院士风采

梁伯强1899.02.15～1968.11.28

病理学家。广东梅县人。1922年毕业于同济大学医学院。1924年获德国慕尼黑医科大学博士学位。中山医学院教授、副院长、肿瘤研究所所长。中国病理学奠基人之一。指导助手创立了从尸体中取出完整鼻咽的方法，探讨鼻咽癌的组织学类型、生物学特征和组织发生学的问题；研究过肝硬化和肝癌等方面的问题；对肿瘤的研究，除注意了环境对人类的影响外，还注意到人体在抵抗肿瘤方面的内在因素；多次举办“高级病理师资班”，培养了许多病理学人才。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Pathologist. Born in Meixian, Guangdong Province. Graduated from the Medical School of Tongji University in 1922. Received Ph. D.from Munich Medical University, Germany in 1924. Professor and vice president, Zhongshan Medical College, and director, Institute of Tumor.

Liang was one of the founders of pathlolgy in China. He led his assistants to establish a method, which could be used to take out the whole masopharynx from a dead body. They went further into problems such as the histological type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the biological characteristics and the histogenesis. He studied cirrhoses of liver and liver cancer. In his studies on tumor, he paid attention not only to the influence of the environment to human beings, but also to the intrinsic cancer-resistant factors of a person. He organized teachers’ training class for advanced pathology for many times and trained a large number of pathologists.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

童第周1902.05.28～1979.07.30

实验胚胎学家。浙江鄞县人。1927年毕业于复旦大学生物系。1930年获比利时北京大学科学博士学位。中国科学院发育生物学研究所研究员、中国科学院生物学部主任、中国科学院副院长。中国实验胚胎学的创始人。用分类球活体染色法证明海鞘镶嵌型发育远不像过去认为的那样严格。研究两栖类胚胎发育的极性或轴性，以纤毛的运动作为实验对象和极性指标，探讨胚胎极性这样一个胚胎发育的重大问题；在文昌鱼发育方面，研究分裂球之间的相互关系，胚层之间的相互关系以及诱导作用等，使胚胎学界对文昌鱼个体发育有了全新的认识，对于理解系统发育起到了启迪作用；晚年进行了细胞核和细胞质在发育中关系的研究，证明了在个体发育中，核与质之间不是彼此独立的，而是有非常密切的关系。他从教多年，培养了大批学生，有不少学生成为国内外知名的学者。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Experimental embryologist. Born in Yinxian, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from the Department of Biology, Fudan University in 1927.Received Sc. D. from Belgian University, Belgium in 1930. Professor,Institute of Developmental Biology, director, Division of Biology Sciences, and vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Tong was the founder of experimental embryology in China.By using blastomere vivistain method, he proved that the mosaic auxesis of ascidian was far from being strict as it had been thought and that the relationship between cells was more or less a definitive factor. It corrected the past opinion. He studied the polarity and axis of amphibian embryogenesis. Taking the movement of villus as experimental object and a polarity index, he investigated the embryo polarity, an important problem in embryogenesis. In studying the development of branchiostoma belcheri, he investigated the relationship among blastomeres, the relationship among blastophyllums and the induction, which enabled the embryo academic circle to have completely new knowledge about the ontogeny of branchiostoma belcheri, and enlightened them to understand the phylogenesis. In his late years, he studied the relationship between nucleus and cytoplasm in the developmental processes and proved that the nucleus and cytoplasm were not independent on each other, but had close relations.He was engaged in the teaching for many years and trained many students, many of whom are known in China and abroad.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

蔡翘1897.10.11～1990.07.29

生理学家。广东揭阳人。1925年毕业于美国芝加哥大学研究院，获哲学博士学位。1930年先后在英国伦敦大学、德国法兰克福大学从事研究工作，军事医学科学院研究员。1925年发现了视觉与眼球运动的中枢部位，被国际同行成为“蔡氏核区”。1939年在成都建立我国第一个生理学研究所。三四十年代，对甲状旁腺的功能、感受器的现象、肝糖元异生机制等课题有较深入的研究。致力于航空航海医学研究，是我国航空航海生理科学的奠基人。1978年起指导神经生物学研究。著有《生理学》、《生理学实验》、《航空与空间医学基础》等11本专著。培养了如冯德培、童第周等国内外许多著名学者。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physiologist. Born in Jieyang, Guangdong Province. Received Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1925. Conducted research at he University of London, UK and Frankfurt University, Germany in 1930. Research professor, Military Academy of Medical Sciences.

Cai discovered the central region in the visual sense and eyeball motional function, which attracted great attention from physiologists all over the world and was considered Tsai’s Region. In 1939, he established the first institute of physiology in Chengdu. During the 1930s and 1940s, he conducted in-depth studies on the function of glandula parathyreoidea, the adaptive phenomena of receptor and liver glyconeogenase mechanism. He devoted himself to the studies of navigation and aviation medicine and was the founder of these fields in China. From 1978, he supervised the studies on neurobiology. He wrote or compiled 11 books, including “Physilolgy”, “Physiological Experiment” and “Fundamentals of Aviation and Space Medicine”,He trained a number of outstanding scientists, such as Feng Depei,Tong Dizhou and many others, who were well-known experts both at home and abroad.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

蔡邦华1902.10.06～1983.08.08

昆虫学家。江苏溧阳人。1923年毕业于日本鹿儿岛高等农林学校动植物科。中国科学院动物研究所研究员。对于螟虫的发生、防治与气候关系的研究，创立了一套害虫预测预报制度；对于谷象发育与温湿度关系的研究，分析出其猖獗发生的最适度，解决了害虫猖獗长期争论的问题；关于五倍子的研究，查明了中国产的不同五倍子及产生不同五倍子的不同倍蚜种类和特性，为五倍子的人工生产提供了科学依据；提出了松毛虫及白蚁的综合防治方案；进行了直翅目、鳞翅目、等翅目等五个昆虫科目的分类学研究，发现了许多新属、新亚属、新种、新亚种。奠定了中国森林昆虫学研究的基础。

Entomologist. Born in Liyang, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Animal and Plant, Kago Shima Agriculture and Forestry School, Japan in 1923. Professor, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Cai conducted research on the relationship between the occurrence of snout moth and climate and developed a series of systems for the prediction and forecasting of pest insects. He also carried out research on the relationship between the growth of granary weevil and temperature and humidity. He clarified the long-debated problems related to the rampant occurrence of pest insects. His studies on gallnuts demonstrated that there existed different kinds of gallnuts in China. He examined the kinds and characteristics of different florapgises which could produce different gallnuts. This finding provided scientific grounds for the artificial production of gallnuts. He put forward an integrated control plan for the pine moth and termites. He conducted research on the systematics of Orthoptera, Lepidoptera,Isoptera and other 5 orders and families.His findings of many new genera, subgenera,species and subspecies laid a foundation for the study of forest entomology in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.