VerticalMapper在 Mapinfo 绘制等值线中的应用

田金凤

（辽宁省水文水资源勘测局本溪分局，辽宁 本溪 117000）

VerticalMapper在 Mapinfo 绘制等值线中的应用

田金凤

（辽宁省水文水资源勘测局本溪分局，辽宁 本溪 117000）

等值线是制图对象某一数量指标值相等的各点连成的平滑曲线，由地图上标出的表示制图对象数量的各点，采用内插法找出各整数点绘制而成的，常见有等温线、等压线、等高线、等势线等。在水文、气象、环境、建筑和规划等领域常常需要等值线图的绘制，其中水文工作中最常见的是降雨等值线、地下水位等值线等。随着计算机制图技术的发展，可用来绘制等值线图的软件有很多，如surfer+vb，或以 autocad 为平台的二次开发软件等，这些软件虽然可以直接绘制等值线图，但由于运行环境独立，生成的等值线往往需要转化到实际应用的地图环境中，而且缺少点要素定位、属性管理等不足，给后续工作带来很大的不便。本文通过作 者 自 身 工 作 实 践 ， 介 绍 一 下 Vertical Mapper 在Mapinfo 绘制等值线中的应用。

1 Verticalmapper 和 mapinfo 简介

M ap In fo 是美国 M ap Info 公司的 桌 面地理 信息系统软件，是一种数据可视化、信息地图化的桌面解决方案。它依据地图及其应用的概念、采用办公自动化的操作、集成多种数据库数据、融合计算机地图方法、使用地理数据库技术、加入了地理信息系统分析功能，形成了极具实用价值的、可以为各行各业所用的大众化小型软件系统。Map Info Professional是一套强大的基于 W indows平台的地图化解决方案，可以方便地将数据和地理信息的关系直观的展现，它提供了一套强大的工具来进行复杂的商业地图化，数据可视化和 GIS 功能。现在 比 较 常 用 的 版 本 是 M ap In fo Professional6.5，7.0和 8.0。

Vertical Mapper 是 Mapinfo 公司和 Northwood公司于 1997 年合作推出的基于 M apinfo 的扩展插件，该插件作为 Mapinfo Professional的辅助工具，使用 Mapinfo 的数据格式，对 Mapinfo 的点位图表进行处理，估算点与点之间差值，并对其进行内插计算，由点数据构筑一个连续面，从而在提供强大的分析查询功能的同时，生成等值线并获得三维可视化的效果。插件安装后，将自动嵌入到Mapinfo 的菜单栏中。

2 等值线的绘制

下面以Mapinfo6.5 中文版内嵌 VerticalMapper3.0为平台，结合辽宁凌海市多年平均降水量等值线图的实例，简述 VerticalM apper 在 M apinfo 绘制等值线中的应用。

2.1 创建点

首先，新建 EXCEL 表格，将雨量站的各项信息录入，其中最为重要的是雨量站十进制的经纬度坐标和降水量值，为了便于以后的数据管理和分析工作，可以根据需要自行添加其他属性信息，如名称、编码、所在河流、高程、特征值等。格式如表 1。

制表时，表头各项应使用英文或空白，若用中文，则会出现无法打开的错误提示，导致创建无法完成。全部录入完毕后保存退出。

表1 站点雨量信息

进 入 Mapinfo 后 ， 打 开 刚 才 创 建 的 Excel 表格，选择“另存副本”后退出。再重新进入，在菜单栏“表”下选择“创建点”。然后进入“维护”—“表结构”，将数字设为浮点型，将文字设为字符型，并选中“表可可视化”复选框。

2.2 创建网格

完成“创建点”的步骤后，在 VerticalMapper 下拉菜单中选择“CreateGrid”，然后点击“Interpolation”，会出现插值法选框。有6种插值方法可供选择：TriangulationWithSmoothing（三角网格法）、Inverse DistanceWeighting （ 距 离 倒 数 权 重 法）、Natural Neighbour（自 然 邻 域 插 值 法）、Rectangular/Bilinear（矩形/双线性法）、Kriging （克里金法） 和 Custom pointestimation（自定义点估计法）。在大地图降水量等值线绘制中，根据实践经验一般选用 Kriging法进行插值，Kriging 法首先考虑的是空间属性在空间位置上的变异分布，确定一个对待插点值的属性值。在数据点较多的情况下，其内插的结果可信度较高。

选取 Kriging 后点击“Next”会出现选择 表 和列的对话框，选中降水量值所在列的名称，并视情况决定是否勾选“IgnoreRecordsContainingZero”（忽略 0 选项）。点击“Next”后出现“Kriging：Point Aggregation”对话框，要求设置点数据聚合参数，“CoincidentPointDistance” 默 认 值 为 0，“CoincidentPointAggregation” 为 默 认 Average Value（平均值），皆选择默认即可，直接进入下步。

“Kriging：Interpolation”对话框为插值参数设置 ，共 有 cellsize（单 元 大 小）、searchradius（搜 索 半径）、minimum#ofpoints（最 小 点 数）和 maximum #ofpoints（最大点 数）4 项 参 数 ，可以根据需要 自行设置。一般来说，单元大小和搜索半径可以根据实际雨量站点选取，最大点数和最小点数选取和雨量站点数相同即可。设置完成后点击“Finish”即可生成网格。

2.3 生成等值线

创建网格图后，在 VerticalMapper 下拉菜单中选择“ShowGridManager”，即可打开 GridManager工具条，然后点击“Contour”选取生成等值线图和等值面图。其中“Polylines”为生成等值线图，“Regions”为生成等值面图。若要绘制图例，则勾选“Create Legend”。

然后点击“Intervals”设置最小、最大等值线数值和等值线间距，可以根据实际需要设置成整数。设置完成后点击“OK”生成等值线，然后在Mapinfo 中打开事先准备好的底图，把生成的等值线图层设为最上层，并标记出等值线数值即可。

通 过 VerticalMapper 生 成 的 等 值 线 图 与Mapinfo 软件有着很好的兼容性，用户可以根据Mapinfo 提供的地图工具对其进行任意编辑和数据分析工作，并且可以和行政区、等高线、水系图等其他图层一起，进行专题地图研究。

3 结 语

VerticalMapper 配合 Mapinfo 软件，在绘制等值线上不仅简单易懂，绘制方便，而且其绘制的等值线可以满足精度、圆滑度要求，具有其他绘图软件无可比拟的优 势。而且 Mapinfo 软件的 GIS 功能比较强大，其生成的等值线图可以进行编辑修正和数据分析统计，等值线数据也便于采集、存贮和管理。基于以上所述，VerticalMapper 在 Mapinfo绘制等值线中的应用值得推广。

［1］温润锋.基于 Mapinfo 降雨量等值线图的绘制方法［J］.企业科技与发展，2009（14）.

［2］于海龙，谢刚生，徐云和.Mapinfo 环境下二次开发相关问题的研究［J］.东北测绘，2000，3（23）：35.

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[Key words]water qualitymodel;water resourcesmanagement;S-P model

Com parative study on foundation treatm ent schem es about colluvial gravel soil layer of avalanche slope in tunnel portal

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TP319

B

1002－0624（ 2014）06－0069－02

2013-12-11

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