达赖挟洋自重必然失败

■ 益多

达赖挟洋自重必然失败

■ 益多

借助外国势力使所谓“西藏问题”国际化，对中国政府施加压力，最终实现“西藏独立”，这一图谋贯穿十四世达赖喇嘛五十多年流亡生涯。近年来达赖更是想尽名目在国际上窜访，乞求一些国家领导人接见。2010年2月18日，达赖不顾中国政府有关部门的严正警告，执意窜美会见总统奥巴马，蓄意破坏中美关系，并在会见后觍然声称“我有责任为600万藏人代言”。但是达赖忘记了，历史早就证明，西藏的前途从来是包括西藏各族群众在内的全中国人民说了算的，而不是他和几个外国人说了算的。

所谓“西藏问题”是一个伪命题

西藏自古就是中国的一部分，根本不存在达赖集团和一些外国势力所谓的“西藏问题”。所谓“西藏问题”是帝国主义为了侵略、瓜分和遏制中国而炮制出来的。1888年、1904年英国两次武装入侵西藏，但是由于西藏人民在全国人民支持下英勇反抗，使侵略者用武力把西藏从中国分裂出去的图谋没有得逞，外国势力由此转而在西藏地方统治集团上层培植“西藏独立”的代理人。美国在第二次世界大战后直接插手西藏事务，干扰破坏中国统一和人民解放事业。西藏地方上层反动集团为了永远维持政教合一的封建农奴制度，不惜与外国势力勾结，先是武力抗拒西藏和平解放，后是发动武装叛乱反对民主改革。1954年，美国中央情报局在藏人中招募特工人员，送到关岛、琉球、科罗拉多州等地训练，而后秘密送回国内，通过边境偷运、空投等方式给他们提供武器弹药，进行分裂叛乱活动。1959年3月达赖集团叛乱失败逃离西藏时，达赖身边紧跟一名美国中央情报局无线电报务员，通过随身携带的收发报机与外界保持紧密联系，指引为达赖集团空投物资。

达赖跑到国外后，一直靠外国势力供养。据美国解密档案透露，仅1964年美国用在“西藏项目”上的开支就达166万美元，包括：支持2100名“西藏游击战士”的费用，器材、运输、装置以及操作人员的培训费用，科罗拉多州秘密训练基地费用，西藏境内的情报网费用，高级“西藏官员”的教育费用等。其中给达赖的津贴是18万美元，而当时美国总统的工资也不过10万美元。如果没有外国势力这样不惜血本，“西藏问题”当时就烟消云散了。近些年来，一些外国势力对达赖集团的经济扶持变得隐讳了些，但力度不减。即使在面对严重金融危机的情况下，美国政府2009财年预算为达赖集团专门列项，总金额仍达1680万美元，比上年增长25%。此外还以形形色色的非政府组织、基金会名义以及邀请达赖“讲经”等方式为这个集团源源不断地“输血”。

美化、抬高达赖是一些外国势力炒作“西藏问题”的又一重要手段。1989年国际形势剧变之际，一项诺贝尔和平奖的桂冠被及时扣在达赖头上，此后各类“荣誉”接踵而至。有了这些“光环”，一些国家的政要就有了与达赖见面的“理由”。一些国家议会更成为支持达赖的急先锋，一些议员甚至不顾国际关系基本准则和本国政府的立场，公开声言支持“西藏独立”。

在旧中国积贫积弱的年代，帝国主义和西藏地方分裂势力尚且不能把西藏从中国分裂出去，在社会主义的中国日益发展壮大的今天，任何“藏独”图谋更无异于一场闹剧。相反，它却更加激发中国人民捍卫国家主权、领土完整和民族尊严的决心。

达赖集团不具任何合法性

作为一些外国势力对华战略中的一枚棋子，达赖极力给自己的小集团披上合法性的外衣。达赖集团2008年散布的所谓“为全体藏人实现名符其实自治的建议”再次宣称，“西藏流亡政府象征着西藏人民的利益和西藏人民的代表”。在这个“建议”被中国政府有关部门全面驳回之后，达赖集团又炮制了一份“阐释”，声称“达赖喇嘛尊者作为西藏人民合法代表的地位，在任何时候都是不容置疑的”。其实达赖和所谓“流亡政府”是一回事，这个政府的英文全称是“Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama”，翻译过来就是“神圣的达赖喇嘛的西藏中央政府”。而事实是，这个“流亡政府”连同它的“政教首脑”达赖连半点合法性也不存在，仅仅是一个从事分裂祖国活动的、靠外国势力养活的政治小集团。

