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基于遗传算法的单U地源热泵钻孔内热阻研究

2014-10-27张泉杜亚星张林峰周明卫

湖南大学学报·自然科学版 2014年9期
关键词:换热器源热泵暖通

张泉 杜亚星 张林峰 周明卫

摘要:基于地源热泵单U地埋管二维换热模型,以钻孔内的换热热阻为目标函数,以回填材料导热系数、两埋管间距及管内水流速等参数为优化变量,利用添加了精英保留及迁移优化的遗传算法,对各参数同时变化时进行了目标函数优化,并分析了各参数对热阻性能影响,当回填材料导热系数、两埋管间距及流速均为最大值时,其对应的钻孔内换热热阻达到最小.研究结果对优化地埋侧换热器的设计具有一定参考价值.

关键词:地源热泵;单U地埋管;钻孔内的换热热阻;遗传算法

中图分类号:TU831.6 文献标识码:A

Abstract:Based on the twodimensional heat transfer model for single U pipe in GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) system, this paper analyzed the influences of main different multivariables on the heat resistance, including the heat conductivity coefficient of backfill materials, the buried pipe spacing in the borehole and the water velocity in the pipes. Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA), in which elitism selection and migration were combined, was used to optimize the heat resistance in the borehole based on foregoing multivariables. According to the optimized result, the minimum heat resistance was obtained when the heat conductivity coefficients of backfill materials, the buried pipe spacing and the water velocity in the pipes reached their maximal designed values. The results are useful for the optimization of the heat exchanger design of GSHP.

Key words: ground source heat pump system(GSHP); single upipe; heat resistance; genetic algorithm (GA)

地源热泵系统地埋侧的运行热物性参数对地埋侧换热器的换热有着重要的影响.胡平放等人\[1\]通过Fluent软件模拟了土壤导热性能、回填材料导热性能、换热器进口水温及流速等参数对换热器换热性能的影响.杨昌智等人\[2\]对影响地埋管换热器换热性能的钻井深度、U型管内的流体流量进行了数值研究.Claesson等[3]采用数值方法探讨了回填材料热阻、管间距等因素对换热器换热性能的影响.然而,关于地埋侧换热的研究,大多数仅考虑单参数变化时的影响\[1-3\],较少涉及多参数同时变化的情况,但在实际的设计中多个影响参数往往是同时变化,因此多参数同时变化时地埋侧换热器换热性能的研究及优化仍是当前需要加强研究的问题.

遗传算法具有全局性、并行性、适应性、收敛性等优点,对于地源热泵传热性能的优化研究具有很强的实践指导价值.杨卫波等人\[4\]以运行能耗为优化目标,利用Matlab遗传算法工具箱对太阳能地热复合源热泵系统进行了优化设计,得出了最优的埋管深度和太阳能集热器面积的比例以及最优的运行能耗.Sepehr等人\[5\]以初投资和运行费用为优化目标,利用遗传算法软件包及其他优化算法对蒸汽地热复合源热泵系统进行了优化,结果表明遗传算法比其他优化方法总花费减少7.1%.Sepehr等人\[6\] 以进出口温度等作为优化变量,对蒸汽地热复合源热泵系统的初投资和运行费用利用遗传算法软件包进行了优化,并对影响因素的敏感性进行了分析,优化后系统的花费显著减少.可以看出关于遗传算法在地源热泵中应用的研究,大都是以整个系统作为研究对象,较少对地埋侧做具体的研究.

本文以单U地埋管钻孔内的换热热阻为目标函数,利用添加精英保留及迁移优化的遗传算法对多参数同时变化的情况进行了优化,通过Matlab自编程序进行实现,并分析了各参数对目标函数的影响.

4结论

1)添加精英保留及迁移优化改进型的遗传算法与传统的遗传算法相比较,收敛速度提高接近1倍.

2)在钻孔孔径和埋管管径组合一定的情况下,当回填材料导热系数、两埋管间距及管内流体流速均为最大值时,钻孔内换热热阻达到最小;而当回填材料导热系数、两埋管间距及管内流体流速均为最小值时,钻孔内换热热阻达到最大.且随着回填材料导热系数、两埋管间距及管内流体流速的增大,钻孔内换热热阻的最小值减小趋势变缓.

3)当钻孔孔径不变时,随着埋管管径的增大,钻孔内换热热阻减少.当埋管管径不变时,随着钻孔孔径的增大,钻孔内换热热阻增大.

4)在设计时,应尽量增大管内流体流速、回填材料导热系数及两管间间距以减小埋管的换热热阻,增强地埋管的换热性能,但在实际施工过程中还应充分考虑输送能耗导致的系统效率变化、安装工艺及设备总费用等因素,合理选择运行参数.

参考文献

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\[3\]CLAESSON J, ESKILSON P. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analyses and dimensioning rules\[J\]. Energy, 1987, 13(6): 509-527.

\[4\]杨卫波,施明恒.基于遗传算法的太阳能地热复合源热泵系统的优化\[J\]. 暖通空调,2007,37(2):12-17.

