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东亚五味子的木脂素类化学成分研究

2012-01-26杨黎彬黄胜雄普建新李丽梅赵勇

中成药 2012年12期
关键词:石油醚丙酮五味子

杨黎彬,黄胜雄,普建新*,李丽梅,赵勇

(1.西安医学院药学院,陕西西安710021;2.中科院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650204)

近年来,本课题组从五味子科植物中分离得到了众多结构新颖的高氧化度三萜[1-5]。产自陕西秦岭的东亚五味子Schisandra elongata(BI.)Baill.中化学成分尚未见相关文献报道,本实验首次对其进行了次生代谢产物研究,从中分离得到8个已知木脂素类化合物schizantherin B(1)[6],tigloylgomisin P(2)[7],gomisin G(3)[7],gomisin M1(4)[8],gomisin K3(5)[9],epigomisin O(6)[10],gomisin J(7)[11],pre-gomisin(8)[12],从中没有发现高氧化度的三萜。

1 药材、仪器与材料

1.1 药材东亚五味子Schisandra elongata(BI.)Baill.于2005年6月采自陕西省秦岭丰裕口,由中国科学院昆明植物研究所李锡文研究员鉴定。植物标本存放于昆明植物所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室。

1.2 仪器BruckerAM-400和DRX-500型核磁共振仪,TMS为内标;VG Autospec-3000质谱仪;Agilent 1100 HPLC,色谱柱为ZorbaxSB-C18(Agilent,4.6 mm×250 mm,1 mL/min;9.4 mm×250 mm,3 mL/min),二极管阵列检测器(DAD);Shimadazu LC-8A型制备HPLC,色谱柱为ShimadazuPRC-ODS(25 mL/min),单波长紫外检测器。

1.3 材料薄层硅胶板、柱层析硅胶均为青岛海洋化工厂生产;反相材料Lichroprep RP-18为Merk公司生产;MCI GEL CHP20P(75~150 μm)日本Mitsubishi化学公司生产;凝胶Sephadex LH-20为美国GE公司生产。

2 提取分离

东亚五味子干燥茎(3.5 kg)粉碎后在室温下70%丙酮浸提3次,每次5 d。合并提取液减压浓缩至无丙酮后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇连续萃取3~4次,分别得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物。

乙酸乙酯提取物(70 g)用80~100目硅胶80 g拌样后,500 g硅胶干法装柱,石油醚-丙酮(15∶1~1∶1)进行梯度洗脱,TLC检测合并相同部分,得到8个部分:Ⅰ~Ⅷ。第Ⅳ部分[石油醚-丙酮(8∶1)部分]反复用正相硅胶柱层析、RP-18、Sephadex LH-20以及半制备HPLC得到化合物1(6 mg),2(11 mg),3(9 mg),4(12 mg),5(15 mg),6(8 mg)。第Ⅴ部分2.3 g[石油醚-丙酮(7∶1)部分]分离得到化合物7(35 mg)和8(15 mg)。

3 分离鉴定

化合物1:不定形粉末。FAB MS:m/z513[M-H]-。1H-NMR(acetone-d6,500 MHz)δ:6.87(1H,s,H-4),5.73(1H,s,H-6),1.87(1H,m,H-8),2.32(1H,m,H-9α),2.06(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.47(1H,s,H-11),0.95(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,CH3-17),0.83(3H,d,J=6.9 Hz,CH3-18),3.45(3H,s,OCH3-1),5.93和5.98(2 H,s,OCH2O),3.79,3.81和3.87(各3H,s,OCH3-2,3,14),5.96(1H,overlap,H-3'),1.54(3H,s,CH3-4'),1.81(3H,dd,J=7.1,1.4 Hz,CH3-5');13C-NMR(acetone-d6,125 MHz)δ:152.8(s,C-1),135.9(s,C-2),152.7(s,C-3),112.3(d,C-4),133.8(s,C-5),81.2(d,C-6),72.2(s,C-7),37.7(d,C-8),38.0(t,C-9),135.3(s,C-10),102.7(d,C-11),149.7(s,C-12),142.5(s,C-13),142.9(s,C-14),122.7(s,C-15),124.6(s,C-16),18.3(q,C-17),14.9(q,C-18),57.2,58.7,60.5和60.8(q,4(OCH3),166.8(s,C-1'),128.9(s,C-2'),138.19(d,C-3'),20.3(q,C-4'),15.7(q,C-5')。以上数据与文献报道[6]的化合物schizantherin B基本一致。