1951年中央政府和原西藏地方政府签订关于和平解放西藏办法的协议，即十七条协议。达赖本人专门致电中央表示，“西藏地方政府及藏族僧俗人民一致拥护，并在毛主席及中央人民政府领导下积极协助人民解放军进藏部队巩固国防，驱逐帝国主义势力出西藏，保卫祖国领土主权的统一”。由于十七条协议的签订，当时以达赖喇嘛为首的西藏地方政府具有合法的性质。

1959年3月10日，原西藏地方政府统治集团悍然发动武装叛乱，以“西藏独立国人民会议”名义宣布“西藏独立”。达赖在逃窜途中于山南隆子县宣布成立以他为首的“西藏临时政府”，此后在外国又搞了一系列宣示“西藏独立”的活动。3月28日，周恩来总理发布国务院命令，“查西藏地方政府多数噶伦和上层反动集团……撕毁关于和平解放西藏办法的十七条协议……这种背叛祖国、破坏统一的行为，实为国法所不容”，“特决定自即日起，解散西藏地方政府，由西藏自治区筹备委员会行使西藏地方政府职权”。因此，原西藏地方政府早已被中央政府依法解散，叛逃到外国的人员纠合组成的所谓“西藏流亡政府”完全是违背西藏各族人民利益的，完全是违反中国法律的。1963年10月，所谓“西藏流亡政府”在印度公布了一个“西藏国宪法”，声称西藏是“独立国家”，“西藏政府的主要职权由达赖喇嘛负责”。达赖撰写的“西藏未来政体及宪法要旨”声称“西藏属于中国的说法是不真实的”，要求“中国退出西藏”。这一切表明，这个非法的“政府”以“立法”形式与中国宪法和其他法律全面决裂与对立。1964年12月17日，国务院全体会议通过《关于撤销达赖职务的决定》指出：“达赖在其1959年发动叛国的反革命武装叛乱、逃亡国外后，组织流亡伪政府，公布伪宪法……这一切证明他早已自绝于祖国和人民”。

所以，无论是从人民利益的角度，还是从法理角度，代表西藏地方和西藏人民的，只能是中国中央政府及其领导下的西藏自治区人民政府。达赖及其“流亡政府”没有任何合法性，没有任何资格代表西藏地方和西藏人民，世界上迄今也没有任何国家承认这个“流亡政府”。任何外国政要以任何借口会见达赖，都是对这个以分裂中国为目的的非法政治组织的支持。美国总统此次同达赖会见，严重违背国际关系基本准则，违反中美三个联合公报和《中美联合声明》确定的原则，违背美国政府多次重申的承认西藏是中国一部分、不支持“西藏独立”的承诺，也完全违背当年林肯总统废除美国黑奴制度的进步精神。

达赖自认为是“印度之子”

当一些外国势力声称他们支持达赖是为了“保护西藏独特的宗教、文化和语言特性”时，达赖本人究竟是不是藏人却成为一个问题。

2009年3月31日，达赖在新德里对媒体声称：“我把自己称作‘印度之子’。”11月22日在新德里一次国际会议上再次称，“我在过去50年来，都是吃印度饭生活，因此我也就成了印度之子(I am a son

of India)”。2010年1月16日，达赖在古吉拉特邦“国际佛教会议”开幕式上说得更直白：“我是印度之子，这是无可质疑的。在过去50年来，我一直靠着印度的食物生存着，而印度的自治给了我巨大的机会。由于这些原因，我将自己视为印度之子，也为此感到无比自豪。但我的父母是纯藏人，因此外形上，我是一名藏人，而从精神上，我是一名印度人。我……已经做好为上师印度提供一切服务的准备。”

