Module 10 Unit 3—4 单元点拨

2013-04-29吴涛

中学课程辅导·高考版 2013年12期

关键词：动名词辨析介词

吴涛

一、重点词汇

1. cure （P.34， Unit 3）

【点拨】 1） cure n. 治疗，疗法；痊愈 Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds.

2） cure vt. 治愈 I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.

【拓展】 cure与treat的区别：用作动词，两者都可表示“治疗”，但含义有区别：cure通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病；而treat则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思，例如：This medicine will cure your cough. The dentist is treating my teeth. 其实cure和treat所搭配的介词也不同，例如：The doctors cured her of cancer.

Which doctor is treating you for your illness？

短语：beyond cure不可救药

2. conclude （P.41， Unit 3）

【点拨】 1）表示“结束”，可用作及物或不及物动词，表示以某种方式结束，通常与介词with， by等连用。例如：To conclude， I wish you all good health and a long life.

2）表示“断定”或“推出”，是及物动词，但通常只接that从句或不定式的复合结构（且不定式只能是to be型）作宾语，通常不接简单宾语，也不用于进行时态。例如：

The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.

3）表示“决定”，其后通常接不定式或 that 从句。例如：

We concluded to wait for fair weather. / We concluded that we would wait for fair weather.

4）期刊杂志等在连载文章时，表示“待续”用 to be continued，表示“下期续完”用 to be concluded，表示“全部载完”则通常用 concluded。

【拓展】

conclude的名词是conclusion，其短语有：arrive at a conclusion=come to a conclusion=draw a conclusion 得出结论；in conclusion 总而言之；最后；to conclude最后一句话

3. additional （P.41， Unit 3）

【点拨】 adj. 另外的，附加的，额外的It will take an additional week to complete the task.

【拓展】 1） additional的名词addition加；附加。Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

词组：in addition to除此以外，另外

2） additional的动词add所构成的短语：

① add to 增加，加强The bad weather added to our difficulties.

② add up to 总计达，总共是；等于；意味着，看来实际是……；总起来说

All his school education added up to no more than one year.

③ add up 加起来，总计 At the exits polite assistants will take the goods and add up the cost.

④ add...to把……加到…… There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. （2006年北京卷）

4. promote （p.43， Unit 3）

【点拨】 vt. ① 提升，提拔Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.

② 宣传，推销（商品）Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？

③ 促进，发扬We should promote world peace.

【拓展】 promote的形容词：promotable；名词：promotion / promoter；动词过去式：promoted；过去分词：promoted；现在分词：promoting

5. involve （P.50， Unit 4）

【点拨】 vt. ① 卷，裹；包围，围住Fog involved the village.

② 使专注，使忙于（后面常跟介词in连用） I was involved in a research project.

③ 与……直接有关This problem is closely involved with the management of the company.

【拓展】 involve的名词是involvement 牵连，参与；加入；财政困难；牵连的事务

My personal involvement with him and his family is deep.

Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013福建卷24）

A. enjoys B. involves

C. practices D. suggests

【答案】 B。

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项“喜欢”；B项“需要，包含”；C项“练习”；D项“建议；暗示”。句意为：Michelle找到一份高中教师的工作，需要花很多时间与学生在一起。故答案选B。

6. assess （P.50， Unit 4）

【点拨】 vt. ① （为征税）估定（财产）的价值（后面常接介词at）

This is the house assessed at two million dollars.

② 确定（税、罚款、赔偿金等）的金额

After the accident the damage was assessed at ￡5 billion.

③ 对……进行估价，评价

Her needs were assessed at 3000 yuan a month.

【拓展】 assess的名词assessment 例如：Assessment is changing for many reasons.

7. suspect （P.51， Unit 4）

【点拨】 vt.“怀疑”，后接sth. / sb. of （doing） sth. / that从句 / sb. to be...。例如：

He suspected a plot against his life.

I suspect that he is a thief.=I suspect him to be a thief.

She suspected him of taking her money.

8. considerate （P.59， Unit 4）

【点拨】 adj. 体贴的，体谅的；深思熟虑的；慎重

It was very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.

【拓展1】 considerable， considerate的区别和用法：

considerable， considerate这是一对形近易混的一组形容词。

considerable相当大的，相当多的

He has been ill for a considerable time.

considerate 考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。

She is always considerate of others； she is kind and sympathetic.

