院士风采

赵飞克1909.12.15～1976.02.04

结构力学专家。湖北鄂城人。1930年毕业于武汉大学工学院。1935年获英国利物浦大学工学院硕士学位。中国科学院技术科学部副主任、教授。1936年回国后，任河北省立工学院、北平大学工学院、天津工商大学教授、延安大学秘书长。1937年参加革命。1949年后，任武汉市政府秘书长、建设局局长、湖南株洲铁路工厂厂长、铁道部设计局局长等。1955年起担任中国科学院技术科学部专职副主任，为学部的建设和发展做出了贡献。主要论著有《桥梁设计应力分析的新方法》和《武汉市码头改革资料汇编》等。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Specialist in mechanics of structure. Born in Echeng, Hubei Province. Graduated from the Institute of Technology, Wuhan University in 1930. Received M. Sc. From the University of Liverpool, UK in 1935. Professor and deputy director, Division of Technological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Since he returned home from abroad in 1936, Zhao was professor in Hebei Institute of Technology, Institute of Technology of Beiping University and Tianjin University of Technology and Commerce as well as secretary-general of Yan’an University. He joined the revolution in 1925. After 1949, he served as secretarygeneral of Wuhan Government and director of Wuhan Construction Bureau, Zhuzhou Railway Factory and Design Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, respectively. He became deputy director of the Division of Technological Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955 and made important contributions to the development of the Division. His main monographs include“ A New Method of Stress Analyses of Bridge Design”,“ Compilation of Wuhan Dock Reform”, etc…

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

侯德榜1890.08.09～1974.08.26

化工专家。福建闽侯人。早年考入清华大学留学预备学堂高等科。1916年获美国麻省理工学院学士学位。1919年获美国哥伦比亚大学硕士学位。1921年获博士学位。化学工业部副部长、高级工程师。为我国化学工业的开发、建设和生产作出了卓越的贡献，是我国近代化学工业的奠基人之一。在他的技术指导下，中国在20年代建立了亚洲第一大碱厂，生产出“红三角”碱。1932年将《纯碱制造》公之于世，为中外化工学者共享。1937年，主持建成具有世界水平的永利化学工业公司南京硫酸铵厂，开创了我国化肥工业的新纪元。1943年，首先在实验室完成连续生产纯碱和氯化氨的联合制碱工艺。此法被世人称为“侯氏制碱法”，为世界制碱技术开辟了一条新途径，并得到了国际学术界的重视。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemical engineering expert. Born in Minhou, Fujian Province. Enrolled in the Preparatory School of Tsinghua University for further studies abroad. Received BS from MIT, USA in 1916, MS from Columbia University in 1919 and Ph.D. in 1921.Senior engineer and vice minister, Ministry of Chemical Industry.

Hou made outstanding contributions to the exploitation,development, construction and production of Chinese chemical industry and was one of the founders of China’s modern chemical industry. Under his technical guidance, Asia’s largest alkali plant was built up in China in the 1920s and“ Red Triangle”alkali was produced. His works“ Pure Alkali Manufacture”was published worldwide in 1932 and was commonly used by chemical engineering scholars both at home and abroad. In 1937,the world advance Nanjing Ammonium Sulfate Factory of Yongli Chemical Industry Company was successfully built under his directorship, creating a new era for Chinese chemical fertilizer industry. In 1943, the associated alkali manufacture process for continuously producing pure alkali and gas ammonium chloride was completed in his laboratory and was designated as“ Hou’s alkali manufacturing process”, which opened a new approach of the alkali manufacturing technology in the world and was highly esteemed by the international academic circle.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

钱令希1916.07.16～2009.04.20

工程力学家。江苏无锡人。1936年毕业于上海国立中法工学院。1938年获比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学最优等工程师学位。大连理工大学教授、顾问。在国内最早发表了变分原理（余能原理）的研究。50年代初，写出《静定结构力学》和《超静结构力学》两本专著。1954年人武汉长江大桥顾问，后又参加南京长江大桥的规划。60年代初，主持研究核潜艇壳体承载能力的研究，对壳体极限分析和稳定性方面的理论研究作出了开创性的贡献。70年代初期，倡导把传统的结构力学与现代化的电子计算技术结合起来，在中国建立“计算力学”，并已在工程结构优化设计方面做出显著的成绩，被广泛应用于各个领域。1975年，主持设计大连油港栈桥工程，针对荷载条件与当地施工条件，成功地采用了百米跨度全焊空腹桁架式桥型，材料省，施工快，结构合理，外形美观，在我国属于首创。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Engineering mechanics specialist. Born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from China-France Institute of Technology in 1936. Received excellent engineer degree from the University Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium in 1938. Professor, president and consultant, Dalian University of Technology.

Qian was the first in China to study variational principle of complementary energy. In the early 1950s, he published two monographs, namely,“ Mechanics of Statically Determinate Structure” and“ Hyper Statically Determinate Structure”. In 1954, he was the advisor of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge Project and participated in the planning of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. In the early 1960s, he was engaged in the study of load-bearing capability of nuclear submarine shell and put forward the theory of limit analysis and stability of shell, which made an important contribution to the theory and practice of shell structures.In the early 1970s, he proposed to integrate structural mechanics with modern computer science to promote computational mechanics in China. Later, he made outstanding achievements in the research on optimal design of engineering structures applied widely in diverse engineering fields. In 1975, he was in charge of the construction of Dalian Loading Bridge over the sea which was composed of 9 spans, each being 100meters long and being made of all-welded open web truss type with parabolical top chord. It is economical in material, quick in construction, rational in structure and beautiful in shape.机械工程专家。原籍浙江绍兴，生于天津。1939

陶亨咸1914.08.31～2003.07.23

年毕业于上海同济大学工学院。机械工业部高级工程师。参与组织制定了我国第一个五年计划中156项工程建设所需设备的研制规划和设计制造，并协助指导建立起一批机械工业的科研机构。参与了我国1956年～1967年科技发展规划和1963年～1972年科技发展规划制定工作。首先提出了注意开展自行设计机电产品建议，积极推行产品设计的三个阶段（技术任务书、技术设计、施工设计）程序。积极组织并推广应用有限元法和价值工程，推动了我国无损检测技术和摩擦技术的发展。推动并组织了断裂力学、失效分析和设计方法学的学术研究和在我国工程技术中的应用。领导创办了我国第一所工程师继续工程教育的“机械工程师进修大学。”

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mechanical engineering expert. Born in Tianjin. Graduated from the College of Technology, Shanghai Tongji University in 1939. Senior engineer, Ministry of Machine-Building Industry.

Tao participated in the organization and formulation of the planning, research, design and manufacturing of the equipment and facilities required for the construction of 156 projects during the First Five-Year Plan period and led the establishment of a series of scientific research institutions of machinery industry. Later, he participated in the formulation of the Chinese Long-Term Schemes for the Development of Science and Technology (1956～1967 and 1963～1973). He was the first to propose that attention should be given to self-designing the electric and machinery products. He actively generalized the application of the scientific working method for product design, prototype fabrication and evaluation. He practiced the three-phase procedure for the product design (technical task contract, technical design and construction design) and organized the application of finite element method and the value judgment project, expediting the development of the damage-free inspection technique and friction technique.He promoted research on rapture mechanics, fault analysis and design methodology as well as their application to the engineering technology in China. He set up the Training College for Mechanical Engineers, the first one in China of on-job education for engineers.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.