60例食管癌适形放疗临床疗效分析
2014-11-12陈育标
陈育标
[摘要] 目的 探讨分析食管癌患者适形放疗方法与临床治疗效果。方法 对该院收治的60例食管癌患者行三维适形放射治疗(A组),选取同期60例行常规放疗的食管癌患者(B组),对比分析二组临床治疗效果。结果 A组患者甲级、乙级占比显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组1、2、3年的局部控制率分别为74.3%、63.1%与46.5%,生存率分别为68.0%、57.8%与45.1%,三年的局部控制率与生存率均显著高于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者放疗不良反应率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对食管癌患者采用三维适形放射法进行治疗,能有效提高患者的近期疗效水平,提高局部控制率与生存率,产生的临床效果显著,值得临床上进一步研究与推广。
[关键词] 食管癌;适形放疗;临床疗效
[中图分类号] R7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2014)01(a)-0007-02
Analysis of the Clinical Curative Effect of Conformal Radiotherapy on 60 Cases of Oesophagus Cancer
CHEN Yubiao
Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong Province, 522000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate and analyze the method of conformal radiotherapy for patients with oesophagus cancer and its clinical curative effect. Methods 60 cases of oesophagus cancer sufferers underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in our hospital were selected as A set, and other 60 cases underwent conventional radiotherapy during the same period were selected as B set. The clinical treatment effect was compared and analyzed between two sets. Results The ratios of first grade and second grade in A set were higher than those in B set, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The partial control rate of A set in 1, 2 and 3 years was 74.3%, 63.1% and 46.5% respectively, the existence rate was 68.0%, 57.8% and 45.1% respectively. The partial control rates and existence rates of three years in A set were much higher than those in B set, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The adverse reactions between two sets of sufferers showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion For suffers of oesophagus cancer, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy can effectively improve the short-term curative effect, partial control rate and existence rate with remarkable clinical effect, which is worthy of further study and promotion in clinical practice.
[Key words] Oesophagus cancer; Conformal radiotherapy; Clinical curative effect
揭阳市是我国食管癌高发区之一,目前,随着人们生活饮食方式的变化以及环境的污染,食管癌的发病率逐年升高,对患者的身体健康水平产生严重影响[1]。有研究[2]显示,采用三维适形放射治疗方法可以显著提高患者的局部控制率与生存率,临床效果显著。为探讨分析食管癌患者适形放疗方法与临床治疗效果,该院对2011年6月—2013年1月期间收治的食管癌患者,分组进行三维适形放射治疗与常规放射治疗,对比分析二者的临床疗效,取得较显著的研究结果,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取该院收治的60例食管癌患者行三维适形放射治疗,设为A组,同时选取同期60例行常规放疗的食管癌患者,设为B组,两组120例患者,男性与女性的例数分别为90例与30例,年龄范围为41~79岁,平均年龄为(61.28±3.85)岁。该研究选取的对象均为首次进行放射治疗患者病变狭窄程度为Ⅲ度以上,按照食管癌临床分期标准,T1期10例,T2期20例,T3期15例,T4期15例;N0期28例,N1期22例,N2期10例;I期20例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅳ期10例。食管癌病变位置于颈段10例、胸上段12例、胸中段23例、胸下段15例。所有病例均取得病理确诊均为鳞癌,其中低分化32例、中分化16例、高分化2例。
1.2 方法
B组60例患者按照常规放射治疗操作标准进行治疗,A组60例患者行三维适形放射治疗,具体方法如下。
经真空体模固定,使用GE Brightspeed 16排螺旋CT定位,从患者中颈开始直至肋膈角部位,每层厚度为5mm,模拟定位完成后,于重建的图画上勾勒出靶区,并画出临床靶体积(CTV)、计划靶体积(PTV)、肿瘤体积(GTV)与肿瘤周围部位的重要器官、结构。其中,GTV是CT显示的区域肿大淋巴结和原发肿瘤以及食管造影显示病变长度;CTV是GTV上下分别向外放2.0~3.0 cm,左右向外放0.5~0.8 cm;PTV是CTV均匀向外放0.5 cm。限定靶区处方剂量及周边重要器官与组织的限量要求,处方剂量包括95%PTV,剂量≤45Gy,双肺V20<30%。
1.3 指标观察与疗效评价
治疗后1个月随访与记录两组患者的近期疗效,不良反应情况以及1、2、3年的局部控制率、生存率。其中,近期疗效评价方法按照万钧食管癌放疗后近期疗效评价标准[3]进行评定,结果分为甲级、乙级与丙级。
1.4 统计方法
所得的数据均采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析,组间率的差异对比采用χ2检验。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者近期疗效对比
A组患者甲级、乙级占比显著高于B组,丙级占比显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表1 两组患者近期疗效对表[n(%)]
注:A组*项数据与B组相比,*P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。
2.2 两组患者局部控制率与生存率对比
A组1、2、3年的局部控制率分别为74.3%、63.1%与46.5%,生存率分别为68.0%、57.8%与45.1%,3年的局部控制率与生存率均显著高于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
表2 两组患者局部控制率与生存率对比表(%)
注:A组*项数据与B组相比,*P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。
2.3 两组患者治疗不良反应对比
A组患者放疗后放射性食管炎、气管炎等不良反应率与B组相比,虽然略有上升,但对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表3。
表3 两组患者治疗不良反应对比表[n(%)]
注:A组*项数据与B组相比,*P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。
3 讨论
对食管癌患者进行放射治疗后的效果往往不理想,据有关研究[4]统计,采用放射治疗后患者5年的生存率仅为10.0%左右。导致放射治疗失败的因素主要是由于患者的原发肿瘤出现残存[5],治疗不彻底,发生率高达75%~96%,此外,患者的组织不均匀、常规放射治疗模拟定位困难[6]、放射耐受性有限、治疗体位不精确、肿瘤靶区的照射剂量把握不准确[7]等因素,亦在不同程度上,导致放射治疗效果不显著,尤其是对于剂量把握不准确时,若增加放射剂量,容易导致正常组织受到更多的损伤,严重影响了患者的生存质量,死亡率居高不下。而目前随着放射物理的发展,临床上采用的三维适形放射法,能够有效保护患者肿瘤周围的正常组织,更准确地把握了靶区处方剂量[8],通过模拟定位,并于重建的图画上勾勒出靶区,进行科学的放射治疗计划的设计,显著提高了患者的局部控制,在Singh AK等[9]人的研究中,发现采用三维适形放射法治疗食管癌患者,与常规放射治疗法相比,近3年的生存率与局部控制率,均有明显的上升(P<0.05),在该文研究结果中,A组1、2、3年的局部控制率分别为74.3%、63.1%与46.5%,生存率分别为68.0%、57.8%与45.1%,3年的局部控制率与生存率均显著高于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与其报道相符[10]。
