BNP对在体大鼠I/R损伤心肌细胞凋亡及氧化应激的影响
2014-06-19董小莉谭宁邓宇珺
董小莉,谭宁,邓宇珺
(1.海南省人民医院心血管内科,海南海口570311;2.广东省医学科学院广东省人民医院广东省心血管病研究所心血管内科,广东广州510080)
·论著·
BNP对在体大鼠I/R损伤心肌细胞凋亡及氧化应激的影响
董小莉1,谭宁2,邓宇珺2
(1.海南省人民医院心血管内科,海南海口570311;2.广东省医学科学院广东省人民医院广东省心血管病研究所心血管内科,广东广州510080)
目的 探讨脑利钠肽对心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分入对照组(S组)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)、BNP0.005组及BNP0.01组,每组6只,制作在体心肌缺血再灌注模型,分别使用上述干预,再灌注结束后摘取心脏,检测心肌标本超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(Malondiadehyde,MDA)及心肌细胞凋亡指数(Apoptotic index,AI)。结果S组、I/R组、BNP 0.005组、BNP 0.01组SOD分别为(195.78±21.45)U/mg、(84.35±9.03)U/mg、(125.66±18.06)U/mg、(161.83±15.49)U/mg;MDA分别为(2.73±0.41)nmol/mg、(7.36±0.51)nmol/mg、(4.46±0.47)nmol/mg、(3.69±0.38)nmol/mg;AI分别为(3.84±2.53)%/ (43.63±3.70)%/(22.13±2.85)%、(14.21±2.77)%。各组间SOD、MDA活力及AI差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);相较于其他组,BNP各组均具有较高的SOD活力和更低的MDA活力及AI水平(P<0.001),而相较于BNP 0.005组,BNP 0.01组SOD活力更高(P=0.001),MDA活力及AI水平更低(P值分别为0.007和0.012)。结论BNP后处理可能通过减少氧自由基而对缺血再灌注损伤的心肌具有保护作用,且这种保护作用可能与浓度相关。
心肌缺血再灌注损伤;脑利钠肽;凋亡;氧化应激
早期开通闭塞的冠状动脉是限制和缩小急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)面积、改善左心室功能的关键,但大量的动物实验和临床观察发现,再灌注在改善心肌供血的同时可能加重心肌缺血所造成的损伤,即心肌缺血再灌注损伤(Ischemia-reperfusion injury,IRI)[1-2]。如何减轻IRI已成为心脏介入治疗的重要课题。心肌缺血预处理和缺血后处理是近年来研究的重点,尤其是药物后处理,因为其可操作性更强,可能具有的临床意义更大而被广泛研究。近年的研究发现,脑利钠肽(Brain Natriuretic Peptide,BNP)在动物离体心脏及细胞水平实验研究中具有类似于缺血预处理和后处理的抗IRI的作用,可以通过激活环磷鸟嘌呤核苷(Cyclic guanosinc monophosphate,cGMP),一氧化氮合酶(Nitric oxide synthase,NOS)等途径产生一系列心肌保护作用,如减轻再灌注后心肌抑顿,减少心梗面积及细胞凋亡等[1-5]。而在体实验相对于离体及细胞水平实验可以更为准确的反映药物在体内的代谢及作用,但目前尚无关于BNP后处理对IRI时心肌细胞凋亡影响的在体动物实验报道,因此本研究通过建立SD大鼠在体心肌I/R损伤模型,探讨不同浓度BNP后处理对IRI时心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用及其可能机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验动物分组选用健康雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠24只,(300±50)g,随机分成4组,每组6只:S组、I/R组、BNP 0.005组及BN P 0.01组,各组间重量差异无统计学意义(F=0.051,P=0.985)。后三组分别于缺血后10 min开始经尾静脉恒速泵入生理盐水、BNP 0.005 μg/(kg·min)及BNP 0.01 μg/(kg·min)直至再灌注结束。
1.2 大鼠在体心肌缺血-再灌流损伤模型建立根据参考文献[6-11]并加以改进,建立大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型:在体结扎冠状动脉前降支近段使心肌缺血35 min后放开活结再灌注120 min,实验过程中持续心电监护,以再灌注15 min内ST段、T波回落>50%作为冠状动脉再通的指标。不符合上述心电图标准者剔除出实验。
1.3 检测指标及方法每只均检测心肌组织SOD及MDA,其中前3只兼用于检测心肌细胞AI。检测方法分别为黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥法及TUNEL(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling)法。
1.4 统计学方法应用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析。所有实验数据均以均数±标准差(±s)表示,多组间比较使用单因素方差分析,有显著差异者用LSD检验进行两两比较,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 各组SOD、MDA及AI水平比较经单因素方差分析显示,各组间SOD、MDA活力及AI差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相较于其他组,BNP各组均具有较高的SOD活力和更低的MDA及AI水平;而相较于BNP 0.005组,BNP 0.01组SOD活力更高,MDA活力及AI水平更低,上述各项指标比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),见表1。
表1 各组SOD、MDA及AI(±s)
表1 各组SOD、MDA及AI(±s)
注:与BNP 0.005组比较,aP=0.001;与BNP 0.005组比较,bP=0.007;与BNP 0.005组比较abP=0.012,差异有统计学意义;其余各组两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。
2.2 TUENL法检测心肌细胞凋亡心肌冰冻切片(3 μm)TUNEL染色,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下拍照(400×)。正常细胞核显示蓝色荧光;凋亡细胞核显示蓝绿色荧光。S组(图1A)仅有数个凋亡细胞,I/R组(图1B)可见大量凋亡细胞,BNP 0.005组(图1C)凋亡细胞较I/R组明显减少,BNP 0.01组(图1D)凋亡细胞减少更为明显。
