2009—2011年某猪场PCV2血清学监测及分析
2014-09-02王涛王海燕徐向明等
王涛 王海燕 徐向明等
摘要:按照流行病学抽样的方法,于2009年5月至2011年6月对江苏省内某个从未使用过疫苗的种猪场进行猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)抗体的监测。每个月分别采集1 440份空怀母猪、保育猪、育肥猪的血清样品,应用商品化的ELISA 试剂盒对PCV2的特异性抗体进行血清学监测。监测结果表明:空怀母猪、保育猪、育肥猪的血清样品中PCV2抗体阳性率均很高,保育猪的平均阳性率为93.6%,可疑率为2.8%,阴性率为3.6%;育肥猪的平均阳性率为87.4%,可疑率为4.6%,阴性率为8%;空怀母猪的平均阳性率为85.2%,可疑率为4.5%,阴性率为63%。结果显示,保育猪和育肥猪的抗体水平比空怀母猪高,表明在没有使用疫苗的情况下,猪群中PCV2的感染率很高,需要对猪群进行人为干预。
关键词:猪圆环病毒2型;血清学调查;抗体检测;ELISA;感染率
中图分类号: S855.3 文献标志码: A 文章编号:1002-1302(2014)07-0229-02
收稿日期:2013-09-29
项目基金:江苏省科技计划企业博士项目(编号:BK2009739);江苏农牧科技职业学院博士启动基金(编号:ZD200904);江苏省泰州市农业项目(编号:TN1102)
作者简介:王涛(1965—),男,江苏泰州人,硕士,副教授、高级兽医师,主要从事动物传染病和人兽共患病研究。Tel:(0523)86158218;E-mail:wangt61@hotmail.com。
通信作者:王海燕,女,博士,副教授,主要从事动物传染病和人兽共患病研究。Tel:(0523)86158218;E-mail:wanghyyz@hotmail.com。 猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)是近些年新发现的一种猪传染病。PCV2感染可引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)[1]、怀孕母猪繁殖障碍(reproductive failure,RF)[2]、断奶猪和育肥猪呼吸道疾病(porcinerespiratory disease syndrome,PRDS)[3]、猪皮炎和肾炎综合征(porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,PDNS)[4]、幼龄仔猪先天性震颤(congential tremor,CT)[5]等疾病。PCV2感染的发病率一般为10%~20%,仔猪感染的死亡率较高,耐过猪发育受阻[6-7],PCV2感染还可造成猪的免疫抑制,使猪群对其他病原微生物的抵抗力下降[8]而引起继发感染,严重影响养猪业的发展。1991年加拿大首次报道PMWS之后,世界各国相继报道有该病发生[9-11],PMWS现已成为全球养猪生产中的重要问题之一。郎洪武等用ELISA方法检测来自北京、河北、山东、天津、吉林、河南等7省(市)22个猪群的559 份血清,结果显示猪的血清样品中大多存在PCV2 抗体[12];王忠田等用PCR方法对我国北京、天津、河北、山东、山西、深圳、广东等省(市)的12个规模化猪场发病猪群进行PCV2 感染的流行病学调查发现,PCV2感染情况相当严重[13]。为了调查PCV2在未用PCV2疫苗的种猪场的流行情况,本试验用商品化的ELISA方法对某种猪场不同日龄猪群进行了PCV2感染的血清学监测,以期为更好地控制该猪场的PCV2感染的流行提供理论依据。
1材料与方法
1.1试验材料
被检血清样品采自某个未经免疫的自繁自养种猪场内不同生长阶段的猪群;猪圆环病毒ELISA检测试剂盒购自JBT公司检测试剂盒(batch:7191001);其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
1.2确定样本采集数量
收集该种猪场的资料,尤其是不同生长期猪群体的大小和群体的变动情况。采样时间分别为2009年5—12月、2010年1月、2010年3—12月、2011年1月、2011年3—6月,共24个时间点。根据获取的信息确定抽样份数,以了解猪群中的PCV2抗体水平。根据猪群的大小和预计携带率确定样本大小。
1.3血清的分离与PCV2特异性抗体的检测
3结论与讨论
本研究采用简单随机法采集1 440份不同时期、不同阶段的猪外周血液制备血清,应用ELISA法检测PCV2抗体,结果发现抗体阳性率很高,可达90%以上,但不同种类的猪群之间没有明显差异,不同采集时间之间的差异也不明显,偶尔会出现抗体水平稍低的月份。保育猪的平均阳性率为936%,可疑率为2.8%,阴性率为3.6%;育肥猪的平均阳性率为87.4%,可疑率为4.6%,阴性率为8%;空怀母猪的平均阳性率为85.2%,可疑率为4.5%,阴性率为6.3%。其中保育猪和育肥猪的抗体水平比空怀母猪的抗体水平高。
PCV2是20世纪90年代开始在欧洲和美洲开始流行起来的一种新型猪病,该病主要造成断奶后仔猪衰竭综合征、皮炎和肾病综合征等,常与其他病原体一起造成混合感染和发病,并且可以引起免疫抑制,从而影响其他常用疫苗的免疫效果。由于引种的同时也将疫病引了进来,该病自传入我国后在国内的猪群中迅速而广泛地传播开来,且很难清除,研究表明,国内的猪群感染率很高[12-14],但在我国自繁自养的种猪群中调查还比较少,也没有连续的监测数据,本研究结果表明,PCV2自传入我国后在国内的蔓延范围非常广泛,包括了国内的土种猪感染率都很高。
在养猪实践中,PCV2疫苗的使用备受争议,有的猪场使用后效果很好,而有的就很差。因此有很多猪场没有使用PCV2疫苗。然而本调查和以往的调查均显示,PCV2的感染率较高[12-14],采取必要的干预措施势在必行,不但需要考虑到新型、高效、安全疫苗的研制和应用,也必须采取综合性生物安全措施。endprint
参考文献:
[1]Allan G M,Mcneilly F,Kennedy S,et al. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1998,10(1):3-10.
