状语从句中引导词的特殊性小议

朱倩

状语从句要有一个连词引导，即引导词。在实际使用时我们经常会做错，因为有些引导词有它们的特殊含义，有些句型容易混淆。这里将状语从句中易错的句型和引导词的特殊用法小结如下：

1. when

1） 意为“当……时候”。

例如：

Because of the heavy traffic， it was already time for lunch break she got to her office.

A. since B. that

C. when D. until

该题正确答案为C。

2） 意为“这时”，强调突然性，常用在以下句型中：

a. be doing ... when ...

b. had done ... when ...

c. be about to do ... when ... = be on the point of doing ... when ...

例如：

Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.

A. when B. if

C. and D. till

该题正确答案为A 。

3） 意为“在……情况下（表惊讶）”。

例如：

Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？

2. while

1） 意为“在……时候”。

例如：

—Im going to the post office.

—While youre there， can you get me some stamps？

2） 意为“尽管，既然，虽然”。

例如：

While there is no law stating how you may dress， not all fashions are respectable.

3） 意为“然而”，表示对比。

例如：

some people come here for a short break， others have decided to stay forever.

A. Because B. If

C. Once D. While

该题正确答案为D。

4） 意为“趁着……”

例如：

Strike the iron while it is hot.

3. “一……就……”的多种表达方式

1） as soon as / immediately / the moment / directly

例如：

Ill call you as soon as / immediately / the moment / directly I get home.

2） on / upon sth. / doing sth.

例如：

On finishing his studies， he began traveling in China.

3） hardly ... when ... / ... no sooner ... than ...

例如：

Hardly had we got to the bus stop when the bus arrived.

No sooner had she fallen asleep than she heard a knock.

4. 祈使句“... and / or + youll ...”

祈使句“... and / or + youll ...”结构相当于由if引导的条件句。

例如：

1） If you get up early， youll catch the first bus.

= Get up early， and youll catch the first bus.

2） If you dont get up early， youll be late.

= Get up early， or youll be late.

3） Stick to what you think is right， you will gain a surprising ending.

A. and B. but

C. before D. so

该题正确答案为A。

5. before， since， when在下列时间不同的状语从句句型中的使用

1） It is / has been + 时间段 + since ...

例如：

It is / has been three years since he came to our school.

2） It was （not） + 段时间 + before ...

It will （not） be + 段时间 + before ...

例如：

a. Im sorry youve been waiting so long， but itll still be some time Brian gets back.

A. before B. since

C. till D. after

该题正确答案为A。

b. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job.

A. when B. after

C. before D. since

该题正确答案为C。

3） It was + 时间点 + when ...

例如：

It was nine oclock when I got home.

此句还要注意和强调句结构的区别

It was nine oclock when I got home. （状语从句）

It was at nine oclock that I got home. （强调句）

6. before引导的时间状语从句

before引导的时间状语从句，我们通常译成“还没来得及……就……”，“ 在……之前就…….”。

例如：

1） They decided to drive the cow away before it did more damage.

2） The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.

3） You cant borrow books from the school library

you get your student card.

A. before B. if

C. why D. when

该题正确答案为A。

7. though， as， while引导的让步状语从句

though， as， while 都可引导让步状语从句，例如：

1） Much as I like Paris， I couldnt live there.

=Though I like Paris very much， I couldnt live there.

2） While I admit the problems are difficult， I dont agree that I cant solve them.

3） Lessons can be learned to face the future， history cannot be changed.

A. though B. as

C. since D. unless

该题正确答案为A。