浅析系动词

郑冬娥

【摘 要】系词be以及与实意动词同形的系动词，如get，turn，go，seem，become等，系词be用的较广泛，在文章句型中出现频率较高，有一般用法，口语用法，虚拟用法，本文着重列举be的用法。

【关键词】频率 一般 口语 虚拟

Be 动词

1一般用法

① to be good at singing 擅长于唱歌（转化为实意动词）

to be good for， to be ready to， to be keen on， to be sure of等。

② to be nice 挺好的 （是， 为判断用法）

后接形容词，名词，介词短语。

系词形式有三种，一般式为am ， is ，are. 过去式为was， were.

原形为be。随着主语人称和数的变化而在变化。系动词的形式很特别。

其它感，变，系动词就两种形式，第三人称单数，和原形动词。

系词be可直接作助动词，构成疑问式和否定式。

He is from a city.Is he from a city？ No， he isnt.

He is not from a city.

I am， you are ， he was ， you were.

It will be fine tomorrow.

2特殊用法

（1）作助动词构成进行时， 将来时。

He is reading a novel.正在做

I am going to work as a secretary.打算做

He is about to leave here. 计划做

（2）系动词可以做助动词转化句子的句型，可构成被动语态。

The book is printed now.

（3）下面句子为虚拟语气

It is important that you （should） work hard.

It is necessary that you （should） work hard.

（4）强调句型

I think you are right. It is I that think you are right.

I often help her do homework. It is her that I often help

do homework.

（5）用在助动词之后

Tomorrow the weather will be fine。

（6）There be句型

There is a big tree in front of your house.

（7）口语

Here it is. Here is your key.

（8）问候语

How are you.

（9）祈使句.

Please be quiet

（10）What is he？他做什么工作？（含蓄的用法，直译错）

在句子里，练习be系动词和主语人称，数的搭配，结合代词格的学习，以及名词单复数的概念，可谓事倍功倍。

其它用法

1）表类比

What is this？ This is a ruler. What is that？ That is a picture.

these， those 用法同，

2）在人们初次认识时，首先想了解对方的姓名，年龄，职业，家庭住址，家庭成员等以下用法， 用系动词表达精辟明了。

例（1）What is your name？ Where are you form？ How old are you？

How many people are there in your family？ 生活常用语

（2）Today is Friday. Who is on duty today？ Dont be late next time. He is a hardworking student.The bell is ringing. How are you getting along with your studies？ My study is going well. 学生用语实践

（3）Where there is a will，there is a way. It is no use crying over the spilt milk.

（谚）

常用系动词是基础英语的摇篮。

略谈其它系词

The bread smells sour. The water fells cold. The weather gets colder. The color looks fine. The production becomes big. The crop grows well.The song sounds sweet.半系动词的用法。表达生动。

学习系词，和学习其它动词密不可分，但和别的动词又有区别，它做为入门阶段内容的一部分，只要多分析，多总结，多练习就能全面掌握它的内容。学习时由易到难，由一般到特殊。英语中用的频率较高的内容还有定冠词the

，还有介词，介词短语的用法。学习语言表达靠逻辑分析，不需死记硬背；学习词汇，靠的是语音的反射。学习语言规则，要脚踏实地，要学的准，学习语言片断，需灵活观察。学习搭配很关键，短语是拓展用法，特殊句型需留心语言环境。中专英語一册内容注重生活情节，故浅析，不同深度的内容，用不同模式解析，理解。

Practice

①am a nurse. He is a manager. She is a secretary. It is a building.

You are a lawer.

②We are children. They are kids. You are schoolboys. These are new magazines. Those are some flowers.

③My dictionary is lended. Is this yours？ No，that is his.

Our classroom is very big， there are many students in it.

④The woman is her mother. Your teachers are in our school.

⑤Who is your home room teacher？ My parents are over forty.

以上句子，所做速度快慢检查熟练程度。