院士风采

岩土工程与水工建筑专家。原籍江苏吴江，生于上海。1929年毕业于中央大学。1935年获美国密执安大学硕士学位，1937年获博士学位。清华大学教授。善于抓住生产实践中的关键性学术问题进行创造性的基本研究，十分注意引进和推广国内外先进技术。创导用栅法分析拱坝应力；阐明影响砂土液化的许多因素，并创议用振动三轴仪研究液化问题。他建议用砂井和预压法加固软土地基；用反滤层和排水井防止闸坝地基渗透破坏；用补偿基础原理建造水闸；用就地浇注混凝土防渗墙阻塞砂粒地基的渗漏等。参加了治淮和治黄工程中一些水闸和佛子岭、梅山、板桥、岳城、新丰江、毛家村等水坝的科研与加固工作，以及武汉长江大桥、上海宝山钢厂及其它一些工程有关河道冲刷防护与地基加固处理的咨询工作，并对这些工程提出了积极建议。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Specialist in geotechnical engineering and hydraulic structure.Born in Shanghai.Graduated from the Central University in 1929.Received MS in 1935 and Sc.D.in 1937 from the University of Michigan, USA.Professor, Tsinghua University.

Huang has the special ability of finding key scientific problems in the production practice and doing creative and essential research.He developed the grid analysis method of arch dams and triaxial dynamic loading apparatus for the investigation of various factors affecting the liquefaction of sound.Besides, he also paid great attention to the introduction and popularization of advanced technologies, such as the consolidation of soft soil foundation by using sand well and precompression method, the prevention of ground foundation of sluices and dams from leakage failure by using inverse filter layers and drainage well, the building of sluices according to complement foundation principle, the blocking of sand foundation leakage by casting concrete cut-of walls on the spot, etc..He participated in some scientific research and construction work of sluices and dams in harnessing the Yellow River and Huai River, and the projects in Fozi Ridge,Meishan, Banqiao, Yuecheng, Xinfeng River and Maojiacun dams.He consulted and gave vigorous proposals on the protection of river channel erosion and foundation settlement of many projects including Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Shanghai Baoshan Steel Factory and other.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

章名涛1907.07.23～1985.01.09

电机工程学家。浙江鄞县人。1927年获英国纽加索大学学士学位，1929年获英国曼彻斯特工业大学硕士学位。清华大学电机工程系教授。参加制订全国12年科学远景规划。一直从事电机工程方面的教学工作。主编过《电机学》，编写了《电机设计》、《电磁场在电机中的应用》等讲义。主要论著有:《磁场线图略论》、《凝电器电机》、《同期感应电动机》、《同步机在周期性振荡中的阻尼系数》、《评兰斯道夫所著直流电机》、《单项感应电动机之理论及“张量”分析》、《税格电动机》、《单相同步电机的短路电流》、《三相发电机之瞬变电流》、《感应电动机与补偿变频机串联之特性及理论》等论文，专著有《电机的电磁场》，译著有《异步电机中谐波磁场的作用》。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Electric engineering expert.Born in yinxian, Zhejiang Province.Receive BS from the University of Newcastle in 1927 and MS from the Institute of Science and Technology, University of Manchester, UK in 1929.Professor, Department of Electric Engineering, Tsinghua University.

Zhang participated in mapping out of Long-Term Scheme for the Development of Science and Technology(1956～1967) in China and was engaged in the teaching of electric engineering for a long time.He complied ‘’Electrical Machinery”, ”Electrical Machine Design ” and “Application of Electro-Magnetic Fields in Electrical Machines ” as teaching materials.His main academic treatises include “General Theory of Magnetic Fields”, “Capacitor Motors”, “Synchronous Induction Motors”, “On the Damping Coefficient of Synchrodynes During Periodic Oscillation”,“Comment on the ‘DC Motors’ Written by A.C.Lanzsdorf”, “The Theory of Single-Phase Induction Motors and Tensor Analysis”,“Schraze Electrical Motors”, “Short-Circuit Current in Single-Phase Synchronous Machine”, “Transient Current of Three-Phase Generators”, and “Performance and Theory of Induction Motor in Series Connection with A Compensating Frequency Converter”,In addition, he published a monograph entitled “Electromagnetic Fields of Electrical Machines ” and translated “The Effects of Harmonic Magnetic Field in Asynchronous Machines”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

