院士风采

院士风采

冯德培1907.02.20～1995.04.10

神经生理学家。中国科学院上海生物研究所研究员、名誉所长。浙江临海人。1926年毕业于上海复旦大学生物系，1927年～1929年在北京协和医学院生物系当研究生。1933年在英国伦敦大学获博士学位。冯德培发现静息肌肉被拉长时产热增加，这个发现被称为“冯氏效应”；在神经肌肉接头生理学方面，他早在1936年～1941年间就进行了大量的开创性研究，成为国际公认的这一领域的先驱者。在神经肌肉间营养性关系方面，他带领共同工作者发现了鸡慢肌纤维去神经后肥大的现象，并对阐明如何决定肌纤维类型的机制作出重要贡献。晚年他带领学生开展了中枢突触可塑性的研究。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Neurophysiologist.Born in Linhai, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from the Department of Biology, Fudan University in 1926 and finished postgraduate study from the Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College in 1929.Received Ph.D.from the University of London in 1933.Professor and honorary director, Shangai Institute of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Feng discovered the increase of resting heat production of muscle on stretch (the “Feng effect”).In physiology of neuromuscular junction he made a number of seminal discoveries in the early 1930s and is an internationally recogniaed pioneer.In the field of nervemuscle trophic relations, together with his collaborators, he discovered the new phenomenon of post-denervation hypertrophy in slow muscle fibers of the chick and contributed to the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the nerual determination of the phenotypic characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers.He and his students are currently doing research on activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in hippocampus.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

朱洗1900.10.14～1962.07.24

细胞学家。浙江临海人。1925年进入法国蒙彼利埃大学生物系学习，1931年获法国国家博士学位。中国科学院实验生物研究所研究员、所长。长期从事两栖类、鱼类、家蚕等动物卵子成熟、受精等研究，发现卵子成熟程度与胚胎的正常发育有密切关系；输卵管产生的胶膜对受精有重要作用；创立了蟾蜍卵巢离体排卵的方法，为探讨卵子成熟、受精和发育问题开辟了新途径。1961年使人工雌性发育的雌蟾蜍与雄蟾蜍交配，繁殖出后代，证明了单性生殖的高等动物仍保有传代的能力；家蚕的混精杂交研究，发现了不同品种的逾数精子能影响子代的遗传形状。在应用方面，与合作者解决了蓖麻蚕的引种、驯化、越冬以及品种培育等问题；应用绒毛膜促性腺激素，成功地解决了鲢、鳙等池养家鱼的人工催产以及鱼卵孵化和鱼苗培育等问题。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Cytologist.Born in Linhai, Zhejiang Province.Studied at the Department of Biology, Montpellier University, France in 1925.Received French national doctor degree in 1931.Research professor and director, Institute of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhu was engaged in the studieds of maturation and fertilization of amphibian, fish and silkworm eggs and discovered that the normal development of an egg depends on its proper degree of maturation at the time of fertilization and that egg jelly produced by the oviduct is indispensable for fertilization.He devised a method of ovulation in vitro that provided a new way of analysis of maturation and fertilization of amphibian eggs.He further proved that the parthenogenetically developed female toad is fertile and capable of producing viable offspring.In hybrids obtained by successive mating of a female moth with males of different strains of silkworm, he discovered that some phenotypic characters of the descendants were derived from the superumerary sperms of other strains as a result of polyspermy.He and his colleagues introduced Eri-silkworm（Philosamia cynthia ricine）and solved problems of acclimatization, over-wintering and breeding.Using chorionic gonadotropin, he succeeded in the induced spawning of domestic fishes like silver carp and Aristichthys nobilis and worked out the procedures for the hatching of larvae and cultivation of fish fries.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

伍献文1900.03.15～1985.04.03

动物学家。浙江瑞安人。1921年毕业于南京高等师范学校，1927年获厦门大学理学学士学位。1932年获法国巴黎大学科学博士学位。是中国科学院水生生物研究所研究员、名誉所长。是中国研究鱼类学和水生生物学的奠基人之一。对蠕虫、加壳、两栖爬行、鸟类等动物进行了深入的研究，组织了渤海湾及山东半岛的海洋生物调查，这是中国组织的海洋考察的开端；领导并参加了江苏五里湖的调查工作。组织编写了《中国鲤科鱼类志》（上、下卷）。《鲤亚目鱼类分科的系统及其科间系统发育的相互关系》提出了鲤亚目鱼类的一个新的分类系统，其论点已被加拿大学者J.S.纳尔逊引用与权威性著作《世界鱼类》第二版。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Zoologist.Born in Ruian, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from Nanjing Senior Normal School in 1921.Received B.Sc.From Xiamen Universyty in 1927, and Sc.D.From Paris University, France in 1932.Professor, director and honroary director, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

As one of the founders of Chinese ichthyology and aquatic biology, Wu conducted in-depth studies of many kinds of animals, including worms, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles and birds.He organized the bilolgical survey of the Bohai Sea Gulf and Shandong Peninsula, which intiated the marine investigations in China.He organized the limnological investigation of the Wuli Lake in Jiangsu Province and the compilation of the two-volume book “Monograph of Chinese Cyprindae”.He proposed a new taxonomical system of the suborder Cyprinoidei, which was reflected in his paper “A Taxonomical System and Phylogenetic Relationship of the Families of the Suborder Cyprinoidei (Pisces)”.His argument was cited by Canadian scientist J.S.Nelson in the second edition of his authoritative book “Fishes of the World”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

刘承钊1900.09.25～1976.04.09

动物学家。山东泰安人。1927年毕业于燕京大学生物学系，获学士学位，1929年又获理学硕士学位。1934年获美国康乃尔大学哲学博士学位。四川医学院教授、院长。曾先后在四川、云南、贵州、西藏、陕西、福建、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、新疆等14个省区调查采集了大量珍贵的标本和资料；在两栖动物区系分类的基础理论研究方面做出了成绩，编写了《华西两栖类》(1950)及《中欧各国无尾两栖类》专著，受到世界上同行的重视。先后发现了角蟾亚科7个属40个种，定名新种和新亚种60余种，澄清了许多过去在分类上的问题；提出横断山脉是我国角蟾亚科分化中心的见解，为研究角蟾动物的起源和演化提供了科学依据，为查明我国两栖动物的丰富资源作出了贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Zoologist.Born in Taian, Shandong Province.Received BS in 1927 and MS in 1929 from the Department of Biology, Yanjing University and Ph.D.from Cornell University, USA in 1934.Professor and director, Sichuan Medical College.

Liu collected a vast amount of valuable specimens and data in 14 provinces such as Sichuan,Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Shaansi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Xinjiang.He made contributions to the basic theoretical research on amphibia classification complied the book entitled “Amphibia in West China”which was praised highly by European and American scholars after publication in USA in 1950.He discovered 7 genera and 40 species of subphytaiidae, named over 60 new species and subspecies and clarified lots of classification problems.He proposed that Hengduan Mountain Chain is the distribution center of subphytaiidae in China, porvided scientific basis for studying the origin and evolutin of phytaiidae and made contributions to the clarfication of the rich resources of amphibia in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.