传播科学管理的福音

传播科学管理的福音

Dissemination of the Gospel of Scientific Management

科学管理原理Principles of Scientific Management流水装配线AssemblyLine汽车时代AutomobileEra

——泰勒/《科学管理原理》

“Only through the implementation of standardized methods,the using of the best tools and operating conditions,and the implementation of collaboration,could the speed of operation be accelerated.”

翻开人类进步的历史图卷，我们发现20世纪初是一个充满着技术应用拓展与管理理念创新的摩登年代。在并不遥远的一百多年前，借助标准化管理方法，人类呈几何级数地提升了生产效率，在极大改善生活品质的同时，将创新的触角伸向了精神世界与物质世界的四面八方。

Unfolding the picture scroll of the history of human progress,we found that the beginning of 20th century was a modern time full of technical application development and management concept innovation.More than 100 years ago,with the method of standardized management,people geometrically increased the efficiency of production,which had greatly improved the quality of life, and spread across the innovation to both the spiritual world and the material world at the same time.

1904年，纽约，亨利·福特坐在汽车上。

回顾那个不断超越的大时代，我们有必要将目光聚焦到两位美国先驱者的身上——F·W·泰勒和亨利·福特。

Reviewing that surpassing period,we need to focus on two American pioneers-Frederick Winslow Taylor and HenryFord.

1911年，凭借在米德维尔及伯利恒两家钢铁公司15年的研究积累，泰勒完成了管理史上的里程碑之作——《科学管理原理》，主张用新的、科学的、规范的方法取代旧的、凭直觉、模仿他人的经验方法，实行工具标准化、操作标准化、劳动动作标准化、劳动环境标准化等标准化管理。

In 1911,with 15 years'study and accumulation in Meadville PA and Bethlehem Steel Company,Taylor completed the influential monograph-The Principles of Scientific Management,which laid out the standardized management methods such as:tool standardization,operation standardization,labor standardization and environment standardization,advocating the new scientific standardized methods instead of the old intuitional imitating experiences.

泰勒启发人们对个人努力的功效展开思考，认识到习惯的做法也可以改变，验证了美国总统罗斯福指出的“全国性效率”不足的预言。然而，在那个工会运动风起云涌的年代，泰勒在人生暮年却不得不时时面对来自反对者们无休无止的质询……

Taylor inspired people to think over the effectiveness of individual labor,made them realize that habitual practices could also be changed,and verified the prediction of"lacking in national efficiency"by President Roosevelt of the United States.However,in the era when the trade union movement surged forward,Taylor had to face endless questions from the opponents in his old age.

万幸的是，泰勒的效率福音及时得到了福特的响应，他将科学管理应用到福特汽车公司，坚持用流水装配线生产汽车，在1925年创造了10秒钟组装一辆T型汽车的奇迹。标准化支撑的低成本大批量生产，使汽车价格在8年内降低58%。汽车成为一般民众代步的交通工具，不仅改变了美国人的生活方式，也宣告人类进入了汽车时代。

福特T型车生产工厂

福特T型车

Fortunately,Taylor's principles of efficiency got Ford's warm response in due time.Ford applied Taylor's scientific management principles to the Ford Motor Company,insisted on using assembly line to produce cars, and in 1913 created the miracle of assembling a Model T car in 10 seconds.The low-cost mass production supported by standardization resulted in car price reduction by 58%in 8 years.Since then,automobile became general transportation vehicle by ordinary people,which not only changed the life of the American, but also declared the arrival of the automobile era.

与此同时，在太平洋西岸的中国，1916年，上海人穆湘玥翻译的《工厂适用学理管理法》（《科学管理原理》）正式出版，随后中国民族企业便掀起了科学管理的实践热潮，涌现出荣氏申新集团、郭氏永安集团、康元制罐厂、商务印书馆等企业应用典范。

1946年4月15日，底特律出现交通堵塞，街道上行驶的车几乎都是福特。

Meanwhile,in 1916,Academic Management Applicable to the Factories(The Principles of Scientific Management)was published in China,translated by a Shanghainese named Mu Xiangyue.After that,Chinese national enterprises began to surge forward practicing scientific management,among which emerged models including Wing's New Group,Yongan Group, Khong Guan Canning Factory,and Commercial Press.

时至今日，在中国推进转型发展的年代，我们坚信蕴含技术理性精神的科学管理原理，将继续以其清晰、严谨和确定性等标准化智慧，为促进中国企业优化劳动生产率、人均利润率等竞争要素提供无尽的智力动力。

Today,in China's era of transformation and development,we firmly believe that scientific management principles of technical rationality spirit will continuously provide Chinese enterprises with endless intellectual power of standardization intelligence including clarity,preciseness and definiteness to improve competitive factors such as labor productivity and per capita profit.

（支持单位：上海市标准化研究院 整理：杨超 叶笑欣）