梁思成1901.04.20～1972.01.09

建筑学家。广东新会人。1923年毕业于清华大学。1927年获美国彭省宾夕法尼亚大学硕士学位，1947年获普林斯顿大学荣誉文学博士学位。1928年回国在东北大学创办建筑系。1931年在北京加入了专门研究中国古代建筑的学术机构—中国营造学社。1946年创办清华大学建筑系。毕业从事教育和中国古代建筑史的研究工作。从30年代开始，亲自主持并参加调查过2000多处古代建筑的实例，积累了大量的中国古代建筑的珍贵资料，对中国古代建筑、古代艺术的发展、特征和成就进行过系统和深入的研究。1949年后，积极参加首都北京的城市规划工作。主持了中华人民共和国国徽、人民英雄纪念碑的设计，参加了北京十大建筑的设计工作。他领导的清华大学建筑系，为中国培养了一大批优秀的建筑人才。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Architect.Born in Xinhui, Guangdong Province.Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1923.Received MS from the University of Pennsylvania, USA in 1927 and honorary Ph.D.in literature from Princeton University in 1947.

Liang founded the Architecture Department in Northeastern University when he returned to China in 1928.In 1931, he joined the Institute for Research in Chinese Architecture, and academic organization for ancient Chinese architecture study.He founded the Architecture Department in Tsinghua University in 1946.He devoted his whole life tu the education and research on the history of ancient Chinese architecture.Since the 1930s, he directed and participated in the survey on more than 2,000 examples of ancient architecture, accumulated a large number of valuable materials,and studied systematically and thoroughly the development,features and achievements of ancient Chinese architecture and ancient art.After 1949, he participated enthusiastically in urban projects of Beijing, which include the design of national emblem of the People’s Republic of China, the Monument to the People’s Heroes and 10 grand buildings in Beijing.He was the dean of Architecture Department of Tsinghua University, where many excellent architects have been trained.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

程孝刚1892.06.24～1977.08

机械专家。江西宜黄人。1913年获美国普渡大学学士及硕士学位。上海交通大学运输起重系主任、教授、副校长。在铁路工程方面造诣很深，对机车车辆制造、修理和运用方面有丰富的实践经验，特别对机车的性能与运转方面深有研究。曾率领专家考察日本铁道工厂及有关技术部门，回国后在津浦铁道上加以运用，成绩显著。创建湖南株洲机厂，并试制成功两用汽车（轨用及陆用）。在桂林机厂进行改造10轮大卡车作为铁路轻型简易机车的试验研究，对当时解决仅有铁路线上的牵引动力以及以后的铁路工务用牵引车提供了方向和方法。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Machinery expert.Born in Yihuang, Jiangsi Province.Received BS and MS from Purdue University, USA in 1913.Professor and chairman, Transport and crane Department and vice president, Jiaotong University.

Cheng was highly learned in railway engineering and had rich practical experience in manufacture, maintenance and utility of locomotives and vehicles, especially the performances and operation of locomotives.He led an expert delegation to survey Japanese railway factories as well as their related technical divisions, applied their experience after coming back to China to the Jinpu Railway Line and achieved outstanding records.He set up the Zhuzhou Locomotive Factory in Hunan Province and succeeded in developing double-use trucks for both railtracd use and filed use.His research and experiments on retrofitting the tenwheel big truck as a simple and light locomotive on the railways provides the orientation and method for solving the trailing power problem on the only railway ling in Chine as well as developing trailers for railway service use.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in1955.