例说合成词

任亚仍

合成词的考查虽然不是高考的重点，但在说话、写文章时常用到，特别是在阅读理解中。如果我们对其有透彻的认识，那么对于弄清出题人的意向，很好理解原文，很有帮助。请看下面段落中合成词的应用。

As a five-star student， I was sent to an English-speaking country to make further study. After arriving at the well-known place， I was arranged to live in a four- storeyed building. The host is easy-going and the hostess is warm-hearted. They lived with their five-year-old grandson. Though the hosts full-time job is a teacher， he used to repair the old-fashioned electrical home appliances for neighbors around.

合成是英语常见三种构词方法之一，即把两个甚至更多个词合在一起组成新词的方法。以上段落中合成词的应用有九处之多，集中反映了合成形容词的使用。下面我们来研究合成形容词的构成规则和应用。

1.

数词+名词 ten-speed， ten-year， three-good， two-man

数词+名词+ed three-legged， one-eyed，

数词+名词+形容词 twenty-storeyed-tall， five-year-old， 500-meter-long

My father bought me a ten-speed bicycle on my birthday.

在我生日那天，父亲给我买了辆十变速自行车。

There is a three-legged table in the room.屋里有一张三条腿的桌子。

The six-storeyed-tall teaching building stands in the center of the school.

六层高的教学大楼矗立在学校中央。

2.

名词+过去分词 man-made， state-owned， school-run， snow-covered

名词+现在分词 English-speaking， peace-loving， paper-making， fun-loving

Another man-made satellite was sent up in Jiuquan the other day.

前几天在酒泉又发射了颗人造卫星。

The new paper-making factory is being built in our city.新的造纸厂正在我市修建。

From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe， with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.从太空看，地球像一个为水所覆盖的巨大球体，有几块陆地突出水面。

3.

形容词+名词 full-time， part-time， new-type， long-term

形容词+名词+ed middle-aged， good-tempered， warm-hearted， absent-minded

形容词+现在分词 good-looking， ordinary-looking， easy-going， far-reaching

形容词+过去分词 new-born， ready-made， old-fashioned， ill-formed

From a long-term point of view， we students should learn English well.

从长远观点来看，我们学生应该把英语学好。

People regarded him as a warm-hearted， honest man.人们认为他是热情、诚实的人。

Buying ready-made clothes is the main trend in the world today.

买现成服装已成为当今世界的趋势。

4.

名词+形容词 ice-cold， nation-wide， world-famous， snow-white

名词+名词 test-tube， X-ray， blood-test

The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.

那对父母对他们的试管婴儿照料得很好。

The doctor will take an X-ray test of my chest.医生要给我的胸部拍X光片。

5.

副词+过去分词 Well-known， poorly-dress， newly-built， well-done

其它 First-class， all-round， non-stop， large-scale

A well-known scientist will attend our meeting.一位著名的科学家将参加我们的会议。

The large-scale development will destroy the surroundings.大规模的开发会破坏环境。

【考题回眸】

1. It took us quite a long time to get there. It was ___ journey. （北京春）

A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours

2. Many students signed up for the___ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. （上海春）

A.800-meter-long B. 800-meters-long C. 800 meter length D. 800 meters length

3. Speaking of all the songs he has written， I think this is probably his ____ one.（全国卷II）

A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known

解析：

1. C。考查合成形容词，作前置定语，作定语的合成词中，名词用单数，且几个词之间加连字符。其构成结构为：数词+名词。

2. A。考查合成形容词，作前置定语，作定语的合成词中，名词用单数，且几个词之间加连字符。其构成结构为：数词+名词+形容词。

3. C。考查合成形容词，作前置定语，根据句子提供的信息“of all the songs he has written”和句意，可知句中应填形容词最高级，故正确答案为C。

（陕西洋县）