[2]West K H,Bystrom J M,Wojnarowicz C,et al. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3]Harms P A,Halbu P G,Sorden S D. Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection[J]. Journal of Swine Health and Production,2002,10(1):27-30.
[4]Molnár T,Glávits R,Szeredi L,et al. Occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hungary[J]. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,2002,50(1):5-16.
[5]Stevenson G W,Kiupel M,Mittal S K,et al. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(1):57-62.
[6]Kennedy S,Allan G,McNeilly F,et al. Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(18):495-496.
[7]Kiupel M,Stevenson G W,Mittal S K,et al. Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana[J]. Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):303-307.
[8]Sarli G,Mandrioli L,Laurenti M,et al. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS)[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2001,83(1/2):53-67.
[9]Allan G,Meehan B,Todd D,et al. Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(17):467-468.
[10]Elbers A R,Hunneman W A,Vos J H,et al. Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands[J]. Veterinary Record,2000,147(11):311.
[11]anasakul-Banlunara A W,Tantilertcharoen R,Suzuk I K,et al. Detection of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2)DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) pigs in Tailand[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science,2002,64(5):449-452.
[12]郎洪武,张广川,吴发权,等. 断奶猪多系统衰弱综合征血清抗体检测[J]. 中国兽医科技,2000,30(3):3-5.
[13]王忠田,杨汉春,郭鑫. 规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查[J]. 中国兽医杂志,2002,38(10):3-6.
[14]宋建国,高生智,魏润生. 规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学调查[J]. 中国兽医科技,2004,34(12):28-30.endprint
参考文献:
[1]Allan G M,Mcneilly F,Kennedy S,et al. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1998,10(1):3-10.
[2]West K H,Bystrom J M,Wojnarowicz C,et al. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3]Harms P A,Halbu P G,Sorden S D. Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection[J]. Journal of Swine Health and Production,2002,10(1):27-30.
[4]Molnár T,Glávits R,Szeredi L,et al. Occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hungary[J]. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,2002,50(1):5-16.
[5]Stevenson G W,Kiupel M,Mittal S K,et al. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(1):57-62.
[6]Kennedy S,Allan G,McNeilly F,et al. Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(18):495-496.
[7]Kiupel M,Stevenson G W,Mittal S K,et al. Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana[J]. Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):303-307.
[8]Sarli G,Mandrioli L,Laurenti M,et al. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS)[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2001,83(1/2):53-67.
[9]Allan G,Meehan B,Todd D,et al. Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(17):467-468.
[10]Elbers A R,Hunneman W A,Vos J H,et al. Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands[J]. Veterinary Record,2000,147(11):311.
[11]anasakul-Banlunara A W,Tantilertcharoen R,Suzuk I K,et al. Detection of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2)DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) pigs in Tailand[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science,2002,64(5):449-452.
[12]郎洪武,张广川,吴发权,等. 断奶猪多系统衰弱综合征血清抗体检测[J]. 中国兽医科技,2000,30(3):3-5.
[13]王忠田,杨汉春,郭鑫. 规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查[J]. 中国兽医杂志,2002,38(10):3-6.
[14]宋建国,高生智,魏润生. 规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学调查[J]. 中国兽医科技,2004,34(12):28-30.endprint
参考文献:
[1]Allan G M,Mcneilly F,Kennedy S,et al. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1998,10(1):3-10.
[2]West K H,Bystrom J M,Wojnarowicz C,et al. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3]Harms P A,Halbu P G,Sorden S D. Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection[J]. Journal of Swine Health and Production,2002,10(1):27-30.
[4]Molnár T,Glávits R,Szeredi L,et al. Occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hungary[J]. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,2002,50(1):5-16.
[5]Stevenson G W,Kiupel M,Mittal S K,et al. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(1):57-62.
[6]Kennedy S,Allan G,McNeilly F,et al. Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(18):495-496.
[7]Kiupel M,Stevenson G W,Mittal S K,et al. Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana[J]. Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):303-307.
[8]Sarli G,Mandrioli L,Laurenti M,et al. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS)[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2001,83(1/2):53-67.
[9]Allan G,Meehan B,Todd D,et al. Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(17):467-468.
[10]Elbers A R,Hunneman W A,Vos J H,et al. Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands[J]. Veterinary Record,2000,147(11):311.
[11]anasakul-Banlunara A W,Tantilertcharoen R,Suzuk I K,et al. Detection of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2)DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) pigs in Tailand[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science,2002,64(5):449-452.
[12]郎洪武,张广川,吴发权,等. 断奶猪多系统衰弱综合征血清抗体检测[J]. 中国兽医科技,2000,30(3):3-5.
[13]王忠田,杨汉春,郭鑫. 规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查[J]. 中国兽医杂志,2002,38(10):3-6.
[14]宋建国,高生智,魏润生. 规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学调查[J]. 中国兽医科技,2004,34(12):28-30.endprint