实用光伏电池建模及MPPT算法仿真
2014-09-27郭爽王丰贵
郭爽+王丰贵
摘要:基于工程用光伏模块输出方程,利用Matlab/Simulink建立一个光伏电池实用仿真模型。该模型可以模拟实际光伏模块在不同环境下的输出特性曲线。在传统的电导增量法基础上利用计算得到的步长进行最大功率点跟踪,通过仿真结果表明在外界环境剧烈变化时改进的电导增量法可以快速跟踪光伏电池的最大功率点。该文是在Matlab/Simulink中实现了梯度变步长电导增量法,且在此给出该算法的模型搭建图,并在保证仿真精度的情况下通过加入延迟模块解决了仿真中的代数环问题。
关键词: 实用光伏模型; 改进电导增量法; MPPT; Matlab仿真
中图分类号: TN964⁃34 文献标识码: A文章编号: 1004⁃373X(2014)08⁃0148⁃03
Modeling of practical PV battery and simulation of MPPT algorithm
GUO Shuang1,2, WANG Feng⁃gui1
(1. Institute of Automation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 250014, China;
2. Department of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)
Abstract: Based on output equation of engineering PV module, a practical simulation model of PV cells was established by means of Matlab/Simulink. This model can simulate the output characteristic curves of practical PV module under different environments. The calculated step length is adopted to track maximum power point on the basis of the traditional incremental conductance method. The simulation results show that the maximum power point of photovoltaic cells can be fast tracked with the improved incremental conductance method as the external environment changes violently. The innovation of this paper is that the gradient variable step incremental conductance method is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, the simulation model diagram of the algorithm is presented in this paper, and the algebraic loop problem existing in simulation is solved by adding a delay module in the case of ensuring the precision.
Keywords: practical PV model; improved incremental conductance; MPPT; Matlab simulation
目前,光伏太阳能等新能源的开发和利用受到越来越多的关注。由于光伏发电的研究需要较高的研发经费和受实际环境因素限制,实验室仿真分析成为光伏电池设计和研究的有效手段[1]。本文在Matlab 环境下建立了光伏电池实用模型,提出改进的电导增量法来实现最大功率点跟踪。通过对Boost电路输出功率的仿真表明,该算法可以较快完成MPPT。
1光伏电池等效电路及其输出特性方程
理想情况下,光伏电池在等效电路中可以看作一个恒流源。等效电路中并联一个二极管模拟暗电流的产生,用一个串联电阻来模拟电池板的损耗,一个并联电阻来模拟短路电流的产生[2⁃3]。等效电路如图1,输出特性方程[2⁃3]如式(1)所示。