巧妙用词添文采

唐菲菲

………… 以介词构成固定搭配，短语形式简而优 …………

英语中，介词是重要的“功能词”，是遣词造句的纽带。据统计，英语中有286个介词，但我们最常用的是at， for， from， in， of， on， to， with， by等。

能否用好介词是一个人英语能力强弱的重要标志之一。比如“他英语学得好”可以说He knows English very well，但如果用以下几个句子表达，显然看起来更“高大上”：

He is good/expert at English.

He does well in English.

He has a good knowledge/command of English.

同学们应该在平时注意积累介词的搭配，写作时将一些烦冗的长句合理替换为固定搭配，在简化句子的同时，还能使文章读来节奏感更强。

比如要表达“前门大街长800余米，有600多年历史，街上有300余家商铺”，同学们一般会写成：Qianmen Street is more than 800 metres long. It has a history of more than 600 years. There are about 300 shops along it.

用介词来“升格”会怎么样呢？看——

Qianmen Street is an 800-metre-long ancient street with a history of 600 years， along which there are more than 300 shops.

或者：Qianmen Street is a long street with a length of 800 metres and a history of 600 years，along which there are more than 300 shops.

或者：Qianmen Street，which is 800 metres in length，has a history of 600 years. With more than 300 shops the street is among the symbols of Beijing.

………… 以分词精练句子，突出重点添文采 …………

一般来说，现在分词表示正在进行的、主动的意义，过去分词表示已经完成的、被动的意义。根据句意，用相应的分词短语替代从句或者分句，不仅可以使句子变得精练，更能突出重点，使句子主次有序。比如：

When he learned my trouble， my uncle advised me to talk frankly with my parents and present my real thoughts to them.

把这个长句中由when引导的从句和and present my real thoughts to them这一分句改为现在分词形式，不仅句子精简了，内容也有了主次之分，my uncle advised me to talk frankly with my parents作为重点被突出了：

Having learned my trouble， my uncle advised me to talk frankly with my parents， presenting my real thoughts.

………… 以连词承接过渡，句意连贯显层次 …………

连词用来连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句，可以分为并列连词，从属连词和关系代词、关系副词三类。

并列连词用来连接平行的词、短语或分句，主要有and， but， or， so， yet， however， nevertheless， as well as， both... and， not only... but also， either... or， neither... nor 等；

从属连词用来引导从句，主要有after， when， before， as， while， since， until， although， if， unless， because， as if， now that， so/such... that， as long as等；

关系代词和关系副词的作用类似连词，主要有anyhow， therefore， besides， moreover， also， too， still， then， thus， consequently等。

合理使用连词可以使句意更连贯，同时凸显文章层次。比如下面这两个段落：

①Tom saw a bird. The bird was wounded. He took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo praised him. He arrived home late. He was happy.

②Tom saw a wounded bird， so he took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo praised him. Though he arrived home late， he was happy.

段落①都是短句，看起来枯燥啰唆；段落②运用了连词，层次分明，读来更流畅。

再来看一例，题目要求“根据‘Film or book， which do you prefer？这个话题，发表自己的看法”，你的选择是看电影，因为看电影省时间，且电影比书本更有趣易懂，你会怎么写？

参考答案：Seeing a film not only saves time but also gives us information as well as a sense of enjoyment. Besides， the film can deliver the message clearly so that the ideas are easily understood.