预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁抗裂性能分析
2014-11-28程东辉张姝叶旭俞永志
程东辉+张姝+叶旭+俞永志
摘要:为开展预应力碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)布加固混凝土受弯构件时对正截面裂缝影响的研究,设计制作了配筋率不同的2组共计8根试验梁。在承受40%极限荷载的基础上利用预应力CFRP布对试验梁正截面进行加固,并完成其静载试验,获得混凝土受弯构件在前期加载和加固后的二次受力过程中弯曲段裂缝分布、裂缝宽度和高度的试验数据。在试验数据的基础上,通过理论分析,提出了与《混凝土结构设计规范》相协调的预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁弯曲段裂缝平均间距和最大裂缝宽度的计算公式。研究结果表明:二次受力过程中,预应力CFRP布能有效抑制裂缝的开展,且随着预拉应力的增加,裂缝平均间距和裂缝宽度均减小。
关键词:预应力CFRP布;配筋率;负载混凝土梁;抗裂性能;裂缝宽度
中图分类号:TU398文献标志码:A
0引言
碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)布是一种高强、耐腐蚀材料,对其施加预拉应力后可应用于混凝土工程的加固,能够有效避免混凝土构件在加固后的受力过程中出现CFRP布应力增长滞后于混凝土的应力增长,充分发挥CFRP布高强特性。目前各国学者已开展了一些有关预应力CFRP布加固混凝土构件的研究工作[19],但是对预应力CFRP布加固混凝土构件的研究工作尚主要集中于其承载力、锚固技术等方面,而对预应力技术应用于混凝土结构的另一个重要作用,即“延缓混凝土裂缝的出现和对裂缝宽度的抑制”这一方面的研究开展得较少。针对这一情况,本文中笔者基于前期试验数据[10],对预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁的裂缝宽度进行了研究,为预应力CFRP布加固混凝土构件耐久性的研究提供参考。
1试验概况
依据配筋率的不同将试验梁分成2组,每组4根,试验梁为矩形截面,如图1所示,截面尺寸为150 mm×280 mm,净跨为2.8 m,采用两点加载,加载点如图1(a)所示,其中,P为荷载。试验梁中1根为普通混凝土对比梁,其余3根预加载后在持荷状态下利用预应力CFRP布对加载点区段的梁底混凝土进行粘贴加固,然后继续加载直至试件破坏。试验梁相关参数如表1所示。
表2中给出了第Ⅰ,Ⅱ组试验梁各阶段承载力特征值及最大裂缝宽度和最大挠度。由表2可知,利用预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁正截面能较大幅度提高混凝土梁的承载力。
3.1裂缝平均间距
设裂缝间距为l,取出2条裂缝间的隔离体,如图5所示,其中,σc为混凝土抗拉强度,As为纵向受力钢筋截面积,Af为预应力CFRP布截面积,ft为混凝土抗拉强度实测值,σs1,σf1分别为第1条裂缝出现时纵向钢筋和预应力CFRP布实测拉应力,σs2,σf2分别为第2条裂缝出现时纵向钢筋和预应力CFRP布实测拉应力,τs为钢筋在长度l范围内与混凝土的平均粘结应力,τf为CFRP布在长度l范围内与混凝土的平均粘结应力。隔离体一端为已出现的第1条裂缝位置,如图5(a)所示的11截面,另一端为即将出现的第2条裂缝位置,如图5(a)所示的22截面。已出现裂缝处的11截面混凝土抗拉强度σc=0,仅钢筋与CFRP布受拉,其拉应力分别为σs1,σf1;即将出现裂缝的22截面,混凝土抗拉强度σc=ft,钢筋与CFRP布的拉应力分别为σs2,σf2。
由于式(7)与未加固混凝土梁的裂缝平均间距计算公式l=ftd14τsρte相似[12],ρte为受拉钢筋有效配筋率,ρte=As1Ate,Ate为受拉钢筋有效截面面积,将式(8)中CFRP布的面积Af转换为钢筋面积αEfAf,αEf为CFRP布弹性模量Ef与钢筋弹性模量Es的比值,可以看出变换后的式(8)在物理意义上与未加固梁中的ρte是相同的,为受拉区钢筋面积与梁截面有效受拉面积的比值。因此裂缝平均间距lm可按《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010,以下简称规范)中受弯构件的裂缝间距计算,即
由式(4)可知,粘结系数κ与CFRP布和钢筋的应变增量、截面面积有关。试验实测CFRP布和钢筋的应变增量见表4。由表4可以看出,CFRP布的应变增量与钢筋的应变增量协同增长,且增量比接近一个常数,本文中依据试验实测数据取极差不超过30%的数据平均值,即Δεf/Δεs=1.19。
利用试验实测裂缝平均间距ltest和式(9)~(11),可计算得γ,κ值,结果见表5。由表5可知,加固梁的实测裂缝平均间距ltest随CFRP布的张拉控制应力σcon的提高而减小,同时CFRP布的预应力施加程度也会对粘结系数κ产生影响。
采用非线性拟合工具软件1stOpt对表5中的粘结系数κ进行拟合,结果如图6所示。由此得出以αEfAfu/(Asbf)和λ为自变量的粘结系数κ的计算公式,即
3.2裂缝宽度计算
3.2.1钢筋应力分析
