辛伐他汀联合依折麦布对ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响
2014-07-07李建华张照研豆峰娜晏沐阳
李建华,周 喆,张照研,豆峰娜,周 叶,晏沐阳
1解放军总医院 老年心血管病研究所,北京 100853;2军事医学科学院放射与辐射研究所,北京 100850
辛伐他汀联合依折麦布对ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响
李建华1,周 喆2,张照研2,豆峰娜2,周 叶1,晏沐阳1
1解放军总医院 老年心血管病研究所,北京 100853;2军事医学科学院放射与辐射研究所,北京 100850
目的 观察辛伐他汀联合依折麦布对高脂喂养的ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的作用。方法 选取8周龄雄性AopE-/-小鼠36只,随机分为模型组、辛伐他汀组和联合组,辛伐他汀组给予辛伐他汀20 mg/kg灌胃,联合组给予20 mg/kg辛伐他汀和10 mg/kg依折麦布灌胃,模型组给予等量磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)灌胃。灌胃1次/d,连续8周后,取主动脉全程进行油红O染色,计算斑块面积百分比。结果辛伐他汀组及联合组的血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平明显低于模型组(P<0.01),其中联合组TG和LDL-C水平降低更明显(与辛伐他汀组比较,P<0.01),联合组HDL-C/LDL-C比值较模型组和辛伐他汀组明显升高(P<0.001)。辛伐他汀组和联合组主动脉斑块面积百分比显著小于模型组(P<0.05),联合组减小更显著(P<0.01)。结论辛伐他汀联合依折麦布对动脉粥样硬化的抑制作用更明显。
辛伐他汀;依折麦布;动脉粥样硬化;ApoE基因敲除鼠
目前认为,动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成是冠心病、心肌梗死等缺血性心血管疾病的最主要病因。因此,动脉粥样硬化斑块的防治工作也越来越受到国内外临床医师的重视。大量研究表明,他汀类药物能够在一定程度上消退斑块,其已经作为一线药物,广泛应用于冠心病的一级、二级预防[1-3]。依折麦布为胆固醇吸收抑制剂,通过附着于小肠细胞的刷状缘,抑制尼曼-匹克C1型类似蛋白(Niemann-Pick C1 like 1,NPC1L1)的活性,选择性地抑制胆固醇和植物固醇的吸收[4]。一些临床试验证实,他汀类药物联合依折麦布能够提高患者血脂的达标率[5-7]。但是,他汀类药物联合依折麦布对斑块抑制或消退的作用却鲜有报道。本实验利用ApoE-/-小鼠的动脉粥样硬化模型,通过检测其血脂和相应形态学指标,进一步探讨辛伐他汀联合依折麦布的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。
材料和方法
1 主要试剂与仪器 辛伐他汀片(杭州默沙东公司);依折麦布片(杭州默沙东公司);油红O染色试剂盒(北京博奥森生物技术有限公司);血脂测定试剂盒(北京中杉生物科技有限公司)。实体显微镜(OLYMPUS SZ61);分光光度仪(日本导津,UV21206)。
2 实验动物与分组 选取8周龄雄性以C57BL/6J为遗传背景的AopE-/-小鼠36只(北京大学医学部动物中心提供),随机分为模型组、辛伐他汀组和联合组,每组12只。动物适应2周后,给予高脂饮食(常规小鼠饲料+ 21%脂肪+ 0.15%胆固醇,北京科澳协力公司提供)。高脂喂养9周后,对小鼠进行干预,辛伐他汀组每天给予20 mg/kg辛伐他汀、联合组每天给予20 mg/kg辛伐他汀和10 mg/kg依折麦布溶于一定量的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)灌胃,模型组给予等量PBS灌胃。连续灌胃8周后处死取材,处死前禁食12 h,不禁水。
3 血脂测定 实验结束后(鼠龄27周),麻醉小鼠心脏采血,置于离心机离心(3 000 r/min,离心15 min),留取血清,用酶法分析,用分光光度仪(日本导津,UV21206)测定样本的吸光度(A)值,并根据标准液与待测样本A值之比计算出血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)等。
4 病理观察 2%硫喷妥钠5 mg/100 g腹腔注射麻醉小鼠后,用PBS经左心室灌流,在实体显微镜下分离小鼠主动脉全程,4%多聚甲醛固定,20%蔗糖脱水,然后纵行剖开主动脉,采用油红O染色,并应用Image J软件分析主动脉斑块/血管内膜表面积比例。
5 统计学方法 采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行分析。数据以x-±s表示,组间差异采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结 果
1 3组小鼠体质量变化 3组小鼠体质量随时间均出现不同程度的增加,实验结束时,模型组、辛伐他汀组、联合组体质量分别为(31.0±1.6) g、(30.5±2.6) g和(28.3±1.4) g。联合组小鼠体质量较模型组(P<0.01)和辛伐他汀组(P<0.05)显著减轻。模型组与辛伐他汀组体质量差异无统计学意义,见图1。