【拓展2】 consider vt.主要有以下四种用法：

1）作“思考”、“考虑”（= think about）解，后面可接动名词，由“how， what等 + 动词不定式”或者从句作宾语。但要特别注意：consider后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语。例如：

They are considering going to Nanjing for the Spring Festival.

Have you considered how to get there？

2） consider 还可作“顾虑到”、“顾及”、“体谅” （= take into account）解。这时其后用名词或动名词作宾语。例如：All of you should consider the feelings of other people.

3）作“认为”、“以为”、“觉得”（=be of the opinion， regard as）解时，后面多接宾语从句，这时一般不接动名词作宾语。例如：

I consider that he is fit for the position of the manager.

consider作“认为”解时，后面还可以接一个宾语和一个动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语结构，但这种结构的动词不定式主要是“to be+名词 / 形容词”；有时也可以是实义动词，不过这种不定式多用完成时。例如：They consider Jim （as / to be） their best class teacher.

I consider her to have done wonderfully in the final exam.

注：consider作“认为”解时，后面偶尔也出现接不定式作宾语的情况，不过这时大都用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语后移。例如：

Do you consider it wise to interfere？你觉得干预是明智的吗？

4）固定结构“consider... as / to be + 名词 / 形容词”多侧重于表示经过思考“认为……是……”。例如：We consider his suggestion as having possibilities.

【拓展3】 considering当介词和连词用，表示：就……而论，照……说来，鉴于；考虑到

He is strong considering his age.

8. import （P.63， Unit 4）

【点拨】 1） vt. 进口，输入；引进

Many countries import wool from Australia.

2） n. ① 进口，输入Some of the long words in English dictionaries are imports from other languages.

② 进口商品Electronic products are the major import from Japan.

③ 意义，含义The import of his remarks was that we should work harder.

④ 重要性，重大This is a question of great import.

【拓展】 import的反义词：export 出口，输出；传播，输出（思想或活动）

English has been newly exported to that area.

二、常用短语

1. burst （P.34， Unit3）

【点拨】

1） be bursting to do sth. 急于要做某事。He was bursting to tell her the news.

2） burst forth 突然出现，突然爆发出，突然喊出。Flames burst forth from the ceiling.

3） burst into

① 突然闯入Two masked men burst into the school.

② 突然……起来She burst into tears / laughter=burst out crying / laughing.

4） burst out

① 大声叫喊 “I dont believe that”，he burst out.注：这样用的 burst out 与 burst forth 同义。

② 突然……起来She burst out crying / laughing.注：这样用的 burst out 后通常接动名词。

2. die （P.34， Unit 3）

【点拨】

1） die from 死于……，因……而死He died from a heart attack.

2） die of 死于……，因……而死The animals died of starvation in the snow.

【拓展】

关于 die from 与 die of 的区别：若死因存在于人体之上或之内，一般用介词 of；若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的，则一般用介词 from。

3） be dying for sth. （to do sth.）迫切想要（做）某事She is dying to be thin.

4） die away （声音、风、光线等）渐息，渐弱The noise of the motorcar died away.

5） die down （慢慢）熄灭，平静下来After the excitement of the audience died down， the speaker restarted his speech.

Though the wind ， the rain remains steady， so you still need a raincoat.（2006年湖北卷）

A. turned up B. gone back

C. died down D. blown out

【答案】 C。

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。die down（火焰、风暴、疼痛）等减弱、减低，觉察不到。

6） die off 一个一个地死去（= die one by one）。

As the widow was still middleaged， her relatives all died off.

7） die out （家族、种族、习俗、观念等）灭绝，绝迹。Many old customs are dying out.

3. devote （P.35， Unit 3）

【点拨】

1） devote sth. to （doing） sth. 把时间（钱，精力等）献给某事物

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

2） devote oneself to sb. （doing sth.）

① 献身于或致力于（做）某事After graduation he continued to devote himself to research.

② 专用于He devoted all his time to his job.

③ 喜欢，热爱She devoted herself to tabletennis in her teens.

3） be devoted to sb. （doing sth.）

① 致力于，献身于The students are devoted to their studies.

② 专用于This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage.

③ 喜欢，疼爱The couple were devoted to each other.