正常使用阶段,预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁裂缝截面处的钢筋应力如图7所示,其中,η为内力臂系数,h0为截面有效高度,as为钢筋合力点至CFRP布距离,M为加固后梁的弯矩,σs,σf分别为梁加固后二次受力时钢筋应力和CFRP布应力。
3.2.2钢筋应力不均匀系数
钢筋应力不均匀系数ψ是反映裂缝间混凝土参加受拉工作程度的影响系数,可按规范计算,即
3.2.3最大裂缝宽度
由于本次试验是在短期荷载作用下完成的,所以裂缝宽度计算不考虑长期荷载的影响,即
ωmax=τωm=0.85τψσs1Esl(20)
式中:ωmax为最大裂缝宽度;τ为裂缝扩大系数,取τ=1.66。
将式(9),(11)代入式(20)得
ωmax=1.41ψσs(1.9c+0.08d/ρte)1Es(1+γ)(21)
利用式(10),(12),(15),(16),(19),(21)可计算出最大裂缝宽度ωmax,结果见表7。由表7可知,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值吻合良好。4结语
(1)利用预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁正截面能较大幅度提高混凝土梁的承载力,在二次受力过程中,CFRP布与钢筋协同工作良好,在钢筋屈服前二者的应变增量基本一致。
(2)预应力CFRP布能有效抑制混凝土梁裂缝开展,且随着预拉应力的增加,裂缝平均间距和裂缝表7最大裂缝宽度计算值
(3)基于试验数据结果,建立了预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的设计计算公式,利用该计算公式对试验梁的裂缝宽度进行计算,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值吻合良好。参考文献:
References:[1]程东辉,王丽,于雁南.预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土方形截面短柱轴心受压试验[J].工业建筑,2013,43(1):4954.
CHENG Donghui,WANG Li,YU Yannan.Experiment of Axial Compression of Reinforced Concrete Short Squarecolumns Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Industrial Construction,2013,43(1):4954.
[2]程东辉,荣威,周威.预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁受剪性能试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(12):143148.
CHENG Donghui,RONG Wei,ZHOU Wei.Experimental Research of Shear Resistance Performance on Loaded Concrete Beam Reinforced with Prestressed CFRP Sheet in Diagonal Section[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(12):143148.
[3]叶列平,庄江波,曾攀,等.预应力碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土T形梁的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2005,35(8):712.
YE Lieping,ZHUANG Jiangbo,ZENG Pan,et al.Experimental Study on Reinforced Concrete Tbeams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Industrial Construction,2005,35(8):712.
[4]尚守平,彭晖,童桦,等.预应力碳纤维布材加固混凝土受弯构件的抗弯性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2003,24(5):2430.
SHANG Shouping,PENG Hui,TONG Hua,et al.Study of Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet[J].Journal of Building Structures,2003,24(5):2430.
[5]EIHACHA R,WIHGT R G,GREEN M F.Innovative System for Prestressing Fiberreinforced Polymer Sheets[J].ACI Structural Journal,2003,100(3):305313.