2 3组小鼠血脂水平变化 辛伐他汀组和联合组的TG、TC、LDL-C较模型组显著降低(P<0.01)。联合组降低更明显,其中TG、LDL-C的降低幅度较辛伐他汀组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)(表1)。辛伐他汀组的HDL-C/LDL-C值为0.17±0.005,虽然较模型组(0.15±0.003)略微上升,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.09)。联合组HDL-C/LDL-C比值(4.829±0.480)升高明显,与辛伐他汀组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),见图2。
3 主动脉斑块形态学比较 取主动脉全段,纵行剖开,对3组小鼠的主动脉内膜进行油红O染色。观察可见,模型组小鼠主动脉内膜有明显的局灶性红染,说明动脉内膜下大量泡沫细胞聚集;辛伐他汀组和联合组动脉内膜着色均明显变淡(图3)。应用Image J软件分析3组小鼠斑块占主动脉内膜面积百分比,模型组、辛伐他汀组和联合组分别为(54.50±15.41)%、(33.69±9.72)%及(20.62±3.25)%,提示辛伐他汀组和联合组斑块面积百分比均显著降低(P<0.05),联合组降低更明显,但与辛伐他汀组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见图4。
表1 3组小鼠血脂水平比较Tab. 1 Serum lipid levels in 3 groups
讨 论
动脉粥样硬化是冠心病、心肌梗死等缺血性心血管疾病共同的病理基础,其发病率逐年升高,严重危害人类生命健康。动脉粥样硬化斑块消退与心血管事件呈负相关,稳定和消退斑块能显著降低心血管恶性事件[8-10]。
他汀类药物稳定和消退斑块的作用已经成为共识。JAPAN-ACS研究在日本33个中心纳入了307名经皮冠状动脉介入术术后的患者随机分为2组,并给予匹伐他汀4 mg/d或阿托伐他汀20 mg/d的强化调脂治疗,采用血管内超声评估基线和治疗8 ~ 12个月后斑块体积百分比(percent atheroma volume,PAV)的变化[11]。结果显示,匹伐他汀组PAV下降16.9%,阿托伐他汀组下降18.1%(P=0.5)。两种他汀强化降脂的治疗方案均能实现斑块消退。但他汀降脂治疗仍存在一定局限性,它只能使一小部分患者血脂达标,而且存在“6%规律”,即在他汀类药物初始剂量的基础上增加1倍的剂量,其降低LDL-C水平的疗效只增加6%。强化他汀治疗引起的肝毒性和肌病等不良反应也是一个不可忽视的问题[12-14]。依折麦布和他汀类药物降脂作用互补,两者联合既降低了胆固醇的体内合成,又减少了胆固醇的肠道吸收,具有良好的协同作用,且安全性好,成为近年来研究热点。大量临床试验对两者联合用药效果进行评价,并得到了肯定的结论。Mikhailidis等[15]的荟萃分析把原发性家族性高胆固醇血症患者随机分成2组,即联合用药组(依折麦布和他汀)和他汀组(双倍剂量的他汀),随访发现联合用药组能更加显著地降低LDL-C。Yunoki等[5]证实他汀类联合依折麦布治疗效果比单用他汀类药物更加突出,提高内皮功能的效果更加显著。SHARP研究证实,辛伐他汀20 mg联合依折麦布10 mg治疗不仅能显著地降低LDL-C,而且心源性死亡、心肌梗死、非出血性卒中等主要临床终点事件也比他汀组减少17%[16]。
图1 3组小鼠体质量随时间的变化Fig. 1 Body weight in 3 groups at different time points
图2 3组小鼠血脂HDL-C/LDL-C比值Fig. 2 HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in model group (1), simvastatin treatment group (2), and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (3)aP<0.001, vs simvastatin treatment group
图3 3组ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉油红O染色对比Fig. 3 Aorta tissue sample from ApoE-/-mice stained with oil red O from model group (l),simvastatin treatment group (2), and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (3)
图4 3组小鼠主动脉油红O染色斑块面积百分比Fig. 4 Area of plaques in aorta tissue samples stained with oil red Ofrom model group (l), simvastatin treatment group (2), andcombined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (3)aP<0.05,bP<0.01, vs model group
在本实验中,联合用药组体质量增加最小,这可能与依折麦布显著降低胆固醇肠吸收的作用有关。联合用药组和辛伐他汀组都能显著降低ApoE-/-小鼠的TG、LDL-C和TC水平,联合用药组降低更明显,验证了依折麦布和他汀类药物调脂方面的协同互补作用。另外,我们发现联合组能够显著升高HDL-C/LDL-C比值,过去已证实升高HDL-C/LDL-C比值能够获得更大的心血管获益[17-18]。主动脉全程油红“O”染色显示,辛伐他汀组和联合用药组动脉粥样硬化均显著消退,但联合用药组消退更明显。
