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导学2(Units 3—4)重点知识园地

2014-04-29

时代英语·初中 2014年5期

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

重点词汇

1.outgoing adj. 爱交际的;友好的;外向的

I’m more outgoing than my sister.

我比我的妹妹更外向。

2.loudly adv. 喧闹地;大声地;响亮地

Don’t talk loudly while eating.

吃饭时不要高声喧哗。

3.quietly adv. 轻声地;轻柔地;安静地

This time we’ll go quietly.

这次我们要安静地走。

4.hard-working adj. 工作努力的;辛勤的

My sister is a hard-working girl.

我妹妹是一个勤劳的女孩。

5.competition n. 比赛;竞赛;竞争

He won the English speech competition.

他赢得了英语演讲比赛。

6.fantastic adj. 极好的;了不起的

She’s a fantastic singer.

她是个极好的歌手.

7.which pron. adj. 哪一个;哪一些

Which brand of toothpaste do you use?

你用什么牌子的牙膏?

8.clearly adv. 清楚地;清晰地;明白地

I know the fact clearly.

我很清楚地知道事实。

9.win v. 获胜;赢;赢得

He won the first prize.

他赢得了第一名。

10. talented adj. 有才能的;有才干的

Howard is a talented pianist.

霍华德是个很有天分的钢琴家。

11. care v. 在意;担忧;关心

I don’t care what he says.

我不在意他所说的。

12. serious adj. 严肃的;稳重的

Mr Wang is very serious in class.

王老师在课堂上很严肃。

13. necessary adj. 必需的;必要的

It’s necessary for us to learn English.

对我们来说学习英语是必要的。

14. both adj. pron. 两个;两个都

We both like English.

我们都喜欢英语。

15. grade n. 成绩等级;评分等级

I got a good grade in the English test.

我在英语考试中取得了好成绩。

16. should model v. 应该;应当;可以

We should help the poor.

我们应该帮助穷人。

17. reach v. 伸手;到达;抵达

He is short and he can’t reach the apples in the tree.

他个子矮,够不着树上的苹果。

18. touch v. 感动;触摸

Her enthusiam touched me.

她的热情打动了我。

Don’t touch that computer.

不要碰那台电脑。

19. break v.(使)破;裂;碎;损坏

The wind can break windows.

风可以震破窗户。

20. laugh v. 笑;发笑

n. 笑声

He told such funny stories that we all laughed.

他讲了如此滑稽的故事,把我们都逗笑了。

21. share v. 分享;共享;共用;分摊

We can share everything.

我们能分享一切。

22. information n. 信息;消息

I don’t have any information about it.

我没有关于它的任何信息。

常用短语及搭配

1. both... and... 两个都

2. be friendly to 对……友好

3. have fun 玩得开心

4. as... as 和……一样

not as/so... as 和……不一样

5. the same as 和……相同;与……一致

6. be talented in 在……方面有天赋

7. care about 关心;在意

8. make sb do 使某人做

9. as long as 只要;既然

10. be different from 与……不同;与……有差异

11. bring out 使显现;使表现出

12. in fact 确切地说;事实上;实际上

13. be similar to 与……相像的、类似的

14. be good with 擅长应付

15. call sb at... 拨某号码给某人打电话

重要句型

1. I’m more... than... 我比……更……

2. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums.

山姆和汤姆都能打鼓。

3. Does Tara work as hard as Tina?

塔拉和蒂娜工作一样努力吗?

4. That’s why...

这就是为什么……的原因。

5. It’s not necessary to be the same.

没有必要保持一致。

6. My favorite saying is...

我最喜欢的谚语是……

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater?

重点词汇

1. theater n. (=theatre) 戏院;剧场

The new couple walked arm in arm into the theater.

那对新婚夫妇手挽手走进剧院。

2. comfortable adj. 使人舒服的;舒适的

The sofa is soft and comfortable.

沙发柔软而舒服。

3. close adj. (在空间、时间上)接近

My house is close to a supermarket.

我家离一家超市近。

4. cheaply adv. 便宜地;低廉地

You can buy clothes the most cheaply.

你可以买到最便宜的衣服。

5. choose v. 选择;挑选

Why did you choose me?

你为什么选我?

6. carefully adv. 细致地;小心地;谨慎地

Please listen to me carefully.

请仔细听我讲。

7. reporter n. 记者

I want to be a reporter in ten years.