如果人们以为达赖此类言论只是心血来潮，那就错了。2007年1月23日，达赖对印度媒体声称，“1914年西藏政府和英属印度都承认了麦克马洪线，根据当时的条约，阿鲁纳恰尔邦成为印度的一部分”。2009年8月10日，达赖又对英国媒体说：“麦克马洪地区确实有点复杂。尽管历史上有不同的归属，1914年后，这些地区就属于印度了”。所谓“流亡政府”要员也同声响应。达赖所说的“阿鲁纳恰尔邦”、“麦克马洪地区”历史上归西藏地方政府管辖，面积达9万多平方公里，有五世达赖喇嘛修建的寺庙，是六世达赖喇嘛的出生地，历代中国政府从未承认过非法的“麦克马洪线”。达赖一方面图谋在中国版图上建立历史上从未存在、包括西藏和四省藏区在内的“大藏区”，另一方面却把祖宗之地拱手让给外国，实属数典忘祖，充分暴露了他企图依靠外国势力分裂中国的本质。这样一个人，有什么资格“代表西藏人民”，有什么资格谈“西藏的宗教、文化、语言、人权”？这也从反面说明，中国中央政府要求达赖必须承认西藏自古以来是中国领土不可分割的一部分，是完全正确和必要的。

2009年10月31日达赖在东京记者会上说，“中国政府把我看作一个麻烦制造者，所以我的职责就是去制造更多的麻烦”。达赖以为挑拨、破坏中国与有关国家的关系就可以起到对中央施压的作用，这种行径只会恶化同中央的关系，只会激起全国人民更强烈的反感，最终自己种下的苦果还得他自己尝！

For more than 50 years, the 14th Dalai Lama has lived a life in exile devoted to the scheme of drawing on the support of foreign forces to internationalize the so-called Tibet question and put pressure on the Chinese government in order to ultimately achieve“Tibetan independence.” In recent years, the Dalai Lama has scurried around the world using every conceivable pretext to meet with state leaders. On February 18, 2010, he ignored the stern warning of Chinese government departments and went to the United States to meet with President Obama,purposely damaging China-US relations. In addition,he pompously declared, “I have the responsibility to speak for six million Tibetans.” However, he forgot that history long ago proved that the future of Tibet has always been determined by all the Chinese people including all the ethnic groups living in Tibet, and not by the Dalai Lama together with a handful of foreigners.

The so-called Tibet question is a pseudo-problem

Tibet has been a part of China since ancient times.The so-called Tibet question that the Dalai Lama and some foreign forces try to raise simply doesn’t exist. The so-called Tibet question was concocted by imperialists in order to invade, carve up and stymie China. Great Britain mounted an armed invasion of Tibet twice, in 1888 and 1904. However, both times the people of Tibet with the support of all Chinese people resisted bravely and foiled the attempt of the invaders to sever Tibet from China by military force.After that, foreign forces shifted their tactics and tried to cultivate advocates of “Tibetan independence”within Tibet's ruling circle to represent their interests.The United States directly meddled in Tibet affairs after World War II, interfering with and undermining China’s unity and the cause of the people’s liberation.Unfortunately, the reactionary clique in Tibet’s ruling class colluded with foreign forces fi rst by opposing the peaceful liberation of Tibet with armed force, and later by opposing democratic reforms by reactionary armed rebellion in order to perpetuate the system of feudal serfdom under which church and state were integrated.In 1954, the American CIA recruited operatives inTibet, whom they sent to Guam, the Ryukyu Islands and Colorado for training; after which the CIA secretly returned them to Tibet and supplied them with weapons and explosives smuggled over the border or delivered by airdrop to launch a rebellion to split the country. When the defeated Dalai Lama clique fled Tibet after the rebellion was quelled in March 1959,he was accompanied by a CIA radio operator who maintained secret contact with contacts abroad and arranged for supplies to be airdropped to the Dalai Lama clique.