综上所述,依折麦布联合辛伐他汀能够更有效地降低血脂水平,稳定和消退动脉粥样硬化斑块的作用更明显。依折麦布联合他汀药物疗效更优。
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Effect of combined simvastatin and ezetimibe on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice
LI Jian-hua1, ZHOU Zhe2, ZHANG Zhao-yan2, DOU Feng-na2, ZHOU Ye1, YAN Mu-yang1
1Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;2Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
YAN Mu-yang. Email: yanmy301@sina.com; ZHOU Zhe. Email: zhouzhe76@163.com
Objective To study the effect of combined simvastatin and ezetimibe on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice on a high-fat diet.MethodsThirty-six male ApoE-/-mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into model group, simvastatin treatment group and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (12 in each group). Animals in simvastatin treatment group were treated with intragastric simvastatin (20 mg/kg), those in combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group were treated with intragastric simvastatin (20 mg/kg) and ezetimibe (10 mg/kg), and those in model group
PBS buffer, once a day for 8 weeks. Aorta tissue sample taken from the animals were stained with oil red O to measure the area of their plaques.ResultsThe serum TG, TC and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in simvastatin treatment group and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in model group (P<0.01). The serum TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in simvastatin treatment group (P<0.01) whereas the HDL-C/ LDL-C ratio was significantly higher in combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in model group and simvastatin treatment group (P<0.01). The area of plaques was significantly smaller in simvastatin treatment group and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Combined simvastatin and ezetimibe inhibits atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice more significantly than simvastatin alone.
simvastatin; ezetimibe; atherosclerosis; ApoE knockout mice
R 543
A
2095-5227(2014)04-0353-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.04.016
时间:2014-03-10 17:37
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.04.015.html
2013-11-01
国家自然科学基金项目(81073093)
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81073093)
李建华,男,在读硕士。研究方向:动脉粥样硬化基础与临床。Email: lijianhua301@126.com
晏沐阳,男,主任医师。Email: yanmy301@sina.com;周喆,男,副研究员。Email: zhouzhe76@163.com