and growth hormone levels reduced significantly in the patients without postoperative residual (P<0.05), but the serum hormone levels did not change significantly in the patients with postoperative residual (P>0.05). Variance analysis showed that the pituitary prolactin adenoma group and the growth hormone adenoma group were statistically different between groups, at different time points and regarding to the interaction effect of groups and time points (P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative serum PRL levels can serve as the indicators of determining postoperative efficacy and clinical tumor excision should avoid tumor residual.
[Key words] Pituitary adenoma; Prolactin; Growth hormone; Hormone levels
垂体腺瘤是颅内鞍区常见的肿瘤之一,常发生于垂体前叶、后叶及咽管的上皮细胞。该病临床症状明显,约占全部颅内肿瘤的10%,多见于女性,好发于青壮年。由于该肿瘤主要由垂体细胞异常增殖引起,而垂体前叶具备分泌催乳激素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)等功能,因此,垂体腺瘤患者颅内激素水平常会发生一定的变化[1]。垂体腺瘤大多数为良性,但少数患者肿瘤呈恶性,恶性肿瘤通常呈侵袭性生长,向周围组织(如硬脑膜、海绵窦、神经动脉等)浸润,破坏周围组织,给临床治疗带来极大的困难[2,3]。近年来垂体腺瘤发病率呈逐年上升趋势,在临床上引起了广泛的关注[4]。
目前治疗垂体腺瘤的主要手段是手术治疗,但该病术后易复发,给患者带来了极大的痛苦。最近,国外相关研究报道,术前激素水平与垂体腺瘤的手术疗效密切相关,并且术后短期内激素水平可以预测术后疗效[5-7],但国内关于这方面的报道还比较少,相关报道并不充分[8-10]。因此本研究选取2002年8月~2014年2月于我院确诊的419例垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料,分别于术前和术后测定患者血清催乳素和生长激素水平,评估这两种激素水平与手术疗效的关系,拟为垂体瘤患者选取更有效的治疗方案和评估患者的预后提供依据。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
收集2002年8月~2014年2月期间419例于我院诊断为垂体腺瘤的患者的临床资料,全部患者均经内分泌检查和放射检查,且术后均经病理检查确诊。患者临床资料完全并且在入院前均未进行过手术或药物治疗,入院后经病理确诊PRL腺瘤285例,GH腺瘤134例。其中男198例,女221例,年龄18~75岁,平均(38.15±10.87)岁。
1.2 观察指标及血清激素的测定方法
观察比较患者术前、术中及术后1 d、3 d、7 d、15 d和6个月的血清PRL和GH水平。所有患者在入院后第二天清晨空腹采血,血样的激素水平由我院检验科统一采用放射免疫法进行测定。全部患者在术中、术后1 d、3 d、7 d、15 d和6个月时分别再次测定血清PRL和GH水平。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行处理,多变量分析运用Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,组内不同时点计量资料比较需要进行方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1垂体泌乳腺瘤的手术疗效
2.1.1垂体泌乳腺瘤患者术后疗效相关因素Logistic回归分析 对垂体泌乳腺瘤患者术后疗效有影响的因素可能有:性别(男,女)、年龄(0~30岁,30~50岁,50~70岁)、腺瘤直径(≤2.5 cm,>2.5 cm)、术前血清PRL水平[0~1.0 nmol/L,(1.0~4.5)nmol/L,(4.5~9.0)nmol/L,9.0 nmol/L~]、手术是否全切(是,否)。以上述指标为自变量,采取逐步回归法,不保留截距,进行Logistic回归分析。结果如表1所示,腺瘤直径、术前血清PRL水平和全切与术后疗效显著相关(P<0.01),其中肿瘤直径和术前PRL水平的β值>0,Exp(β)>1,说明这两个因素会降低手术治疗效果,增加术后复发的风险,手术全切的β<0,Exp(β)<1,说明手术全切可以提高手术疗效,降低术后复发的风险。其他因素如性别、年龄与术后疗效无显著相关性(P>0.05),见表1。
