不同血糖监测频次对住院2型糖尿病患者医疗花费及血糖控制情况的调查研究
2014-08-07徐建祥 李娟娟 郭桂喜 李慧 张磊 姜国辉 董砚虎
徐建祥 李娟娟 郭桂喜 李慧 张磊 姜国辉 董砚虎
[摘要]目的 探讨住院T2DM患者不同血糖监测频次对住院天数、医疗花费及血糖控制情况方面的影响。 方法 随机选取在我院住院治疗的T2DM患者1000例,根据住院期间血糖监测频数,分为5点血糖监测组和7点血糖监测组。所有患者在空腹血糖≤7.0mmol/L,餐后血糖<10.0mmol/L,血糖平稳2d后出院。比较两组患者住院天数、医疗花费及血糖控制情况方面的不同。 结果 7点血糖监测组患者较5点血糖监测组住院天数明显缩短、总住院费用、药品费用、治疗费用明显降低(P<0.05),但两组患者检查化验费用及日治疗费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在血糖控制方面,7点血糖监测组较5点血糖监测组可以更有效地控制血糖平稳达标,减少血糖波动。 结论 住院T2DM患者每日7点血糖监测明显缩短住院天数、降低住院花费,有效控制血糖,减少血糖波动。
[关键词] 2型糖尿病;血糖监测;医疗花费
[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2014)08-23-03
Investigation of the different frequency of blood glucose monitoring for medical cost and glycemic control in hospitalized patients with T2DM
XU Jianxiang1 LI Juanjuan1 GUO Guixi1 LI Hui1 ZHANG Lei2 JIANG Guohui2DONG Yanhu2
1.Clinical Medicine of Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261042, China; 2.Qingdao Endocrinology Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of frequency of blood glucose monitoring on the number of days of hospitalization, medical costs and glycemic control in hospitalized patients with T2DM. Methods 1000 patients with T2DM patients were randomly selected in our hospital, according to the number of daily monitoring of blood glucose during hospitalization, blood glucose monitoring group divided 5 and 7 point blood glucose monitoring group. Two groups patients received lifestyle intervention guidance and regular hypoglycemic therapy, all patients in the FPG≤7.0mmol/L, PPG<10.0mmol/L, patients discharged from hospital after blood glucose stable two days. Comparison of two groups of patients hospital stay, health care costs and glycemic control in different situations. Results 7 point glucose monitoring group was significantly shorter hospital stay and total hospital costs, drug costs, treatment costs, day hospitalization cost was significantly lower (P<0.05), but two groups of patients laboratory examination fee and the cost of treatment days was no significant difference P>0.05). In glycemic control, 7 point glucose monitoring groups can more effectively control blood sugar steady and compliance, reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia. Conclusion Daily 7 point glucose monitoring in hospitalized patients with T2DM can significantly shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce hospital spending, effectively control blood sugar and reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia.
[Key words] Type 2 diabetes; Blood glucose monitoring; Medical costs
糖尿病的治疗是以糖尿病教育、运动治疗、饮食控制、药物治疗及血糖监测为主的综合管理,其中血糖监测是糖尿病综合治疗的基石[1]。血糖监测可以提示患者血糖控制情况,是调整治疗方案的重要依据[2-3]。本研究主要探讨住院T2DM患者血糖监测频次对住院天数、医疗花费及血糖控制情况方面的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