[6]WIGHT R G,GREEN M F,ERKI M A.Poststrengthening Concrete Beams with Prestressed FRP Sheets[C]//TAERWE L.Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Symposium on Nonmetallic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS2).London:E & FN Spon,1995:568575.
[7]WU Z,IWASHITA K, ISHIKAWA T,et al.Fatigue Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Externally Prestressed PBO Fiber Sheets[C]//TAN K H.Proceedings of Sixth International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS6).Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Company,2003:885894.
[8]梁炯丰,熊志斌,邓志平,等.预应力碳纤维布加固 RC 梁的受弯性能研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(4):105109.
LIANG Jiongfeng,XIONG Zhibin,DENG Zhiping,et al.Study on RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(4):105109.
[9]LEES J M,WINISTORFER A U,MEIER U.External Prestressed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps for Shear Enhancement of Concrete[J].Journal of Composites for Construction,2002,6(4):249256.
[10]程东辉,袁佳,张鹏.预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁试验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2012,28(6):9971003.
CHENG Donghui,YUAN Jia,ZHANG Peng.Experimental Research of Loaded Concrete Beams Reinforced with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University:Natural Science,2012,28(6):9971003.
[11]程东辉.预应力碳纤维布张拉装置:中国,201020240641.1[P].20110105.
CHENG Donghui.Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet Tensioning Device:China,201020240641.1[P].20110105.
[12]叶列平.混凝土结构:上册[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
YE Lieping.Concrete Structures:The First Volume[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
[13]庄江波,叶列平,鲍轶洲,等.CFRP布加固混凝土梁的裂缝分析与计算[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(1):8691.
ZHUANG Jiangbo,YE Lieping,BAO Yizhou,et al.Crack Width of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2006,36(1):8691.
利用式(10),(12),(15),(16),(19),(21)可计算出最大裂缝宽度ωmax,结果见表7。由表7可知,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值吻合良好。4结语
(1)利用预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁正截面能较大幅度提高混凝土梁的承载力,在二次受力过程中,CFRP布与钢筋协同工作良好,在钢筋屈服前二者的应变增量基本一致。
(2)预应力CFRP布能有效抑制混凝土梁裂缝开展,且随着预拉应力的增加,裂缝平均间距和裂缝表7最大裂缝宽度计算值
(3)基于试验数据结果,建立了预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的设计计算公式,利用该计算公式对试验梁的裂缝宽度进行计算,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值吻合良好。参考文献:
References:[1]程东辉,王丽,于雁南.预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土方形截面短柱轴心受压试验[J].工业建筑,2013,43(1):4954.
CHENG Donghui,WANG Li,YU Yannan.Experiment of Axial Compression of Reinforced Concrete Short Squarecolumns Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Industrial Construction,2013,43(1):4954.
[2]程东辉,荣威,周威.预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁受剪性能试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(12):143148.
CHENG Donghui,RONG Wei,ZHOU Wei.Experimental Research of Shear Resistance Performance on Loaded Concrete Beam Reinforced with Prestressed CFRP Sheet in Diagonal Section[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(12):143148.
[3]叶列平,庄江波,曾攀,等.预应力碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土T形梁的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2005,35(8):712.
YE Lieping,ZHUANG Jiangbo,ZENG Pan,et al.Experimental Study on Reinforced Concrete Tbeams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Industrial Construction,2005,35(8):712.
[4]尚守平,彭晖,童桦,等.预应力碳纤维布材加固混凝土受弯构件的抗弯性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2003,24(5):2430.
SHANG Shouping,PENG Hui,TONG Hua,et al.Study of Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet[J].Journal of Building Structures,2003,24(5):2430.
[5]EIHACHA R,WIHGT R G,GREEN M F.Innovative System for Prestressing Fiberreinforced Polymer Sheets[J].ACI Structural Journal,2003,100(3):305313.
[6]WIGHT R G,GREEN M F,ERKI M A.Poststrengthening Concrete Beams with Prestressed FRP Sheets[C]//TAERWE L.Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Symposium on Nonmetallic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS2).London:E & FN Spon,1995:568575.
[7]WU Z,IWASHITA K, ISHIKAWA T,et al.Fatigue Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Externally Prestressed PBO Fiber Sheets[C]//TAN K H.Proceedings of Sixth International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS6).Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Company,2003:885894.