2.1.2垂体泌乳腺瘤患者手术前后血清泌乳素浓度的比较 285例泌乳腺瘤患者中行手术治疗后,195例患者经CT以及MRI检查未发现有残留,90例患者术后CT或MRI发现瘤组织有残留。术后干净组患者,术后血清催乳素水平显著降低(P<0.05),术后存在残留的患者,术后血清催乳素浓度与术前相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。组间、不同时点以及组间与不同时点的交互作用均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
2.2垂体生长激素腺瘤的手术疗效
2.2.1 生长激素腺瘤术后疗效相关因素的logistic回归分析 对GH腺瘤患者术后疗效有影响的主要因素可能有:性别(男,女)、年龄(0~30岁,30~50岁,50~70岁)、腺瘤直径(<2.5 cm,>2.5 cm)、术前血清GH水平(≥11.5,4.65~11.5,≤4.65 nmol/L)、手术是否全切(是,否)。以上述指标为自变量,采取逐步回归法,不保留截距,进行Logistic回归分析。结果如表3所示,腺瘤直径和全切与GH腺瘤术后疗效显著相关(P<0.01),其中肿瘤直径的β>0,Exp(β)>1,说明该因素会降低手术治疗效果,增加术后复发的风险,手术全切的β<0,Exp(β)<1,说明手术全切可以提高手术疗效,降低术后复发的风险。其他因素如性别、年龄与术后疗效无显著相关性(P>0.05)。
2.2.2垂体生长激素腺瘤患者手术前后血清生长激素浓度的比较 134例生长激素腺瘤患者中行手术治疗后,70例患者经CT以及MRI检查未发现有残留,患者术中、术后血清生长激素浓度显著低于术前(P<0.05),另有64例患者术后CT或MRI发现瘤组织有残留,患者术后血清生长激素浓度与术前相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。组间、不同时点以及组间与不同时点的交互作用均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表4。
3 讨论
垂体是人体的一个内分泌器官,生理条件下能够分泌催乳激素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)等一系列激素,垂体腺瘤常常伴随着患者体内激素的失调[11-13]。目前垂体腺瘤在临床的发病人群年龄主要集中在50~70岁,治疗方法主要为手术治疗。尽管手术技术及条件日趋改善,但患者的术后复发率依旧很高。国外相关研究指出,PRL腺瘤在术后4~5年的复发率可高达33%,提示我们要关注患者的预后[13]。最近,有研究报道,垂体腺瘤患者激素水平与患者术后的短期和长期疗效均相关,临床上可以通过测定患者术前和术后激素水平以评估手术疗效以及预后[14],但此方面的研究还比较少,相关研究还不充分[8]。因此,本研究选取2002年8月~2014年2月于我院就诊的垂体腺瘤患者419例,探讨激素水平与手术疗效的相关性,为临床上评价垂体腺瘤治疗效果提供依据。
本实验结果显示,对泌乳腺瘤来说,腺瘤直径、术前血清PRL水平和全切与术后疗效显著相关(P<0.01),而性别、年龄与术后疗效无显著相关性(P>0.05),对GH腺瘤来说,腺瘤直径和全切与GH腺瘤术后疗效显著相关(P<0.01),而性别、年龄与术后疗效无显著相关性(P>0.05),肿瘤直径越小,术中选择全切,可以提高手术疗效,考虑原因可能为肿瘤直径越小,术中全切更能彻底地清除肿瘤组织,术后疗效也会更好[15],但本研究并未发现血清生长激素水平与术后疗效具有相关性,考虑可能是由于入组病例较少所致。本研究还发现,与术前相比,手术治疗后患者血清PRL和GH水平均显著降低,而手术切除不完全的患者则相应激素下降不明显,原因可能是由于腺瘤全部切除后,分泌激素的细胞全被清除,激素水平也随之显著下降,而切除不完全的患者体内,术后剩余的少量腺瘤细胞增殖指数会显著增高,肿瘤细胞及组织增长迅速,并释放大量激素,导致血清激素维持较高水平。因此激素水平可反映手术的切除程度,并反映手术的长期疗效[16,17]。提示临床医师在行腺瘤切除时要注意切除干净,从而提高手术的成功率。
总之,本研究认为,激素水平可以反映手术疗效并可用于患者的预后判断,因此动态监测患者的激素水平对垂体腺瘤的综合治疗以及手术疗效的评估有重大意义。但考虑到本实验病例少、观察时间短,因此需要更大样本的病例分析以及更长时间的随访研究,相信随着更进一步的研究,激素水平对手术疗效的评估以及预后的判断会更为准确。
[参考文献]
[1] Chone CT, Sampaio MH,Sakano E,et al. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas:preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases[J]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2014,80(2):146-151.
