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中考英语情态动词考查热点分析

2013-04-29梁璐茜

中学生英语·中考指导版 2013年5期
关键词:肯定句否定句情态

梁璐茜

情态动词是初中英语中的一个重要语法项目,也是各地中考试题的一个考查热点。下面结合部分省市中考试题,对情态动词的考查热点作一分析。

一、考查can, may和

must表示推测的用法

情态动词can, may和must都可以表示推测,但它们的用法不同。

① can表示推测时,意为“可能”,表示客观可能性,通常用于疑问句和否定句中。就中考而言,主要考查cant表示“不可能”的用法。例如:

1. The lady in this photo ______ be over fifty! She looks so young. (2012无锡市)

A. mustnt B. must

C. cant D. can

2. —Is Maria knocking at the door?

—It ______ be her. She is in Australia now. (2012黄石市)

A. may not B. neednt

C. mustnt D. cant

3. You ______ be serious!Youre actually going to lend him money again?(2012杭州市)

A. neednt B. cant

C. shouldnt D. mustnt

② may表示表示推测时,意思是“也许”,“可能”,通常用于肯定句中。例如:

4. —Have you decided which senior high school to choose?

—Not yet. I ______ go to Moonlight School. (2012南京市)

A. must B. may C. need D. should

5. —Do you have any plans for this weekend?

—Im not sure. I ______ go climbing Mount Yuntai. (2012河南)

A. must B. need C. may D. can

6. —Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic?

—Im not sure. Ask the monitor, please. He ______ know. (2012扬州市)

A. need B. can C. may D. shall

③ must表示推测时,意为“一定”,“肯定”,表示可能性很大,通常只用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句。例如:

7. —You ______ be happy with the strong public support youve received.

—Yes, youre right. Im really excited. (2012武汉市)

A. may B. can C. must D. need

8. —Fifty dollars for such a blouse! You ______ be joking!

—Im serious. Its made of silk. (2012兰州市)

A. must B. can C. may D. need

9. —You ______ be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon.

—Yes, I cant wait any longer. (2012包头市)

A. shall B. can C. need D. must

Keys: 1~5 CDBBC 6~9 CCAD

二、考查must表示义务的用法

①在这一用法中,must意为“必须”,“应该”,表示必须要做的事。例如:

1. People ______ always be careful with fire, or it can be dangerous. (2012吉林)

A. can B. neednt

C. must D. shouldnt

2. Drivers ______ wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule. (2012丽水市)

A. can B. may C. will D. must

②must的否定式mustnt表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。例如:

3. School students ______ smoke because it is against the school rules. (2012绵阳市)

A. neednt B. couldnt

C. wont D. mustnt

4. You ______ play with the knife. Its very dangerous. (2012宁夏)

A. neednt B. mustnt

C. may not D. might not

③以must开头的一般疑问句,如果是否定的回答,要用neednt或dont have to,表示“不必”,“没有必要” 的意思,不用mustnt。例如:

5. —______ I do the laundry first?

—No, you ______. You can do your homework first. (2012黄冈市)

A. Must; mustnt B. Can; mustnt C. Must; neednt D. May; neednt

6. —Mom, must I clean my room now?

—No, you ______. You can do it tomorrow. (2012重庆市)

A. cant B. neednt

C. mustnt D. shouldnt

7. —Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?

—No, you _______. (2012北京市)

A. shouldnt B. wouldnt

C. mustnt D. neednt

Keys: 1~5 CDDBC 6~7 BD

三、考查can表示能力的用法

can表示能力时,意思是“能,会”,其否定式cant表示“不能”。在过去时中用could

和couldnt。例如:

1. With the help of the new technology, you ______ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. (2012上海市)

A. can B. must C. need D. should

2. —Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _____ hardly see the words on the blackboard.

—Thats terrible. You may have got poor eyesight. (2012镇江市)

A. can B. must C. may D. need

3. Last year I ______ drive. I used to take the bus. (2012南昌)

A. could B. couldnt

C. should D. shouldnt

Keys: 1~3 AAB

四、考查can / could表示请求许可的用法

在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用Can/Could I (you) ...?句式,表示“我/你能……吗?”若表示同意要用can, 不用could。例如:

1. —______ I swim here?

—Im sorry. Children ______ swim alone here. (2012广东)

A. Must; cant B. May; must

C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can

2. —______ I try on those shoes in the window?

—______. They are just on show. (2012呼和浩特市)

A. Could; Yes, you can

B. Can; Sorry, you couldnt

C. Could; Sorry, you can

D. Can; Yes, you could

Keys: 1~2 CA

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