中考时态与语态考点概要与题例

吴春华

对动词各种时态和语态的考查一直是全国各地中考命题的热点考查内容之一，可以说，离开了动词的时态与语态，英语命题则无法进行。本文拟结合2013年全国部分省市典型中考题中的时态与语态的考点作一归纳，以期对同学们的复习有所帮助。

No.1对各种时态的考查

【知识梳理】

一、一般现在时

1. 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态，常以now, at present以及often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, every day(week/month/ year), once a week等表示频度的副词为时态标志。

2. 一般现在时也可以表示不受任何时间制约的客观事实或普遍真理。

3. 在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或主句中的谓语动词含有can, may, must等情态动词时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如：

What are you going to do when you grow up? 你长大了打算做什么？

I will go to Beijing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我将去北京。

Please hand up if you have the answer to the question. 如果你知道问题的答案，请举手。

If you make a lot of noise, you may disturb others. 如果你发出噪声，你就会影响别人。

【中考链接】

①When you ________ at a restaurant,please order just enough food. （2013年陕西省）

A. ate B. will eat

C. eat D. haven eaten

②If farmers ________ trees and forests, giant pandas ________ nowhere to live. （2013年四川省雅安市）

A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have

C. will cut down; have D. cut down; will have

③The teacher asked the students ________. （2013年黑龙江省绥化市）

A. why the earth went around the sun

B. why does the earth go around the sun

C. why the earth goes around the sun

二、一般过去时

1. 一般过去时可以表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，多以last week, an hour ago, just now, in 2013等单纯表示过去时间的状语为时态标志。

2. 一般过去时也可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，此时句中除了有表示过去时间的状语外，还常有always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes, never, every day等表示频度的副词或短语为时态标志。

3. since引导的现在完成时的句子中，主句谓语动词用现在完成时，从句谓语动词则用一般过去时。例如：Mr. Green has been at this school since he came to China.

【中考链接】

④—Have you had your breakfast yet?

—Yes. Mom _____ it for me. (2013年江西省)

A. was cooking B. is cookingC. will cook D. cooked

⑤Many kids ________ volunteers to help others since the terrible earthquakes _________. (2013年黑龙江省龙东市)

A. have become; happened

B. have been; happened

C. became; have happened

三、现在进行时

1. 现在进行时可以表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，常见的时间状语为now，表示祈使语气的动词有look和listen等。

2. 现在进行时还可以与always等副词连用，表示反复性、一贯性的动作，含有赞扬或批评的感情色彩。例如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for people. 她总是在考虑怎样为人们多做些事情。(表示赞扬)

3. go, come, arrive, leave, start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。例如：We are leaving Beijing for Guangzhou tomorrow. 我们明天要离开北京动身去广州。

【中考链接】

⑥Tom wants to be a singer and he _____ singing lessons to do it. （2013年江西省）

A. took B. has taken

C. is taking D. was taking

⑦—My car ______. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?

—Im sorry I cant. Im _______ London tomorrow morning. （2013年山东省青岛市）

A. is new; leaving B. has broken down; leaving for

C. broke; leaving for D. is expensive; leaving

四、过去进行时

1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常以then, at that time, at this time yesterday等表示特定的过去时间点为时态标志。

2. 表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。前提是都发生在过去，此时常用when来连接其中一个动作。例如：When my uncle came in, I was reading. 叔叔进来的时候，我正在读书。

【中考链接】

⑧—Did you go to the flower show yesterday afternoon？

—No, I ________ my homework then. （2013年黑龙江省大庆市）

A. did B. have done

C. was doing D. am doing

⑨—I phoned you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but nobody answered me.

—Sorry. I ________ the flowers in the garden at that time. （2013年江苏省宿迁市）

A. was watering B. am watering

C. water D. will water

五、一般将来时

1. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及按计划或安排将要进行的动作，一般将来时有be going to do, will/ shall do, be about to do等多种表达形式。

2. 在含有时间状语从句(when, as soon as等)和条件状语从句（if, unless等）的主从复合句中，若主句谓语动词用一般将来时，从句谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间。

【温馨提示】There be结构的一般将来时应为There is/ are going to/ will be...。例如：

今晚我们学校将上演一场英文电影。

There is going to have an English film in our school this evening．（×）

There is going to/ will be an English film in our school this evening．（√）

【中考链接】

⑩—Which team do you think ______ the game?

—Hard to say. There are still ten minutes before it ends. (2013年浙江省丽水市)

A. won B. has won

C. will win D. wins

{11}—Theres going to _______ an English evening tonight. Would you like to go with us?

—Id love to. (2013年贵州省铜仁市)

A. have B. has

C. is D. be

六、现在完成时

1. 现在完成时可以表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，它常与already, just, yet, before, ever, never等词连用。

2. 现在完成时也可以表示发生在过去的某一动作一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续延续下去，此时常与“for + 一段时间”或“since + 过去时间点 / 谓语动词为一般过去时的从句”连用。 但在肯定句中与一段时间连用时谓语动词须用延续性动词。例如：I have been away from Beijing for over twenty years. 我离开北京二十多年了。

【中考链接】

{12}Your foreign teacher Miss Smith ______ us English since five years ago. （2013年新疆维吾尔自治区）

A. taught B. in teaching

C. has taught D. teaches

{13}—Look at these stamps. I ______ them for five years.