[8]梁炯丰,熊志斌,邓志平,等.预应力碳纤维布加固 RC 梁的受弯性能研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(4):105109.
LIANG Jiongfeng,XIONG Zhibin,DENG Zhiping,et al.Study on RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(4):105109.
[9]LEES J M,WINISTORFER A U,MEIER U.External Prestressed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps for Shear Enhancement of Concrete[J].Journal of Composites for Construction,2002,6(4):249256.
[10]程东辉,袁佳,张鹏.预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁试验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2012,28(6):9971003.
CHENG Donghui,YUAN Jia,ZHANG Peng.Experimental Research of Loaded Concrete Beams Reinforced with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University:Natural Science,2012,28(6):9971003.
[11]程东辉.预应力碳纤维布张拉装置:中国,201020240641.1[P].20110105.
CHENG Donghui.Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet Tensioning Device:China,201020240641.1[P].20110105.
[12]叶列平.混凝土结构:上册[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
YE Lieping.Concrete Structures:The First Volume[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
[13]庄江波,叶列平,鲍轶洲,等.CFRP布加固混凝土梁的裂缝分析与计算[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(1):8691.
ZHUANG Jiangbo,YE Lieping,BAO Yizhou,et al.Crack Width of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2006,36(1):8691.
利用式(10),(12),(15),(16),(19),(21)可计算出最大裂缝宽度ωmax,结果见表7。由表7可知,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值吻合良好。4结语
(1)利用预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁正截面能较大幅度提高混凝土梁的承载力,在二次受力过程中,CFRP布与钢筋协同工作良好,在钢筋屈服前二者的应变增量基本一致。
(2)预应力CFRP布能有效抑制混凝土梁裂缝开展,且随着预拉应力的增加,裂缝平均间距和裂缝表7最大裂缝宽度计算值
(3)基于试验数据结果,建立了预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的设计计算公式,利用该计算公式对试验梁的裂缝宽度进行计算,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值吻合良好。参考文献:
References:[1]程东辉,王丽,于雁南.预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土方形截面短柱轴心受压试验[J].工业建筑,2013,43(1):4954.
CHENG Donghui,WANG Li,YU Yannan.Experiment of Axial Compression of Reinforced Concrete Short Squarecolumns Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Industrial Construction,2013,43(1):4954.
[2]程东辉,荣威,周威.预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土梁受剪性能试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(12):143148.
CHENG Donghui,RONG Wei,ZHOU Wei.Experimental Research of Shear Resistance Performance on Loaded Concrete Beam Reinforced with Prestressed CFRP Sheet in Diagonal Section[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(12):143148.
[3]叶列平,庄江波,曾攀,等.预应力碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土T形梁的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2005,35(8):712.
YE Lieping,ZHUANG Jiangbo,ZENG Pan,et al.Experimental Study on Reinforced Concrete Tbeams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets[J].Industrial Construction,2005,35(8):712.
[4]尚守平,彭晖,童桦,等.预应力碳纤维布材加固混凝土受弯构件的抗弯性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2003,24(5):2430.
SHANG Shouping,PENG Hui,TONG Hua,et al.Study of Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheet[J].Journal of Building Structures,2003,24(5):2430.
[5]EIHACHA R,WIHGT R G,GREEN M F.Innovative System for Prestressing Fiberreinforced Polymer Sheets[J].ACI Structural Journal,2003,100(3):305313.
[6]WIGHT R G,GREEN M F,ERKI M A.Poststrengthening Concrete Beams with Prestressed FRP Sheets[C]//TAERWE L.Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Symposium on Nonmetallic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS2).London:E & FN Spon,1995:568575.
[7]WU Z,IWASHITA K, ISHIKAWA T,et al.Fatigue Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Externally Prestressed PBO Fiber Sheets[C]//TAN K H.Proceedings of Sixth International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS6).Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Company,2003:885894.
[8]梁炯丰,熊志斌,邓志平,等.预应力碳纤维布加固 RC 梁的受弯性能研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(4):105109.
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[9]LEES J M,WINISTORFER A U,MEIER U.External Prestressed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps for Shear Enhancement of Concrete[J].Journal of Composites for Construction,2002,6(4):249256.
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