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中考英语热点考点归纳总结(一)

2014-08-20

中学生英语·中考指导版 2014年7期
关键词:花费辨析主语

1. family, home和house

home, house, family这三个词都有“家”的意思,但是含义上有所不同。

(1) home作名词,指家庭成员在一起生活居住的地方,如:家、家乡、本国,带有感情色彩。

例如:

East or west, home is best.

His home is in Hunan.

They have a comfortable home.

(2) house作名词,主要指建筑物、住宅、房子,不带有感情色彩。

例如:

New houses are going up everywhere.

He is staying at his friends house.

(3) family作名词,指家中成员或子女,如父母、子女、妻子、丈夫、兄妹等,一般不涉及房屋。但需注意:family意为“家庭”做主语时,谓语动词用单数;family意为“家人”做主语时,谓语动词用复数。

例如:

How many people are there in Simons family?

His family is a happy family. Look!All his family are watching TV together now.

【中考链接】

Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second _______ because he has been here for over twenty years. (2010宁夏)

A. family B. house

C. room D. home

【答案】 D

【解析】 home作名词,指家乡。

2. little, a little与few, a few

区别一:a little和little修饰或指代不可数名词,与much相对;a few和few修饰或指代可数名词与many相对。

区别二:a little和a few含肯定语气, little和few含否定语气。一般说来,在only, just, still, quite, not等词后用a little或a few;在very, so, some, the, no等词后用little或few。

【中考链接】

Wed better wait _______ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon. (2011河北)

A. a few B. few

C. a little D. little

【答案】 A

【解析】 考查词语辨析,minutes是可数名词复数,排除C和D;由Jeff will come soon可知:前句用肯定形式。“我们最好多等几分钟”,用a few more minutes表示。

3. join, take part in和attend

这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思,但用法不同。

(1) join有两个用法:

①指加入某个党派、团体组织等,成为其成员之一,意为“参军;入团;入党”等。

例如:

When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的?

She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。

②和某人一起做某事,其结构为:join sb. in (doing) sth.,根据上下文,in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。

例如:

Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗?

Hell join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一起唱歌。

Were going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us? 我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一起去好吗?

(2) join in多指参加小规模的活动,如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。

例如:

Come along, and join in the ball game. 快,来参加球赛。

Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?

(3) take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

例如:

Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。

We often take part in physical labour. 我们经常参加体力劳动。

(4) attend是正式用语,及物动词,指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼等;去上课、上学、听报告等。句子的主语只是去听、去看,自己不一定起主导作用。

例如:

Hell attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。endprint

I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。

【中考链接】

Anyone who sings well can _______ the activity in our school. (2011陕西)

A. take part in B. take off

C. take out D. take care of

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查动词词组词义的辨析。take part in“参加”;take off“起飞”;take out“取出;拿出”;take care of“照顾;照看”。句意为“任何歌唱得好的人都可以参加我们学校的这个活动”。故选A。

4. pay, spend, cost和take

(1) pay作动词时意为“付钱;支付”,主语为人,后面可以接用来表示“人”的名词或表示“钱”的数目;当表示“花钱买某物”时,常用sb. pay (some money) for (sth.) 结构。

例如:

How soon can you pay me (for the work)?

I paid 200 dollars for the painting.

She tried to leave the shop without paying for the dress.

(2) 动词spend意为“用(钱);花费;度过(时间)”,其主语通常为人,常用于sb. spend time / money (in) doing / on sth. 结构中,意为“某人花费时间 / 金钱做某事”。

例如:

He spends half an hour (in) doing his homework every day.

They spend a lot of money in advertising.

(3) cost作动词时也意为“花费”,但是它的主语只能是物,不能是人,其结构为:sth. costs (sb.) money。有时指“付出……代价”。

例如:

The book costs me ten yuan.

—How much do these shoes cost?

—They cost 30 dollars.

(4) take表示“花费”时是指花费时间或金钱,句型为:It takes sb. + 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth. 意为“某人干某事花了多少时间 / 钱”。

例如:

It took me two hours to finish my homework.

It took me 300 yuan to buy this MP3.

【中考链接】

—Whats your plan for this weekend?

