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基于生态足迹理论的凤阳县矿产资源规划生态承载力分析

2014-07-11林保国等

绿色科技 2014年3期
关键词:生态足迹矿产资源

林保国等

摘要:采用可变世界单产法计算了2007~2011年凤阳县的生态足迹,得出人均生态盈余由2007年的1412hm2下降到2011年的1263hm2,说明了近年来凤阳县人口对自然资源的消费量逐年增加,生态足迹与生态承载力之间的矛盾加剧。根据凤阳县矿产资源总体规划实施内容,规划末期2015年人均生态足迹为0960hm2/人,生态承载力为2013hm2/人,生态盈余为1053hm2/人,评价区域仍有一定的生态承载力,说明规划区在规划的指导下有序、合理的开发,生态承载力能满足凤阳县矿产资源规划方案的实施。

关键词:生态足迹;生态承载力;矿产资源;凤阳县

1引言

生态足迹理论是加拿大生态经济学家EWilliam及其博士生MWackernagel于20世纪90年代初首先提出并完善的一种可持续发展的生物物理评价方法。该方法从一个全新的角度考虑人类及其发展与生态环境的关系,提供了一个核算全球、国家、地区以及个人对自然资本利用状况的简明框架,通过测算人类对自然生态服务的需求与自然所能够提供的生态服务之间的差距,评价人类对自然资源的利用情况,从而较准确地判定评价对象的可持续发展程度和状况[1]。

以Wackernagel 为代表的“加拿大生态足迹小组”,首先应用生态足迹分析法在全球、国家和城市(区域)3个层面上进行了较为成功的相关分析[2~5]。1999年生态足迹的概念被引入国内,区域生态足迹研究的实践成果最早见于2000年,国内多名学者分别对生态足迹从理论、方法、计算模型及其应用方面进行了评价。2004年,生态足迹分析法陆续被引入环境影响评价领域。如刘海涛等(2004年)基于能值生态足迹模型研究了内蒙古自治区生态承载力;陈述文等(2007年)以重庆市为例将生态足迹法的应用在土地规划环境影响评价中;陈秋林等以湖南常德市鼎城区1998年和2006年统计年鉴的数据为依据,计算分析了鼎城区规划实施期间1997年和2005年的生态足迹;林扬碧(2009年)分类生态足迹在区域环境影响评价中的研究与应用。

本文利用资源生产与消费数据对凤阳县2007~2011年生态足迹进行了计算分析,将矿产资源开发利用的动态特征融入到生态足迹模型中,根据凤阳县矿产资源总体规划实施内容,计算2015年矿区的生态足迹和承载力,为凤阳县矿产资源开发利用的可持续发展提供定量的决策参考依据。

4结论与建议

(1)凤阳县2007~2011年的生态足迹进行计算结果表明,人均生态足迹不断增加,而人均生态承载力呈反方向发展趋势,导致生态盈余不断减少。考虑到未来矿产资源的不断开采、人口增长及人们生活水平的提高,以往粗放式的矿产资源开采方式使这种不可持续状态将还会加剧。

(2)根据凤阳县矿产资源总体规划实施内容,规划末期2015年人均生态足迹为0960hm2/人,生态承载力为2013hm2/人,生态盈余为1053hm2/人,评价区域仍有一定的生态承载力,规划区在规划的指导下有序、合理的开发,生态承载力能满足凤阳县矿产资源规划方案的实施。

(3)本次研究以凤阳县矿产资源规划生态承载力分析为例,研究区域较小,部分数据获得较难,且计算中选取的均衡因子和产量因子采用的是全国平均数值,还缺少对当地实际的不同类型生物生产性土地产量调整系数,因此,还需要针对当地具体情况开展基础研究工作,才能使生态足迹供给模型更有效、更科学地应用到生态承载能力评价当中。

参考文献:

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[5] Wackernagel M,Monfreda C,Erb,K-H,et alEcological footprint time series of Australia,the Philippines,and South Korea for 1961~1999:comparing the conventional approach to an '“actual land area”approach[J]Land Use Policy,2004,21(3):261~269

[6] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,Bello P,et alNational natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept[J]Ecol Econ,1999,29:375~390

[7] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,Bello PetalEcological Footprint of Nations[R]Commissioned by the Earth Council for the Rio+5 ForumInternational council for local Environmental InitiativesToronto:JCLEI,1997

[8] Wackernagel M,David Y JThe ecological footprint:an indicator of process toward regional sustainability[J]Environment Monitoring and Assessment,1998(51):511~529endprint

[9] Hardip,Barg S,Hodge TMeasuring sustainable development:Review of current practice[R]Occasional paper number 17,1997

[10] 滁州市统计局滁州统计年鉴(2008~2012)[R]滁州:滁州市统计局,2012

Abstract:Ecological footprint is an important indicator to analyze the sustainable use of natural resourcesThis article calculates the ecological footprint of Fengyang County from 2007 to 2011 by adopting variable world yield methodThe results show that the ecological surplus per capita has decreased from 1412 hm2 of2007 to 1263 hm2 of2011,which is highly possibly resulted from gradually increased natural resource development in the past few yearsIt shows the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going upAccording to mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County,in the year of 2015,theecological footprint per capitawill reach0960 hm2,the ecological capacity per capitawill reach2013 hm2 and ecological surplus per capita willreach1053 hm2It indicates that the ecological capacity can fulfill the implementation of mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County if the development is under scientific and reasonable indication

Key words:ecological footprint;ecological capacity;mineral resources;Fengyang Countyendprint

[9] Hardip,Barg S,Hodge TMeasuring sustainable development:Review of current practice[R]Occasional paper number 17,1997

[10] 滁州市统计局滁州统计年鉴(2008~2012)[R]滁州:滁州市统计局,2012

Abstract:Ecological footprint is an important indicator to analyze the sustainable use of natural resourcesThis article calculates the ecological footprint of Fengyang County from 2007 to 2011 by adopting variable world yield methodThe results show that the ecological surplus per capita has decreased from 1412 hm2 of2007 to 1263 hm2 of2011,which is highly possibly resulted from gradually increased natural resource development in the past few yearsIt shows the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going upAccording to mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County,in the year of 2015,theecological footprint per capitawill reach0960 hm2,the ecological capacity per capitawill reach2013 hm2 and ecological surplus per capita willreach1053 hm2It indicates that the ecological capacity can fulfill the implementation of mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County if the development is under scientific and reasonable indication

Key words:ecological footprint;ecological capacity;mineral resources;Fengyang Countyendprint

[9] Hardip,Barg S,Hodge TMeasuring sustainable development:Review of current practice[R]Occasional paper number 17,1997

[10] 滁州市统计局滁州统计年鉴(2008~2012)[R]滁州:滁州市统计局,2012

Abstract:Ecological footprint is an important indicator to analyze the sustainable use of natural resourcesThis article calculates the ecological footprint of Fengyang County from 2007 to 2011 by adopting variable world yield methodThe results show that the ecological surplus per capita has decreased from 1412 hm2 of2007 to 1263 hm2 of2011,which is highly possibly resulted from gradually increased natural resource development in the past few yearsIt shows the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going upAccording to mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County,in the year of 2015,theecological footprint per capitawill reach0960 hm2,the ecological capacity per capitawill reach2013 hm2 and ecological surplus per capita willreach1053 hm2It indicates that the ecological capacity can fulfill the implementation of mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County if the development is under scientific and reasonable indication

Key words:ecological footprint;ecological capacity;mineral resources;Fengyang Countyendprint

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