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导学3(Units 5—6)重点知识园地

2014-04-29

时代英语·初中 2014年5期

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?

重点词汇

1.news n. 新闻节目;新闻

We listen to the news on the radio.

我们收听广播里的新闻报道。

a piece of news 一条新闻

2.educational adj. 教育的;有教育意义的

This is an educational film.

这是一部具有教育意义的影片。

education n. 教育;培养

educate v. 教育;培养

3.plan v. n. 打算;计划

I am planning a party.

我正在筹划一个聚会。

1) plan on sth 打算做某事

2) plan for sth 考虑到某事

3) plan to do sth 计划/打算做某事

4.hope v. n. 希望

I hope you have a good trip.

我希望你旅途愉快。

5.stand v. 忍受;站立

stand doing sth 忍受做某事

She can’t stand being kept waiting.

她受不了这样一直地等。

6.happen v. 发生;出现

What might happen next time?

下次又会发生什么呢?

happen to sb/sth表示“某人或某物发生了某事或出现了某种情况”,一般是不幸的事;

happen to do sth表示“碰巧发生某事”;

It happens that...,表示“正巧,恰好……”,此句型可换为“happen + 不定式”的结构。

If anything happens to him, let me know at once.

如果他出了什么事,请立刻通知我。

She happened to meet a girl in a red hat.

她刚好遇到了一位戴红帽子的姑娘。

It happens that he is a teacher of English.

恰好他是一位英语教师。

7.expect v. 预料;期待

He expected to finish the work by May.

他预期五月份完成这项工作。

1) expect to do sth 期待做某事

2) expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事

8.joke n. 笑话;玩笑

That was a good joke.

那是个很有趣的笑话。

1) have a joke with sb 和某人开玩笑

2) play a joke on sb 开某人的玩笑

9.famous adj. 著名的;出名的

He is a famous doctor.

他是一位著名的医生。

1) be famous for 因……而闻名/著名

2) be famous as 以……(身份)而闻名,作为……而出名

10. appear v. 出现

After the storm, a rainbow appeared in the sky.

暴风雨过后,天空出现了一道彩虹。

11. become v. 开始变得;变成

She wants to become a doctor.

她想成为一名医生。

12. successful adj. 获得成功的;有成就的

successful可在句中作定语或表语。

She is a successful lawyer.(定语)

她是个成功的律师。

How will you know when you’re successful?(表语)

你如何知道你是什么时候成功的?

13. main adj. 主要的;最重要的

通常只用于物。指在一定范围内,某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其他物。

There are many shops in the main streets of the town.

城市里的主要街道有许多商店。

14. reason n. 原因;理由

Can you tell me the reason why you are so unhappy?

你为什么这样闷闷不乐,可以告诉我原因吗?

15. unlucky adj. 不幸的;不吉利的

Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number.

有些人认为十三是个不吉祥的数字。

16. ready adj. 愿意的;准备好的

Are you ready to board, Mr Green?

你准备好登机了吗,格林先生?

1) be ready to do sth 准备好做某事;乐于做某事

2) get ready for 为……做准备

3) get ready to do sth 准备去做某事

He is ready to die for his country.

他准备好了为祖国献出生命。

常用短语及搭配

1. plan to do sth 计划做某事

2. hope to do sth 希望做某事

3. expect to do sth 期望做某事

4. try to do sth 试图做某事

5. such as 比如

6. in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代

7. find out 查明;弄清

8. around the world 世界各地;全世界

9. come out 出版

10. be ready to 愿意迅速做某事

11. try one’s best 尽力

12. think of 想到;考虑

13. dress up 装扮;乔装打扮

14. take sb’s place 代替;替换

15. do a good job 干得好

重要句型

谈论喜好和计划

1. Do you want to watch the news?

Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.

2. What do you plan to watch tonight?

I plan to watch Days of Our Past.

3. What can you expect to learn from Sitcoms?

I can learn some great jokes.

4. Why do you like watching the news?

Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.

5. What do you think of the game show?

They’re OK./They’re boring.

I can’t stand them./I don’t like them./ I don’t mind them./

I like them./ I love them.

基本语法

动词不定式作宾语

动词不定式是非谓语动词的形式之一,其结构为“to +动词原形”,其中to是动词不定式的符号。动词不定式和其他词搭配构成动词不定式短语,在句子中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、补足语等。以下是动词不定式作宾语的几种情况。

●后跟to do作宾语的常见动词(短语)有:want,hope,wish,expect,decide,agree,choose,need,plan,would like,fail等。

This time, he decided to do something different.

这一次,他想做点不一样的事。

After PE class, we need to drink some water.

体育课后,我们需要喝点水。

●有的动词后跟不定式与后跟动名词意义区别不大,如:like,live,start,begin。

When we light the candles, all the people begin/start to sing the birthday song.

= When we light the candles, all the people begin/start singing the birthday song.

当我们点燃蜡烛时,所有人便开始唱生日歌。

●know,ask,show,teach,think,guess,find out,understand等动词(短语)后可以用“疑问词 + to do”的结构。

I don’t know how to cook. Can you help me?

我不知道怎么做饭。你可以帮我吗?

●部分动词如find,feel,think后面接形式宾语, 常用于次结构“find/feel/think + it + adj. + to do sth”,其中it作形式宾语,动词不定式为真宾语。

I find it easy to learn a second language.

我觉得学一门第二语言很容易。

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.