图1 TUENL法检心肌细胞凋亡
3 讨论
目前对BNP后处理的相关动物实验研究发现,BNP对缺血再灌注心肌的保护机制主要是BNP能与心肌特异性A型利钠肽受体结合,通过BNP/GC/ cGMP信号通路,产生应激性细胞保护作用,增强心肌抗缺血缺氧能力,从而达到减少IRI所造成的心肌细胞凋亡、心肌梗死面积及心肌抑顿等保护作用[12-13]。也有动物实验报道BNP对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用也通过一氧化氮(NO)的途径,使线粒体的ATP敏感性钾通道的开放[14]而获得。而心肌缺血再灌注时的心肌组织重新恢复血流后产生大量活性氧(Active oxygen,ROS)是再灌注损伤最重要的原因之一。
本实验结果显示:BNP后处理各组较I/R组的AI明显下降,且AI降低幅度与BNP浓度呈正相关,提示BNP可以减少I/R时的心肌细胞凋亡,且该作用与BNP浓度相关;同时较之I/R组,BNP后处理各组SOD活性升高,MDA水平降低,提示心肌抗氧化应激能力提高,而这种作用在高浓度BNP组中更明显。由上述结果可得到以下结论:BNP后处理减少大鼠在体I/R心肌细胞凋亡,同时提高心肌组织SOD活性、降低MDA水平这两个间接反映ROS水平下降的指标,提示BNP后处理可能通过减轻I/R时ROS的生成使再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡水平下降,进而减轻心肌的缺血再灌注损伤,而BNP后处理如何通过ROS途径减少心肌细胞凋亡尚需进一步研究。
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Effect of BNP on myocardium apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat.
DONG Xiao-li1,TAN Ning2,DENG Yu-jun2.1.Department of Cardiology,People's Hospital of Hainan Province,Haikou 570311,Hainan,CHINA;2.Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences,People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Medicine,Guangzhou 510080,Guangdong,CHINA
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)postconditioning on myocardial apoptosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model.MethodsTwenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups:sham operation group(S group,n=6,the breast tissue was dissected without ligation of left anterior descending branch);ischemic/reperfusion group(I/R group,n=6,ischemia/reperfusion surgery by ligation of left anterior descending branch,followed by saline injected to caudal vein through syringe pump for 10 min);BNP 0.005 group(n=6,0.005 μg/(kg·min)BNP injected to caudal vein by syringe pump for 10 min after ischemia surgery);BNP 0.01 group(n=6,0.005 μg/(kg·min)BNP injected to caudal vein by syringe pump for 10 min after ischemia surgery).At the end of reperfusion,heart was harvested,and myocardium superoxide dismutase(SOD),Malondiadehyde(MDA)and Apoptotic index(AI)were detected.ResultsIn S group,I/R group,BNP 0.005 group and BNP 0.01 group,SOD levels were(195.78±21.45)U/mg,(84.35±9.03)U/mg,(125.66±18.06)U/mg,(161.83±15.49)U/mg,respectively;MDA levels were(2.73±0.41)nmol/mg,(7.36±0.51)nmol/mg,(4.46±0.47)nmol/mg,(3.69±0.38)nmol/mg, respectively;AI were(3.84±2.53)%,(43.63±3.70)%,(22.13±2.85)%,(14.21±2.77)%,respectively.The differences between the groups were all statistically significant(P<0.001).BNP 0.005 group and BNP 0.01 group had significantly higher SOD activity,lower MDA activity and lower AI level than other groups(P<0.001).Compared with BNP 0.005 group,BNP 0.01 group had significantly higher SOD activity(P=0.001),lower MDA activity(P=0.007)and lower AI level(P=0.012).ConclusionBNP postconditioning could reduce the oxygen free radicals level to protect the ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury.This effect is positively correlated with BNP levels.
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury;Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP);Apoptosis;Oxidative stress
R-332
A
1003—6350(2014)21—3124—03
10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2014.21.1227
2014-02-15)