英语短文改错专题技巧点拨及强化训练

王永成

一、短文改错常见错误类型

1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点

常见动词错误类型有：

① 一般现在时与一般过去时错用；② and 前后动词时态不一致;③ 主谓不一致; ④ 缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。

（1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ①）

（2）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于②)

（3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于④)

（4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③ 主谓不一致)

2.名词的常见错误

单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。

① Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects）

② Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words）

③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）

3. 连词错误

连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。

（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ）

① I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose)

② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.

(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and)

③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.

④ When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained.

4. 冠词错误

误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）多余的冠词或少冠词。

① We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the  the same 是固定搭配)

② As everyone knows, its     famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ）

③ My teacher advised me to keep my dairy.

④ I hope you have pleasant journey.

5. 形容词和副词错误

（1） 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）

（2） 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词   修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词

① Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.

（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰）

② My pronunciation was terribly.

6. 代词错误

（1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）

（2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）

（3）代词的单数和复数

（4）多余的代词和少代词

① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself,  me 改为 myself )

② One day I wrote a little story and showed    to my teacher. (加it)

③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.

④ Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.

7. 非谓语动词的常见错误

（1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。

（2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），

（3）介词后用动名词v-ing形式作宾语。

（4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk--talking)

② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going )

③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.

④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.

8. 介词错误

（1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用。

① There are too many people among my family.

（among 改为in ，in my family 为固定搭配）

② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ）

二、短文改错解题思路和检查原则

（1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；

（2）谓语动词的时态、语态；

（3）非谓语动词的用法；

（4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；

（5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；

（6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；

（7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；

（8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

三、短文改错解题四原则

①改动以最少为原则；②虚词以添加或删除为原则；③实词以改变词形为原则；④以保持句子原意为原则

四、短文改错解题步骤

（1）通读全文，掌握大意；（2）整句分析，逐行推敲；3）反复通读，复查验证

1.解题注意要点和能力培养

① 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1126”等题型比例。正确1个，多一词1个，缺词2个，错词6个。

② 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。原文中每行改动只能改一词，答案也只能是一词。

③ 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题。

④ 如有两行都难以找到错误时，与其乱改一行，不如都打"√”以确保一行正确。

⑤ 从作文入手，提高自身语言运用素质。

⑥ 合作学习，帮批帮改，提高识错、纠错能力。

⑦ 精炼短文改错，抓好写、比、改三步。

2.例题分析

Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who work                1.________

in the same office so they walked together to and from          2.________

office. Some day as they were walking home together it       3.________

sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella    4.________

and said, “My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said        5.________

on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my            6.________

umbrella with me.” Dick smiled and walked to him, said,        7.________

“My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to            8.________

carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly           9.________

have with you.”                                                10.________

（1）首先 通读全文，掌握大意 此文讲述的是邻居Tom 和Dick 的故事。

（2）整句分析，逐行推敲。

①第二遍阅读后，容易改出的题有 1.2.4.6.10 ；

②然后先看前6项 第3项 翻译整句为：有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开始下雨了。

Some day 不能表示有一天，属于固定搭配中修饰词有误。

③第5项，由于对foresight的意思和用法不清楚，不能轻易改动，暂放一边。

④ 现在看7－10 项。第7项 翻译意思：Dick 笑了笑并且走向他（Tom），说到…，翻译后很容易可以看出said前有一个逗号，and 连接的动词只有smiled 和 walked。说明此处有错。

⑤第8题，又出现了foresight。现在来比较第5项和第8项的两个句子。

a. My wife surely has foresight （预见）我的妻子肯定地作出了预见  （Tom's wife）

b. My wife has even great foresight。  我的妻子作出了更大的预见 （Dick's wife）

比较两句后 可以判断这里的foresight不是一个动词而是一个不可数名词。可以判定great有错。并可以反推第5项应该没有错误。（Dick 的妻子说的话明显有比较的含义并且这样才能突出文章的幽默感）

⑥ 第9项理清句子结构后，可以看出有一词是多余的。

3.总结错误考查点有

①名词单复数；②时态；③固定搭配；④词性；⑤多余的介词和连接词；⑥非谓语；⑦形容词的比较级；⑧少了代词。

题型比例： 1个正确，缺词1个，多词2个，错词6个。