化合物2:不定形粉末。FABMS:m/z513[MH]-。1H-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:7.18(1H,s,H-4),5.70(1H,s,H-6),2.04(1H,overlap,H-8),2.39(1H,brd,J=13.6 Hz,H-9α),2.24(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.81(1H,s,H-11),1.33(1H,s,C-17),1.29(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,C-18),3.77(3H,s,OCH3-1),6.22(2H,s,OCH2O),3.96,4.02和4.06(各3H,s,OCH3-2,3,14),7.17(overlap,H-3'),2.04(s,CH3-4'),1.98(dd,J=7.1,1.4 Hz,CH3-5');13C-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:153.4(s,C-1),142.0(s,C-2),151.8(s,C-3),107.2(d,C-4),134.9(s,C-5),78.0(d,C-6),74.9(s,C-7),47.5(d,C-8),37.0(t,C-9),136.3(s,C-10),103.5(d,C-11),150.2(s,C-12),138.1(s,C-13),142.3(s,C-14),120.9(s,C-15),123.5(s,C-16),19.0(q,C-17),17.8(q,C-18),101.9(t,OCH2O),56.1,59.8,60.6和60.8(q,4×OCH3),166.6(s,C-1'),129.6(s,C-2'),137.8(d,C-3'),12.2(q,C-4'),14.3(q,C-5')。以上数据与文献报道[7]的化合物tigloylgomisin P基本一致。

化合物3:无色晶体。FABMS:m/z535[MH]-。1H-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:6.92(1H,s,H-4),5.95(1H,s,H-6),2.15(1H,m,H-8),2.75(1H,dd,J=13.8,9.4 Hz,H-9α),2.28(1H,brd,J=13.8 Hz,H-9β),6.81(1H,s,H-11),1.23(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,CH3-17),1.33(3H,s,CH3-18),3.37(3H,s,OCH3-1),6.05和6.07(各1H,s,OCH2O),4.00(3H,s,OCH3-12),3.77(3H,s,OCH3-13),3.14(3H,s,OCH3-14),7.42(2H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-3'),7.35(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-4'),7.56(1H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-5');13C-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:151.6(s,C-1),137.5(s,C-2),148.4(s,C-3),107.7(d,C-4),131.4(s,C-5),85.6(d,C-6),72.9(s,C-7),43.3(d,C-8),37.3(t,C-9),138.1(s,C-10),108.6(d,C-11),154.4(s,C-12),140.8(s,C-13),142.0(s,C-14),122.9(s,C-15),123.5(s,C-16),19.2(q,C-17),29.2(q,C-18),101.7(t,OCH2O),60.9,60.7,58.6和57.8(q,4×OCH3),130.2(s,OCO-Ph),165.2(s,C-1'),130.2(d,C-2',C-6'),128.9(d,C-3',C-5').以上数据与文献报道[7]的化合物gomisin G基本一致。

化合物4:黄色块状结晶。FABMS:m/z385[M-H]-。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:6.51(1H,s,H-4),2.58(1H,overlap,H-6a),2.54(1H,overlap,H-6b),1.89(1H,m,H-7),1.78(1H,m,H-8),2.04(1H,d,J=13.0 Hz,H-9a),2.25(1H,dd,J=9.0,13.0 Hz,H-9b),6.38(1H,s,H-11),0.75(3H,d,J=7.1 Hz,CH3-17),0.98(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,CH3-18),3.87,3.89,3.92(各3H,s,3×OCH3),5.72(s,-OH),5.93和5.96(各1H,s,OCH2O);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ:140.9(s,C-1),134.4(s,C-2),148.8(s,C-3),103.4(d,C-4),138.3(s,C-5),35.6(t,C-6),40.7(d,C-7),33.5(d,C-8),39.2(t,C-9),134.6(s,C-10),107.2(d,C-11),150.4(s,C-12),133.5(s,C-13),146.8(s,C-14),116.6(s,C-15),120.2(s,C-16),12.9(q,C-17),21.4(q,C-18),100.7(t,OCH2O),60.9,59.7,55.6(q,3×OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道[8]的化合物gomisin M1基本一致。