—Wow, they are wonderful. （2013 年湖南省衡阳市）

A. kept B. have kept

C. have bought

{14}—Jane, when did you come here？

—In 2010. I ________ here for two years. (2013年贵州省铜仁市)

A. have been to B. have gone to

C. have come D. have been

七、过去完成时

1. 过去完成时表示到过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即指“过去的过去”。此时常与by, when等引导的时间状语连用。例如： When I got to the bus stop, the bus had already gone. 我到达汽车站时汽车已经开走了。

2. 过去完成时也可以表示某一动作在过去某一时间已经开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间，此时常与for或since引起的时间状语连用。

【中考链接】

{15}—We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didnt you come？

—Because I _______ that movie twice. （2013年湖北省襄阳市）

A. have watched B. had watched

C. was watching D. would watch

No.2对被动语态的考查

【知识梳理】

1. 被动语态表示的是主语是动作的承受者。当我们不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者以及需要强调动作的承受者时，通常要用被动语态。

2. 在做被动语态的考题时一般要注意两点：①掌握各种时态的被动语态结构；②注意不同的时间状语和被动语态的关系。各种时态的被动语态结构见下表：

■

【温馨提示】

①有些由“动词 + 介词”或“动词 + 副词”或“动词+ 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词，如look after, talk about, listen to, take care of, pay attention to, wake up, laugh at, write down 等，在意义上相当于一个及物动词，在变为被动语态时，要将整个短语动词视为一个整体，而不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：The old man was looked after by the child when he was ill.

②主动语态中的动词不定式在see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, have, make等动词后充当宾语补足语时， 常省去to， 但在被动语态中却不能省略。例如：The boy was made to sit down by him.

③有些动词如sell, write, wash, cook，be worth doing等的主动形式常用来表示被动意义。还有一些句式中的主语和谓语之间不存在被动关系，因而常用其主动形式来表达被动含义。例如：This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 这种米做饭比那种熟得快。The film is very interesting and is well worth seeing. 这部电影很有趣，颇值得一看。

【中考链接】

{16}The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book _____ into French as soon as it came out. （2013年江西省）

A. was translated B. translated

C. is translated D. translates

{17}Many comic books ______ into cartoons in the past 40 years. （2013年海南省三亚市）

A. make C. are made

C. have make D. have been made

{18}—What languages ______ in that country?

—German and English. （2013年天津市）

A. are speaking B. are spoken

C. speak D. is spoken

{19}From May 6, pedestrians（行人) ______ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.（2013年湖北省咸宁市）

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

{20}—Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.

—I think a bridge _______ over the river. （2013年山东省滨州市）

A. should be built B. should build

C. will build D. has built

{21}—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. （2013年湖北省黄冈市）

A. must give B. must be give

C. must be given D. must be gave

{22}If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh. （2013年内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市）

A. be made B. be made to

C. make to D. make

{23}It ______ last week that the haze（雾霾） in Beijing caused many problems. （2013年广东省）

A. reports B. reported

C. is reported D. was reported

Keys: 1 - 5C D C D B 6-10 C B C A C

11-15 D C B D B 16-20 A D B D A

21-23 C B D

A. was translated B. translated

C. is translated D. translates

{17}Many comic books ______ into cartoons in the past 40 years. （2013年海南省三亚市）

A. make C. are made

C. have make D. have been made

{18}—What languages ______ in that country?

—German and English. （2013年天津市）

A. are speaking B. are spoken

C. speak D. is spoken

{19}From May 6, pedestrians（行人) ______ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.（2013年湖北省咸宁市）

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

{20}—Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.

—I think a bridge _______ over the river. （2013年山东省滨州市）

A. should be built B. should build

C. will build D. has built

{21}—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. （2013年湖北省黄冈市）

A. must give B. must be give

C. must be given D. must be gave

{22}If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh. （2013年内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市）

A. be made B. be made to

C. make to D. make

{23}It ______ last week that the haze（雾霾） in Beijing caused many problems. （2013年广东省）

A. reports B. reported

C. is reported D. was reported

Keys: 1 - 5C D C D B 6-10 C B C A C

11-15 D C B D B 16-20 A D B D A

21-23 C B D

A. was translated B. translated

C. is translated D. translates

{17}Many comic books ______ into cartoons in the past 40 years. （2013年海南省三亚市）

A. make C. are made

C. have make D. have been made

{18}—What languages ______ in that country?

—German and English. （2013年天津市）

A. are speaking B. are spoken

C. speak D. is spoken

{19}From May 6, pedestrians（行人) ______ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.（2013年湖北省咸宁市）

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

{20}—Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.

—I think a bridge _______ over the river. （2013年山东省滨州市）

A. should be built B. should build

C. will build D. has built

{21}—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. （2013年湖北省黄冈市）

A. must give B. must be give

C. must be given D. must be gave

{22}If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh. （2013年内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市）

A. be made B. be made to

C. make to D. make

{23}It ______ last week that the haze（雾霾） in Beijing caused many problems. （2013年广东省）

A. reports B. reported

C. is reported D. was reported

Keys: 1 - 5C D C D B 6-10 C B C A C

11-15 D C B D B 16-20 A D B D A

21-23 C B D