从我院2006~2013年期间住院的T2DM患者中随机选取1000例患者,男490例,女510例,年龄(61.6±10.5)年,病程(6.7±4.3)年。入选者符合1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准。排除标准:1型糖尿病、糖尿病等急性并发症、合并严重血管及神经病变者等。根据血糖监测的频次,分为5点血糖监测组500例(男240例,女260例)及7点血糖监测组500例(男250例,女250例)。5点及7点血糖监测组空腹血糖(FPG)分别为(8.26±2.62)mmol/L、(8.35±3.16)mmol/L,餐后2h血糖(PPG)分别为(13.84±5.25)mmol/L、(13.45±4.72)mmol/L,糖化血清蛋白(GSP)分别为(312.95±56.95)μmol/L、(325.82±62.75)μmol/L。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
5点血糖监测组每日监测空腹、三餐后2h及睡前血糖。7点血糖监测组每日监测三餐前、三餐后2h及睡前血糖。两组均接受生活方式干预及降糖药物治疗。依照《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2010年版)》[4]标准,空腹血糖≤7.0mmol/L,餐后2h血糖<10.0mmol/L,血糖平稳2d后出院。
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1.3 统计学方法
数据的统计分析采用SPSS18.0软件,计量资料采用t检验,显著性水准α设置为0.05。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者住院天数、医疗花费比较
7点血糖监测组较5点血糖监测组住院天数明显缩短、总住院费、药品费、治疗费明显降低(P<0.05),但两组检查化验费及日均治疗费差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
表1 两组患者住院天数及住院费用比较()
项目 5点血糖监测组 7点血糖监测组 t P
住院天数(d) 17±5 14±6 5.66 0.00
总住院费(元) 12540±3450 11560±2657 7.25 0.00
药品费(元) 5159±1552 4875±1796 3.00 0.03
治疗费(元) 2296±986 1875±758 7.35 0.00
检查化验费(元) 2501±675 2435±705 1.52 0.13
日均治疗费(元) 138±89 131±59 1.81 0.07
2.2 两组患者血糖控制情况比较
两组患者出院时血糖控制指标较入院时明显降低,与入院时比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3 两组患者出院时血糖控制情况比较
出院时7点血糖监测组患者FPG、PPG及
GSP均较5点血糖监测组降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
表2 两组患者血糖指标比较()
组别 FPG(mmol/L) PPG(mmol/L) GSP(μmol/L)
7点血糖监测组
入院时 8.35±3.16 13.45±4.72 325.82±62.75
出院时 6.50±0.42 8.70±1.24 275.14±58.26
t 14.30 15.80 15.84
P 0.00 0.00 0.00
5点血糖监测组
入院时 8.26±2.65 13.84±5.25 312.95±56.95
出院时 6.60±0.37 9.00±0.98 282.64±39.06
t 13.16 18.87 10.10
P 0.00 0.00 0.00
注:糖化血清蛋白(GSP)正常参考值为122~236μmol/L
表3 两组患者出院时血糖控制比较()
观察指标 5点血糖监测组 7点血糖监测组 t P
FPG(mmol/L) 6.70±0.27 6.50±0.42 6.56 0.00
PPG(mmol/L) 9.00±0.98 8.70±1.24 5.30 0.00
GSP(μmol/L) 282.64±39.06 275.14±58.26 2.91 0.04
3 讨论
血糖监测是了解糖尿病患者病情的重要途径,能使患者及时了解病情及血糖波动情况,从而控制血糖达标。血糖控制在正常或接近正常的水平,可显著减少糖尿病并发症的发生或发展[5-7]。
本研究显示,7点血糖监测组患者住院时间明显缩短,总住院费用、药品费用、治疗费用均较5点血糖监测组明显减少。可能因为7点血糖监测比较全面反映患者全天血糖波动情况,缩短血糖调整周期,进而缩短住院天数,减少住院总花费。两组日治疗费用比较差异无统计学意义,说明每日血糖监测费用占每日住院费用的比例较小,对于患者总住院费用的影响是比较小的。
糖化血清蛋白(GSP)是葡萄糖通过非酶促糖基化反应与血清蛋白(主要是白蛋白)形成的产物[8]。由于白蛋白的半衰期约为19d左右,故它可以反映DM患者2~3周的平均血糖水平,可用于评价DM患者短期血糖控制情况[9-11]。出院时,7点血糖监测组空腹、餐后血糖及糖化血清蛋白均较5点血糖监测组显著降低,即7点血糖监测可以有效控制血糖达标。可能因为每日7点血糖监测覆盖了患者全天活动内容,让患者感受到饮食、运动、药物等因素对血糖的影响,有利于患者血糖平稳达标。7点血糖监测增加了午晚餐前血糖的监测,可以指导患者调整午餐及晚餐进食量,指导患者适当调整餐前胰岛素注射量或者口服降糖药物的剂量。血糖监测作为评估患者血糖控制情况贯穿2型糖尿病治疗的始终。对于2型糖尿病患者尤其是正处于药物调整阶段的患者,血糖监测甚至显得比药物本身更加重要,多项研究[12-14]均已证明适当增加血糖监测次数对于2型糖尿病患者血糖控制有益的。研究显示,合理的血糖监测对糖尿病患者的住院转归等临床结局均有益处,直接影响患者的病情控制与慢性并发症的发生和发展[15]。
T2DM患者住院期间每日7点血糖监测不仅使患者了解自身血糖波动情况,了解饮食、运动等因素对血糖的影响,而且还可以减少住院天数,降低医疗费用。
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[11] 刘寒森, 樊霞.糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测的作用[J].医学综述,2012(18):3030-3032.