化合物5:黄色结晶。FABMS:m/z401[MH]-。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:6.57(1H,s,H-4),2.48(1H,d,J=1.8,12.8 Hz,H-6α),2.06(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-6β),1.90(1H,m,H-7),1.89(1H,m,H-8),2.26(1H,dd,J=9.6,13.6 Hz,H-9α),2.57(1H,dd,J=7.6,13.6 Hz,H-9β),6.37(1H,s,H-11),0.99(3H,d,J=7.1 Hz,17-CH3),0.74(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,18-CH3),3.92,3.90,3.88,3.87,3.63(各3 H,s,5×OCH3);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ:151.0(s,C-1),139.6(s,C-2),152.9(s,C-3),107.0(d,C-4),139.5(s,C-5),38.9(t,C-6),33.5(d,C-7),40.6(d,C-8),35.5(t,C-9),134.0(s,C-10),107.5(d,C-11),150.3(s,C-12),133.6(s,C-13),146.6(s,C-14),116.7(s,C-15),121.0(s,C-16),12.5(q,C-17),21.6(q,C-18),61.4,60.8,60.7,55.7,55.5(q,5×OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道[9]的化合物gomisin K3基本一致。

化合物6:白色粉末。FABMS:m/z415[MH]-。1H-NMR(500Hz,acetone-d6)δ:7.00(1H,s,H-4),4.56(1H,brs,H-6),1.97(1H,overlap,H-7),1.92(1H,m,H-8),2.13(1H,m,H-9α),2.01(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.45(1H,s,H-11),1.00(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,CH3-17),0.69(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,CH3-18),3.54(3H,s,OCH3-1),5.93(2H,s,OCH2O),3.83,3.84和3.87(各3H,s,OCH3-2,3,14);13C-NMR(125Hz,acetone-d6)δ:151.0(s,C-1),140.5(s,C-2),152.1(s,C-3),106.2(d,C-4),136.5(s,C-5),73.3(d,C-6),42.4(d,C-7),39.2(d,C-8),34.6(t,C-9),137.8(s,C-10),102.8(d,C-11),149.0(s,C-12),134.4(s,C-13),140.7(s,C-14),119.5(s,C-15),121.2(s,C-16),21.9(q,C-17),7.7(q,C-18),100.8(t,OCH2O),60.9,60.6,59.2,55.9(q,4×OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道[10]的化合物epigomisin O基本一致。

化合物7:不定形粉末。FABMS:m/z387[M-H]-。1H-NMR(500Hz,acetone-d6)δ:6.45(1H,s,H-4),2.41(1H,dd,J=13.5,7.8 Hz,H-6α),2.30(1H,brd,J=13.5 Hz,H-6β),1.63(1H,m,H-7),1.75(1H,m,H-8),2.10(1H,dd,J=12.8,10.0 Hz,H-9α),1.90(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.45(1H,s,H-11),0.84(3H,d,J=7.1 Hz,CH3-17),0.59(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,CH3-18),3.36(各3H,s,OCH3-1,14),3.68(各3H,s,OCH3-2,13),7.63和7.68(各1H,s,OH);13C-NMR(125Hz,acetone-d6)δ:150.9(s,C-1),140.4(s,C-2),152.2(s,C-3),114.7(d,C-4),135.0(s,C-5),39.5(t,C-6),42.1(d,C-7),34.7(d,C-8),35.8(t,C-9),139.3(s,C-10),111.4(d,C-11),152.1(s,C-12),139.5(s,C-13),149.7(s,C-14),122.0(s,C-15),123.0(s,C-16),21.9(q,C-17),12.9(q,C-18),60.1,60.1,60.9和60.9(q,4×OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道[11]的化合物gomisin J基本一致。

化合物8:白色固体。FABMS:m/z389[MH]-。1H-NMR(400Hz,acetone-d6)δ:6.89(2H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-3,3'),6.55(2H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-5,5'),2.82(2H,dd,J=13.2,5.0 Hz,H-7a,7'a),2.33(2H,dd,J=13.2,9.6 Hz,H-7β,7'β),1.92(2H,m,H-8,8'),0.87(6H,d,J=6.5 Hz,CH3-9,9');13C-NMR(100Hz,acetone-d6)δ:138.4(s,C-1,1'),151.9(s,C-2,2'),104.8(d,C-3,3'),135.5(s,C-4,4'),111.3(d,C-5,5'),154.0(s,C-6,6'),39.3(t,C-7,7'),39.6(d,C-8,8'),16.5(q,C-9,9'),55.9,55.9,60.5和60.5(q,4×OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道[12]的化合物pre-gomisin基本一致。

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