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\[5\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump, thermaleconomic modeling and optimization\[J\]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2011, 34(7):562-576.

\[6\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Horizontal ground coupled heat pump: thermaleconomic modeling and optimization \[J\]. Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(12):2600-2612.

\[7\]ESKILSON P. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes\[D\]. Sweden: University of Lund, 1987.

\[8\]ROTTMAYER S P, BECKMAN W A. Simulation of a single vertical utube ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium \[J\].ASHRAE Transactions, 1997, 103(2):651- 659.

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DIAO Nairen, FANG Zhaohong.Groundcoupled heat technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006:81-124. (In Chinese)

\[10\]雷英杰.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用\[M\].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:3-31.

LEI Yingjie. Genetic algorithm toolbox and application\[M\].Xian: Xidian University Press,2005:3-31. (In Chinese)

\[11\]REMUND C. Borehole thermal resistance: laboratory and field studies[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,105(2):439-445.

\[12\]付文彪,蒋绿林.地源热泵设计两个重要参数的实验研究\[J\].暖通空调,2009,39(2):116-119.

HU Pingfang, KAN Long ,JIANG Zhangning,et al. Simulation and analysis of the effect factor on the heat transfer in the Utube of grund source heat pump\[J\]. Fluid Machinery, 2009,37(3):64-68.(In Chinese)

\[2\]杨昌智,黄兵.U型管换热性能影响因素研究\[J\]. 湖南大学学报:自然科学版, 2009, 36(12): 44-48.

YANG Changzhi, HUANG Bing. Study on influence factor of heat transfer performance of Utube\[J\]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 36(12): 44-48. (In Chinese)

\[3\]CLAESSON J, ESKILSON P. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analyses and dimensioning rules\[J\]. Energy, 1987, 13(6): 509-527.

\[4\]杨卫波,施明恒.基于遗传算法的太阳能地热复合源热泵系统的优化\[J\]. 暖通空调,2007,37(2):12-17.

YANG Weibo, SHI Mingheng. Optimization of solarground source heat pump systems based on genetic algorithm\[J\]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2007,37(2):12-17. (In Chinese)

\[5\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump, thermaleconomic modeling and optimization\[J\]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2011, 34(7):562-576.

\[6\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Horizontal ground coupled heat pump: thermaleconomic modeling and optimization \[J\]. Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(12):2600-2612.

\[7\]ESKILSON P. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes\[D\]. Sweden: University of Lund, 1987.

\[8\]ROTTMAYER S P, BECKMAN W A. Simulation of a single vertical utube ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium \[J\].ASHRAE Transactions, 1997, 103(2):651- 659.

\[9\]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源热泵技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:81-124.

DIAO Nairen, FANG Zhaohong.Groundcoupled heat technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006:81-124. (In Chinese)

\[10\]雷英杰.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用\[M\].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:3-31.

LEI Yingjie. Genetic algorithm toolbox and application\[M\].Xian: Xidian University Press,2005:3-31. (In Chinese)

\[11\]REMUND C. Borehole thermal resistance: laboratory and field studies[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,105(2):439-445.

\[12\]付文彪,蒋绿林.地源热泵设计两个重要参数的实验研究\[J\].暖通空调,2009,39(2):116-119.

HU Pingfang, KAN Long ,JIANG Zhangning,et al. Simulation and analysis of the effect factor on the heat transfer in the Utube of grund source heat pump\[J\]. Fluid Machinery, 2009,37(3):64-68.(In Chinese)

\[2\]杨昌智,黄兵.U型管换热性能影响因素研究\[J\]. 湖南大学学报:自然科学版, 2009, 36(12): 44-48.

YANG Changzhi, HUANG Bing. Study on influence factor of heat transfer performance of Utube\[J\]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 36(12): 44-48. (In Chinese)

\[3\]CLAESSON J, ESKILSON P. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analyses and dimensioning rules\[J\]. Energy, 1987, 13(6): 509-527.

\[4\]杨卫波,施明恒.基于遗传算法的太阳能地热复合源热泵系统的优化\[J\]. 暖通空调,2007,37(2):12-17.

YANG Weibo, SHI Mingheng. Optimization of solarground source heat pump systems based on genetic algorithm\[J\]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2007,37(2):12-17. (In Chinese)

\[5\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump, thermaleconomic modeling and optimization\[J\]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2011, 34(7):562-576.

\[6\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Horizontal ground coupled heat pump: thermaleconomic modeling and optimization \[J\]. Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(12):2600-2612.

\[7\]ESKILSON P. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes\[D\]. Sweden: University of Lund, 1987.

\[8\]ROTTMAYER S P, BECKMAN W A. Simulation of a single vertical utube ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium \[J\].ASHRAE Transactions, 1997, 103(2):651- 659.

\[9\]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源热泵技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:81-124.

DIAO Nairen, FANG Zhaohong.Groundcoupled heat technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006:81-124. (In Chinese)

\[10\]雷英杰.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用\[M\].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:3-31.

LEI Yingjie. Genetic algorithm toolbox and application\[M\].Xian: Xidian University Press,2005:3-31. (In Chinese)

\[11\]REMUND C. Borehole thermal resistance: laboratory and field studies[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,105(2):439-445.

\[12\]付文彪,蒋绿林.地源热泵设计两个重要参数的实验研究\[J\].暖通空调,2009,39(2):116-119.

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