[12] Helgeson VS,Honcharuk E,Becker D,et al.A focus on blood glucose monitoring: relation to glycemic control and determinants of frequency[J].Pediatric Diabetes,2011,12:25-30.
[13] Polonsky WH,Fisher L,Schikman CH,et al.Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces HbA1c levels in poorly con-trolled,noninsulin—treated type 2 diabetes: results from the Structured Testing Program study[J].Diabetes Care,2011,34(2):262-267.
[14] Nyomba BLG,Berard L,Murphy LJ.Facilitating access to glucometer reagents increases glucose self-monitoring frequency and improves glycemic control:a prospective study in insulin-treated diabetic patients[J].Diabet Med,2004,21:129-135.
[15] Poolsup N,Suksomboon N,Jiamsathit W.Systematic review of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose 0n glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients[J].Diabetes Technol Ther,2008,10(1):51-66.
(收稿日期:2014-02-06)
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[9] David E Goldstein,Randie R Little,Rodney A Lorenz,et al. Tests of glycemia in diabetes[J].Diabetes Care,2004,27(7):1761-1773.
[10] 缪东军, 邓丽萍, 黄晓青.糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测的作用研究[J].中国医药指南-,2013(19):136-137.
[11] 刘寒森, 樊霞.糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测的作用[J].医学综述,2012(18):3030-3032.
[12] Helgeson VS,Honcharuk E,Becker D,et al.A focus on blood glucose monitoring: relation to glycemic control and determinants of frequency[J].Pediatric Diabetes,2011,12:25-30.
[13] Polonsky WH,Fisher L,Schikman CH,et al.Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces HbA1c levels in poorly con-trolled,noninsulin—treated type 2 diabetes: results from the Structured Testing Program study[J].Diabetes Care,2011,34(2):262-267.
[14] Nyomba BLG,Berard L,Murphy LJ.Facilitating access to glucometer reagents increases glucose self-monitoring frequency and improves glycemic control:a prospective study in insulin-treated diabetic patients[J].Diabet Med,2004,21:129-135.
[15] Poolsup N,Suksomboon N,Jiamsathit W.Systematic review of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose 0n glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients[J].Diabetes Technol Ther,2008,10(1):51-66.
(收稿日期:2014-02-06)
endprint
[9] David E Goldstein,Randie R Little,Rodney A Lorenz,et al. Tests of glycemia in diabetes[J].Diabetes Care,2004,27(7):1761-1773.
[10] 缪东军, 邓丽萍, 黄晓青.糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测的作用研究[J].中国医药指南-,2013(19):136-137.
[11] 刘寒森, 樊霞.糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测的作用[J].医学综述,2012(18):3030-3032.
[12] Helgeson VS,Honcharuk E,Becker D,et al.A focus on blood glucose monitoring: relation to glycemic control and determinants of frequency[J].Pediatric Diabetes,2011,12:25-30.
[13] Polonsky WH,Fisher L,Schikman CH,et al.Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces HbA1c levels in poorly con-trolled,noninsulin—treated type 2 diabetes: results from the Structured Testing Program study[J].Diabetes Care,2011,34(2):262-267.
[14] Nyomba BLG,Berard L,Murphy LJ.Facilitating access to glucometer reagents increases glucose self-monitoring frequency and improves glycemic control:a prospective study in insulin-treated diabetic patients[J].Diabet Med,2004,21:129-135.
[15] Poolsup N,Suksomboon N,Jiamsathit W.Systematic review of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose 0n glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients[J].Diabetes Technol Ther,2008,10(1):51-66.
(收稿日期:2014-02-06)
endprint