重点词汇

1.cook n. 厨师

v. 烹饪;煮

do some cooking 做饭

We discovered her to be a good cook.

我们发现她是一个很好的厨师。

Cook the meat to rags, please.

请把肉煮得烂烂的。

2.violinist n. 小提琴手

violin + 后缀-ist:violinist

She is a famous violinist.

她是一位著名的小提琴手。

3.driver n. 驾驶员;司机

drive + 后缀-r:driver

The bus driver violated the traffic regulation.

公共汽车司机违反了交通规则。

4.college n. 学院;大学;高等专科学校

Many colleges now have wired dormitories.

现在许多大学的学生宿舍已经联网。

go to college/university 上大学

If you want to go to college, you must work hard.

要是你想上大学,就必须好好学习。

5.education n. 教育

I had twelve years of education.

我受过十二年的教育。

6.medicine n. 药;医学

I want some medicine for a cold.

我想要一些治疗感冒的药。

1) take one’s medicine 吃某人的药

2) take some medicine 吃一些药

7.send v. 邮寄;发送

Please send me some pictures of Beijing.

请寄给我几张北京的图片。

Please send us feedback here.

请在这里发送反馈给我们。

1) send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事

2) send sb sth = send sth to sb 把某物寄送给某人

3) send for 派人去请

4) send up 发射(火箭、卫星、飞船等)

5) send out 分发

6) send off 寄出

8.foreign adj. 外国的

Nowadays, many young people go to foreign countries to learn foreign languages.

如今,许多年轻人到外国去学外语。

9.beginning adj. 开头;开端

A good beginning makes a good ending.

善始才能善终。

1) at the beginning 起初,开始

2) from beginning to end 自始至终

3) from the beginning 在一开始;从头

10. improve v. 改进;改善

It will help to improve your speaking.

这会帮助提高你的口语能力。

improve oneself 提高自己

11. themselves pron. 他(她、它)们自己

They organized themselves into a society.

他们组织了一个团体。

12. hobby n. 业余爱好

His hobby is collecting stamps.

他的业余爱好是集邮。

13. agree v. 同意;赞成;应允

Does he agree with us?

他同意我们的意见吗?

14. own adj. pron. 自己的;本人的

I have a dream that I can have my own firm one day.

我有一个梦想是在将来的某一天我能拥有自己的公司。

15. personal adj. 个人的;私人的

This is his personal computer.

这是他的个人电脑。

常用短语及搭配

1. want to be 想成为

2. grow up 成长,长大

3. be good at 擅长

4. write stories 写故事

5. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事;不断做某事

6. of course 当然

7. be sure about 确信;对……有把握

8. make sure 确保;查明

9. try one’s best to do sth 尽力做某事

10. take acting lessons 上表演课

11. send... to... 把……寄到……

12. learn to play the piano 学弹钢琴

13. make the soccer team 组建足球队

14. get good grades 取得好成绩

15. eat healthier food 吃更健康的食物

16. get lots of exercise 进行大量的锻炼

17. make resolutions 制定计划

18. different kinds of 不同种类的

19. make promises 许诺

20. at the beginning of 在……的开始

21. write down 写下;记下

22. have to do with 关于;与……有关系

23. take up 学着做;开始做

24. have... in common 有……共同之处

25. agree with 同意;赞成

26. for this reason 因为这个原因

重要句型

谈论将来的打算

1. What are you going to be when you grow up?

I am going to be an engineer.

What do you want to be when you grow up?

I want to be an engineer.

2. How are you going to do that?

I am going to study math hard.

3. Where are you going to work?

I am going to work in Shanghai.

4. When are you going to start?

I’m going to start when I finish high school and college.

5. How about going out to play football?

I think it’s a good idea.

基本语法

be going to 表示将来

基本含义

●可以用以表示某人有意图、打算做某事。

We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.

我们计划下午召开班会。

The railway is going to be open on October 1.

这条铁路将于十月一日通车。

●表示有迹象要发生某事。

Look at the black clouds. It’s going to rain.

看那些乌云,要下雨了。

be going to 的句式

●肯定句

be going to结构中的助动词be的现在式一般有三种形式,即:am,is,are。当主语是第一人称单数时用am;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。

I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.

明天早上我要去买些东西。

She is going to see Mr Wang this afternoon.

她打算今天下午去看望王先生。

●否定句

在be (am/is/are)的后面加上not。

They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句)

他们打算下周去参观汽车厂。

They are not going to see the car factory next week. (否定句)

他们不打算下周去参观汽车厂。

●一般疑问句

把be (am/is/are)放到句首,在句末加问号,构成一般疑问句,肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are,否定回答:No, I’m not/主语 + isn’t/aren’t. 不过I am...在改为一般疑问句时常常改为Are you...?。

— Are they going to see the car factory next week?

— Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.

— 他们打算下周去参观汽车厂吗?

— 是的,他们打算去。/不,他们不打算去。

●特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词 + be (am/is/are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + ……?

What are you going to do this afternoon?

今天下午你要做什么?

Where are they going to having dinner?

他们要去哪里吃饭?

使用be going to应注意的两点

1. There be句型的be going to结构为:There is/are going to be...常用来表示将有某事发生(注意句型中going to后面的be不能改为have)。

There is going to be a football match in our school next Saturday.

下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。

2. come,go,leave,arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to结构连用。

Miss Sun is coming tonight.

今晚孙小姐要来。