[2] 魏少波,周定标,张纪,等. 经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤[J]. 中国微侵袭神经外科杂志,2001,6(2):72-75.
[3] Bolanowski M,Zieliński G,Jawiarczyk-Przyby owska A,et al. Interesting coincidence of atypical TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J]. Endokrynol Pol,2014, 65(2):144-147.
[4] Gong YY,Liu YY,Yu S,et al. Ursolic acid suppresses growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in AtT20 cells as a potential agent targeting adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing pituitary adenoma[J]. Mol Med Rep,2014,9(6):2533-2539.
[5] Vozniak OM. Technical peculiarities of trans-sphenoidal surgical interventions for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma[J]. Klin Khir,2013,(10): 59-62.
[6] Rasul FT,Jaunmuktane Z,Khan AA,et al. Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with concomitant adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion:A report of two cases and review of the literature[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien),2014,156(1): 141-146.
[7] Beck-Peccoz P,Lania A,Beckers A,et al. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors[J]. Eur Thyroid J,2013, 2(2): 76-82.
[8] 范润金,任海波,张逵,等. 经鼻蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤疗效分析[J]. 肿瘤预防与治疗,2013,26(4):216-219.
[9] Hensley CP,Burlette J. A nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma in a patient with dizziness[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(5):364.
[10] Jain R, Dutta D, Shivaprasad K, et al. Acromegaly presenting as hirsuitism: Uncommon sinister aetiology of a common clinical sign[J]. Indian J Endocrinol Metab,2012,6(Suppl 2):s297-s299.
[11] Aquilina K, Boop FA. Nonneoplastic enlargement of the pituitary gland in children[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr,2011, 7(5):510-515.
[12] 郭英,李文胜,蔡梅钦,等. 全神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤72例临床分析[J]. 中华显微外科杂志,2012,35(5):364-366, 443.
[13] Bachelot A, Carré N, Mialon O, et al. The permissive role of prolactin as a regulator of luteinizing hormone action in the female mouse ovary and extragonadal tumorigenesis[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2013,305(7):e845-e852.
[14] Noh S,Kim DS,Kim J,et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in endoscopic biopsy: marked pinching artifacts by endoscopy[J]. Brain Tumor Pathol,2011,28(3):285-289.
[15] 冯铭,姚勇,邓侃,等. 经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术中肿瘤假包膜的意义[J]. 中华医学杂志,2013,93(35):2813-2815.
[16] Borgers AJ,Romeijn N,van Someren E,et al. Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with permanent shorter sleep duration in patients with pituitary insufficiency[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2011,75(3):347-353.
[17] Tulipano G, Faggi L, Losa M, et al. Effects of AMPK activation and combined treatment with AMPK activators and somatostatin onhormone secretion and cell growth in cultured GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol,2013,365(2):197-206.