十年后我想当记者。

8. meal n. 早(或午、晚)餐;一餐所吃的食物

We have three meals a day.

我们一天吃三餐。

9. creative adj. 有创造力的;创造性的

Mr Li is a creative teacher.

李老师是一名有创造力的老师。

10. beautifully adv. 美好地;漂亮地

He finished the task beautifully.

他漂亮地完成了任务。

11. everybody pron. 每人;人人;所有人

Everybody makes mistakes.

每个人都会犯错。

12. example n. 实例;范例

I just need an example.

我只需要一个例子。

13. poor adj. 贫穷的,清贫的

He lives in a poor family.

他生活在一个贫穷的家庭里。

14. seriously adv. 严重地;严肃地;认真地

He looked at me seriously.

他严肃地看着我。

常用短语及搭配

1. close to 接近;靠近

2. welcome to 欢迎到

3. so far 到目前为止

4. thanks for 感谢

5. no problem 没问题

6. think of 思考;认为

7. more and more 越来越多

8. have... in common 有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方

面)相同

9. all kinds of 各种类型的;各种各样的

10. be up to 是……的职责;由……决定

11. play a role 发挥作用;有影响

12. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)

13. for example 例如

14. take... seriously 认真对待……

15. come true 实现

重要句型

1. What do you think of...?

你觉得……怎么样?

2. That’s up to you...

……由你来决定。

基本语法(单元3、4)

形容词和副词等级的用法

英语中大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级:原级、比较

级和最高级。

一、原级的用法

1. 只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too

My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.

He is too tired to walk on.

2. 原级常用的句型结构:

(1) “A + as + 原级 + as + B”表示“A和B一样”。

Tom is as old as Kate.

Tom runs as fast as Mike.

(2) “A + not + as/so + 原级 + as + B”表示“A不如B”。

This room is not as/so big as that one.

He doesn’t walk as/so slowly as you.

二、比较级的用法

1. 比较级常用的句型结构:

“A + 比较级 + than + B”表示“A比B……”。

Tom is taller than Kate.

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词:

much,a lot,far,“……的多”;a little,a bit,“……一点儿”;even,still,yet,“更加、愈加”。

Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.

Tom looks even younger than before.

三、最高级的用法

1. 最高级常用的句型结构:

“the + 最高级 + of +人/物 /in + 地点”。

He is the tallest of all the boys

He works hardest in his class.

注意:副词的最高级前定冠词the可以省掉。

2. the + 序数词 + 形容词的最高级 + 单数名词

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

3. one of + the + 形容词的最高级 + 复数名词

He is one of the cleverest students in our class.

4. 特殊疑问词 + be + the + 最高级 + A,B,or C?,用于三者以上的比较。

Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn?

四、级别的转换

1. 原级与比较级的转换

(1) 倍数 + as... as = (倍数-1) + 比较级 + than

This room is five times as big as that one.

= This room is four times bigger than that one.

(2) not as... as 与比较级的转换

A + not as... as + B = A + 反义词的比较级 + than + B

= B + 比较级 + than + A

This book is not as expensive as that one.

= This book is cheaper than that one.

= That book is more expensive than this one.

2. 比较级与最高级的转换

(1) the + 最高级 + of/in……

(2) 比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词

the other + 复数名词

anyone else

any of the other + 复数名词

(3) Nobody else + 比较级 + than……

Tom is the tallest boy in our class.

Tom is taller than any other boy in our class.

Tom is taller than anyone else in our class.

Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class.

五、级别的惯用法

1. “比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。

He is getting taller and taller.

2. “the +比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……,越……”。

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

3. “A + be + the + 比较级 + of the two + ……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。

Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

4. 当形容词的最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词时,不用定冠词the。

This is my best book of all.

5. 作比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较。

My pencil is longer than yours.

形容词和副词等级的构成规则

一、规则变化

1. 一般在词尾直接加-er或-est:

tall—taller—tallest,long—longer—longest。

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r或-st:

nice—nicer—nicest。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-er或-est:

heavy—heavier—heaviest。

4. 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音

字母,再加-er或-est:

big—bigger—biggest。

注意:big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat等要双写末尾辅音字母。

5. 部分双音节词和多音节词在原级前分别加more和most

构成比较级和最高级:

beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。

二、不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good/wellbetterbest

many/muchmoremost

littlelessleast

oldolder/elderoldest/eldest

bad/badly/illworseworst

farfarther(距离)/further(程度)farthest/furthest