4. the key to sth. or doing sth. （P.51， Unit 4）

the key to the bike 自行车钥匙； the answer to Exercise One 练习一的答案

a secretary to the managing director 总经理的秘书；the words to a tune 一致的言语

the entrance to the park 通向公园的入口；the way to my home 通向我家的路

the only access to the library 到图书馆的唯一通路

5. break （P.62， Unit 4）

【点拨】

1） break away （from）

① 突然逃掉或离开The thief broke away from the policeman.

② 断绝往来，脱离He broke away from all his old friends.

③ 改掉（旧习惯），破除（旧作法）You must break away from such old habits.

2） break down

① （机器、车辆等）坏了My car broke down after an hours driving.

② （计划、谈判等）失败Their plans have broken down.

③ （谈话、通讯等）中断He broke down as he was calling.

④ （健康、精神等）变坏Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks in disasters.（2013年福建卷28）

A. turn down B. turn out

C. break down D. break out

【答案】 C。

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A项“调小，拒绝”，B项“结果证明……”，C项“出故障，分解”，D项“爆发”。根据句意：当发生灾难无线网络无法用的时候，老式的电话就有作用了。故答案为C。

He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead， because the airconditioning system . （2012陕西卷19）

A. broke in B. broke up

C. broke out D. broke down

【答案】 D。

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。break in打断；闯入；开始工作；break up结束，散开；分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉；出毛病；抛锚。题干意思是：他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空调出毛病了。选D。

3） break in

① 突然进来，强行进入He broke in and stole her jewels.

② 插嘴，打岔Please dont break in on our conversation.

4） break into

① 强行进入The thieves planned to break into a bank.

② 突然……起来The man broke into a run when he saw the police.

③ 打断，插嘴He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning.

④ 占用时间Social activities break into my time.

【拓展1】

break into 与 break in 有时可表示相同的意思，但前者通常为及物的，后者通常为不及物的。

5） break off

① 停止讲话He broke off in the middle of a sentence.

② 暂停，休息Lets break up for a rest.

③ （使）折断The mast has （been） broken off.

6） break out （火灾、战争等）突然发生或爆发The American Civil War broke out in 1860.

【拓展2】

break out是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。

7） break through

① 突破，有重要创新Scientists are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.

② 克服，征服You must try to break through your shyness.

③ 强行穿过（进入） The enemys defences were strong but our soldiers broke through.

【拓展3】

break through有时指太阳、月亮等从云层里出来。The sun broke through at last at noon.

8） break up

① 解散，驱散The police broke up the crowd.

② （学校等）放假When do you break up for Christmas？

③ 结束，破裂The weather shows signs of breaking up.

④ 击碎，撞碎The ship broke up on the rocks.

⑤ 绝交Shes just broken up with her boyfriend.

6. belong to

【点拨】表示“属于”The English book belongs to me.

【拓展1】 belong to可引申指“是……的成员”。Do you belong to the tennis club？

【拓展2】 belong to 没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。

7. put into effect （P.62， Unit 4）

【点拨】实行、实现、实施 The new system will soon be put into effect.

【拓展1】与put into effect 近义词组：put into practice实行，实现

It is time to put into practice the things you have learned.

【拓展2】 put短语归纳：

put aside 存钱；put away 放好，收起来；存钱；put an end to 结束；put back 把（钟）拨慢；推迟；阻碍；put down 扑灭，平息，镇压；放下；put forward 提出；put into 插入；译成；put off 延期，拖延；put on 上演；穿戴；put on weight 长胖；put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出，拿出；put sb. to bed 打发某人睡觉；put sb. to the trouble of 麻烦某人做；put up 挂起，张贴；举起，抬起；建造，搭起；为某人提供膳宿；put up with 忍受，容

忍；put ones heart into 用心去做

At the last moment， Tom decided to a new character to make the story seem more likely. （2013年全国新课标30）

A. put up B. put in

C. put on D. put off

【答案】 B。

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据句意，Tom为了使故事看起来更加具有可能性，他决定加入一个新角色。

You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. （2012年福建卷29）

A. set aside B. take up

C. put away D. give out

【答案】 A。

【解析】根据后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知上半句应该是建议对方要多留出时间进行运动，set aside留出，拨出；take up占据，从事；put away收拾好；give out发出，分发，根据句意只能选择A项。

Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says. （2012年全国卷27）