在该次三维适形放疗过程中,画出临床靶体积、计划靶体积、肿瘤体积与肿瘤周围部位的重要器官,这些均有利于合理把握照射剂量,在该组资料研究结果中显示,A组患者甲级、乙级占比显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与相关报道[11]相符合,这说明,采用三维适形放射法可以提高患者临床疗效水平;而A组患者放疗后放射性食管炎、气管炎等不良反应率与B组相比,虽然略有上升,但对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中,导致放射性食管炎、气管炎等不良反应率上升的因素可能与三维适形放射法的照射剂量有关,值得进一步取证分析,但总体上看,三维适形放射法不会显著增加治疗不良反应的风险,这一点在林晓丹等[12]人的研究中亦做出说明,在一定程度上支持了该文研究结论。
综上所述,对食管癌患者采用三维适形放射法进行治疗,能有效提高患者的近期疗效水平,提高局部控制率与生存率,不会显著增加治疗不良反应的风险,产生的临床效果显著,值得临床上进一步研究与推广。
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[6] Kole TP, Aghayere O, Kwah J, et al.Comparison of heart and coronary artery doses associated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for distal esophageal cancer[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2012,83(5):1580-1586.
[7] Yamaguchi S, Ohguri T,Imada H, et al.Multimodal approaches including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation for recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer: Preliminary results[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2011,52(6):812-820.
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[9] Singh AK,Lockett MA,Bradley JD,et al.Predictors of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2003,55(2):337-341.
[10] AR and omized Controlled Trial of Conventional Fraction and Late Course Accelerated Hyperfraction Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer[J].Cell biochemistry and biophysics,2012,62(1):107-112.
[11] Fakhrian K,Heilmann J,Schuster T, et al.Primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study[J].Diseases of the esophagus,2012,25(3):256-262.
[12] 林晓丹,石兴源,周同冲,等.调强或三维适形放疗联合TP方案化疗治疗局部中晚期食管癌的临床研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2011,31(7):1264-1267.
(收稿日期:2013-11-10)
[6] Kole TP, Aghayere O, Kwah J, et al.Comparison of heart and coronary artery doses associated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for distal esophageal cancer[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2012,83(5):1580-1586.
[7] Yamaguchi S, Ohguri T,Imada H, et al.Multimodal approaches including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation for recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer: Preliminary results[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2011,52(6):812-820.
[8] Huang SH,Lockwood G,Brierley J, et al.Effect of concurrent high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and conformal radiotherapy on cervical esophageal cancer survival[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2008,71(3):735-740.
[9] Singh AK,Lockett MA,Bradley JD,et al.Predictors of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2003,55(2):337-341.
[10] AR and omized Controlled Trial of Conventional Fraction and Late Course Accelerated Hyperfraction Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer[J].Cell biochemistry and biophysics,2012,62(1):107-112.
[11] Fakhrian K,Heilmann J,Schuster T, et al.Primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study[J].Diseases of the esophagus,2012,25(3):256-262.
[12] 林晓丹,石兴源,周同冲,等.调强或三维适形放疗联合TP方案化疗治疗局部中晚期食管癌的临床研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2011,31(7):1264-1267.
(收稿日期:2013-11-10)
[6] Kole TP, Aghayere O, Kwah J, et al.Comparison of heart and coronary artery doses associated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for distal esophageal cancer[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2012,83(5):1580-1586.
[7] Yamaguchi S, Ohguri T,Imada H, et al.Multimodal approaches including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation for recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer: Preliminary results[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2011,52(6):812-820.
[8] Huang SH,Lockwood G,Brierley J, et al.Effect of concurrent high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and conformal radiotherapy on cervical esophageal cancer survival[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2008,71(3):735-740.
[9] Singh AK,Lockett MA,Bradley JD,et al.Predictors of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2003,55(2):337-341.
[10] AR and omized Controlled Trial of Conventional Fraction and Late Course Accelerated Hyperfraction Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer[J].Cell biochemistry and biophysics,2012,62(1):107-112.
[11] Fakhrian K,Heilmann J,Schuster T, et al.Primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study[J].Diseases of the esophagus,2012,25(3):256-262.
[12] 林晓丹,石兴源,周同冲,等.调强或三维适形放疗联合TP方案化疗治疗局部中晚期食管癌的临床研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2011,31(7):1264-1267.
(收稿日期:2013-11-10)