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解析同位语从句

2014-07-03朱章丹

高中生学习·高二版 2014年5期
关键词:同位语主句先行

朱章丹

在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列, 补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句, 被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。

一、同位语从句的引导词

1. 由that引导

(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了并不意味着是被偷了。

注意 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

2. 由whether引导

(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题

注意 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词、连接副词引导

(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中的位置一般紧跟在名词之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔开,称为分隔式同位语从句。

(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆

(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。

三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是限制所修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,并描述先行次的性质或者特征,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

Ill never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。

The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。

1. Its none of your business . (engage)

玛丽与谁订婚不关你的事。

2. Despite the fact , he will never give up. (fail)

尽管他失败了许多次,但是他是不会放弃的。

3. Finally,the workers got an answer . (raise)

最后,工人们得到的答复是政府不能做任何事来提高他们的工资。

4. Is there any possibility at the airport?(pick)

有没有任何可能性你能到机场来接我?

1. who will engage to Mary

2. that he has failed for many times

3. that government could do nothing to raise their wages

4. that you could pick me upendprint

在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列, 补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句, 被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。

一、同位语从句的引导词

1. 由that引导

(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了并不意味着是被偷了。

注意 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

2. 由whether引导

(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题

注意 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词、连接副词引导

(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中的位置一般紧跟在名词之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔开,称为分隔式同位语从句。

(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆

(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。

三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是限制所修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,并描述先行次的性质或者特征,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

Ill never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。

The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。

1. Its none of your business . (engage)

玛丽与谁订婚不关你的事。

2. Despite the fact , he will never give up. (fail)

尽管他失败了许多次,但是他是不会放弃的。

3. Finally,the workers got an answer . (raise)

最后,工人们得到的答复是政府不能做任何事来提高他们的工资。

4. Is there any possibility at the airport?(pick)

有没有任何可能性你能到机场来接我?

1. who will engage to Mary

2. that he has failed for many times

3. that government could do nothing to raise their wages

4. that you could pick me upendprint

在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列, 补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句, 被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。

一、同位语从句的引导词

1. 由that引导

(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了并不意味着是被偷了。

注意 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

2. 由whether引导

(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题

注意 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词、连接副词引导

(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中的位置一般紧跟在名词之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔开,称为分隔式同位语从句。

(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆

(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。

三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是限制所修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,并描述先行次的性质或者特征,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

Ill never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。

The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。

1. Its none of your business . (engage)

玛丽与谁订婚不关你的事。

2. Despite the fact , he will never give up. (fail)

尽管他失败了许多次,但是他是不会放弃的。

3. Finally,the workers got an answer . (raise)

最后,工人们得到的答复是政府不能做任何事来提高他们的工资。

4. Is there any possibility at the airport?(pick)

有没有任何可能性你能到机场来接我?

1. who will engage to Mary

2. that he has failed for many times

3. that government could do nothing to raise their wages

4. that you could pick me upendprint

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