—Im going to ______ it with my

grandparents. (2011连云港)

A. cost B. spend C. give D. pay

【答案】 B

【解析】考查动词的辨析。cost“值多少钱”,物作主语;spend“花费;度过”,人作主语;give“给某人某物”;pay“付款”,人作主语。排除A。句意:我打算跟我爷爷奶奶度过周末。故选B。

【中考链接】

I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. (2011天津)

A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay

【答案】 A

【解析】词义辨析。这四个选项都有“花费”的意思,其中只有spend可用于spend time (in) doing sth. 题干中有playing,所以选择A。

5. surprised与surprising

两者都是形容词,surprised意为“感到惊讶的”,通常修饰人,常见句型有:be surprised at sb. / sth., be surprised to do sth., be surprised that ...; surprising意为“令人惊讶的”,通常修饰物。

例如:

We were surprised at this news.

Im surprised to see you here.

Im surprised that he didnt come.

She made a surprising decision.

Its surprising that they lost the match.

类似以上区别的词汇还有:interested与interesting; excited与exciting; disappointed与disappointing等。

【中考链接】

—We all like Miss Wang.

—I agree with you. She always makes her English classes ______. (2011福州中考)

A. interested B. interestendprint

C. interesting

【答案】 C

【解析】考查make + sb. / sth. + adj.的用法。句意:——我们都喜欢王老师。——我同意你的看法。她总是使她的英语课堂有趣。interested修饰人,而interesting则修饰物。故选C。

6. wear, put on, dress和have on

(1) wear意为“穿;戴”,表示穿的状态。还可以用于“佩戴”装饰品等。

例如:

She always wears sunglasses and a red dress.

(2) put on意为“穿上; 戴上”, 强调的是穿的动作。

例如:

Put on this coat. Its cold outside.

(3) dress也表示“穿衣服”,用法与结构为:dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”;dress oneself “穿衣”,这两种用法强调动作。be dressed in + 颜色,“穿……颜色的衣服”,强调状态;dress up“装扮;打扮”。

例如:

The girl was dressed in white at the meeting.

(4)have on“穿戴”,强调状态。此短语不能用于进行时态。

例如:

He always has on T-shirts.

【中考链接】

Most British high school children ______ uniforms at school. (2011山东济宁)

A. wear B. dress

C. put on D. dress up

【答案】 A

【解析】词汇辨析。wear“穿着”;put on “穿上”;dress“给……穿衣”;dress up“装扮;打扮”,由句意“大多数英国中学生在学校穿校服”可知,用wear。故选A。

【中考链接】

Mary is used to _______ a T-shirt and jeans. (2011兰州)

A. wear B. put on

C. wearing D. putting on

【答案】 C

【解析】词义辨析。句意“玛丽习惯于穿T恤衫和牛仔裤”,be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”,因此排除选项A、B,wear强调状态,put on强调动作,由句意可知此处表示状态,因此选C。

7. turn

turn意为“转动;变为”。

例如:

Turn left at the second crossing and you will see the park.

The weather is turning cold.

与turn 相关的短语有:

turn over 翻转

turn off 关掉;关上

turn on 打开

turn down 调小(音量)

turn up 调大(音量)

turn out 证明是;结果是;生产

turn to sb. 向某人求助

take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事

Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

例如:

Lets take turns to be on duty.

If you turn over, you might find it easier to get to sleep.

Its my turn to clean the room.

【中考链接】

I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please _______? (2011安徽)

A. turn it up B. turn it down

C. turn it on D. turn it off

【答案】 A

【解析】选A. turn up“调大”; turn down“调小”; turn on “打开”;turn off“关闭”。由前句“我几乎听不见电视在说什么”可知,应该是A项。

【中考链接】

Mike _______ his computer and checked his e-mail. (2010河北省卷)

A. turned on B. turned off

C. turned up D. turned down

【答案】 A

【解析】词汇辨析题。看答案四个词组的词义,turned on “打开”,turned off“关掉”,turned up“调大音量”,turned down“调小音量”。句意为“Mike打开电脑,检查他的e-mail.” 故选A。

8. other, another, the other, others和 the others

(1) other做形容词,意为“(泛指)其余的;别的”。

例如:

Do you have any other questions?endprint

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