(收稿日期:2014-06-04)
总之,本研究认为,激素水平可以反映手术疗效并可用于患者的预后判断,因此动态监测患者的激素水平对垂体腺瘤的综合治疗以及手术疗效的评估有重大意义。但考虑到本实验病例少、观察时间短,因此需要更大样本的病例分析以及更长时间的随访研究,相信随着更进一步的研究,激素水平对手术疗效的评估以及预后的判断会更为准确。
[参考文献]
[1] Chone CT, Sampaio MH,Sakano E,et al. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas:preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases[J]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2014,80(2):146-151.
[2] 魏少波,周定标,张纪,等. 经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤[J]. 中国微侵袭神经外科杂志,2001,6(2):72-75.
[3] Bolanowski M,Zieliński G,Jawiarczyk-Przyby owska A,et al. Interesting coincidence of atypical TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J]. Endokrynol Pol,2014, 65(2):144-147.
[4] Gong YY,Liu YY,Yu S,et al. Ursolic acid suppresses growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in AtT20 cells as a potential agent targeting adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing pituitary adenoma[J]. Mol Med Rep,2014,9(6):2533-2539.
[5] Vozniak OM. Technical peculiarities of trans-sphenoidal surgical interventions for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma[J]. Klin Khir,2013,(10): 59-62.
[6] Rasul FT,Jaunmuktane Z,Khan AA,et al. Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with concomitant adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion:A report of two cases and review of the literature[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien),2014,156(1): 141-146.
[7] Beck-Peccoz P,Lania A,Beckers A,et al. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors[J]. Eur Thyroid J,2013, 2(2): 76-82.
[8] 范润金,任海波,张逵,等. 经鼻蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤疗效分析[J]. 肿瘤预防与治疗,2013,26(4):216-219.
[9] Hensley CP,Burlette J. A nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma in a patient with dizziness[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(5):364.
[10] Jain R, Dutta D, Shivaprasad K, et al. Acromegaly presenting as hirsuitism: Uncommon sinister aetiology of a common clinical sign[J]. Indian J Endocrinol Metab,2012,6(Suppl 2):s297-s299.
[11] Aquilina K, Boop FA. Nonneoplastic enlargement of the pituitary gland in children[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr,2011, 7(5):510-515.
[12] 郭英,李文胜,蔡梅钦,等. 全神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤72例临床分析[J]. 中华显微外科杂志,2012,35(5):364-366, 443.
[13] Bachelot A, Carré N, Mialon O, et al. The permissive role of prolactin as a regulator of luteinizing hormone action in the female mouse ovary and extragonadal tumorigenesis[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2013,305(7):e845-e852.
[14] Noh S,Kim DS,Kim J,et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in endoscopic biopsy: marked pinching artifacts by endoscopy[J]. Brain Tumor Pathol,2011,28(3):285-289.
[15] 冯铭,姚勇,邓侃,等. 经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术中肿瘤假包膜的意义[J]. 中华医学杂志,2013,93(35):2813-2815.
[16] Borgers AJ,Romeijn N,van Someren E,et al. Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with permanent shorter sleep duration in patients with pituitary insufficiency[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2011,75(3):347-353.
[17] Tulipano G, Faggi L, Losa M, et al. Effects of AMPK activation and combined treatment with AMPK activators and somatostatin onhormone secretion and cell growth in cultured GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol,2013,365(2):197-206.
(收稿日期:2014-06-04)
总之,本研究认为,激素水平可以反映手术疗效并可用于患者的预后判断,因此动态监测患者的激素水平对垂体腺瘤的综合治疗以及手术疗效的评估有重大意义。但考虑到本实验病例少、观察时间短,因此需要更大样本的病例分析以及更长时间的随访研究,相信随着更进一步的研究,激素水平对手术疗效的评估以及预后的判断会更为准确。
[参考文献]
[1] Chone CT, Sampaio MH,Sakano E,et al. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas:preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases[J]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2014,80(2):146-151.
[2] 魏少波,周定标,张纪,等. 经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤[J]. 中国微侵袭神经外科杂志,2001,6(2):72-75.
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(收稿日期:2014-06-04)