Since the Dalai Lama fl ed abroad, he has always been totally dependent on foreign forces for support.Declassi fi ed American documents reveal that the US government spent $1.66 million on Tibet projects in 1964, including: support for 2,100 Tibetan guerilla fighters, equipping and training recruits and paying training staff, maintaining the secret training facility in Colorado, maintaining the CIA network in Tibet, and training high-level CIA managers of the Tibet operations. The Dalai Lama was also given an allowance of $180,000 at a time when the US president’s salary was only $100,000. If it weren’t for this lavish support, the “Tibet question” would have vanished like smoke then. In recent years, the foreign fi nancial supporters of the Dalai Lama clique have become more discreet but they haven’t lessened their level of support. Even when faced with the severe repercussions of the financial crisis, the US government gave the Dalai Lama clique $16.8 million in 2009, an increase of 25% over the previous year. In addition, all kinds of NGOs and foundations provide a steady flow of funds to the Dalai Lama clique in various ways such as paying the Dalai Lama large sums for speaking engagements.

Beautifying and elevating the Dalai Lama is another stratagem some foreign forces use to promote the “Tibet question.” The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Dalai Lama in 1989 at the time the international situation was changing dramatically,and an endless stream of honors has been bestowed on him ever since. This “halo” provides a pretext for some political fi gures to be seen with the Dalai Lama.The parliaments of some countries are among his most avid supporters, and some of their members ignore the most basic principles of international relations and their own government’s position in openly advocating“Tibet independence.”

In the past when China was extremely weak and poor, imperialists abroad and separatist forces in Tibet could not split Tibet off from China. Today when socialist China is growing stronger by the day,any “Tibet independence” plot is nothing more than a farce. Quite the reverse, such plots in fl ame the fervor of the Chinese people to safeguard the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and natural honor.

The Dalai Lama clique is devoid of any legitimacy whatever

Being a chess piece in the anti-Chinese strategy of some foreign forces gives a cloak of legitimacy that the Dalai Lama throws over himself and his clique.In 2008, the Dalai Lama clique disseminated the socalled “proposal to make Tibet autonomous in the full sense of the word for the benefit of all Tibetan people” and again declared, “The Tibetan Government in Exile stands for the interests of the Tibetan people and is their representative.” After this proposal was completely rejected by the relevant bodies of the Chinese government, the Dalai Lama clique concocted a “clarification,” declaring “His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the legitimate representative of the Tibetan people, and this can never be called into doubt.” In fact, there is no distinction between the Dalai Lama and the so-called Tibetan Government in Exile. The full English name of this government is the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the DalaiLama. In fact, this government in exile and its head the Dalai Lama do not have a shred of legitimacy. It is only a small political clique that strives to split the motherland and subsidizes its existence by means of support from foreign forces.

In 1951, the central government and the former local government in Tibet signed the Seventeen-Article Agreement on a procedure for the peaceful liberation of Tibet. The Dalai Lama personally sent a telegram to the central government stating, “The Tibetan government and the monks and laymen of the Tibetan ethnic group all give their support, and under the leadership of Mao Zedong and the Central People’s Government will actively assist the People’s Liberation Army to enter Tibet and consolidate national defense, expel imperialist forces from Tibet,and safeguard the motherland’s sovereignty and unity.” Because he signed the Seventeen-Article Agreement, the Dalai Lama was the fi rst underwriter of the legitimacy of the Tibetan local government.

On March 10, 1959, armed rebellion flagrantly broke out in the ruling group of the former Tibetan local government, and the so-called Independent Tibet People’s Congress declared “Tibet’s independence.”The Dalai Lama fled, but he paused long enough in Lhtinze, Shannan, Tibet to declare that he was head of the “Provisional Tibetan Government,” after which he engaged in a series of “Tibetan independence”activities abroad. On March 28, Premier Zhou Enlai issued a State Council order stating, “A majority of of fi cials in the Tibetan local government and a highlevel reactionary group … tore up the Seventeen Article Agreement concerning the peaceful liberation of Tibet … this kind of action that betrays the country and subverts unity is not tolerated by state law”; and “It is hereby decided that the Tibetan local government be disbanded, and the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region shall exercise the functions of the Tibet local government.” Therefore, the former Tibetan local government was long ago disbanded by the central government in accordance with the law, and the so-called Tibetan Government in Exile by rebels who fl ed abroad is directly contrary to the interests of the Tibetan people and completely violates state law.In October 1963, the so-called Tibetan Government in Exile promulgated a “Tibetan Constitution” in India in which it was stated that Tibet is an independent country and the “functions of the government of Tibet are performed by the Dalai Lama.” “The future system of government and the main gist of the constitution of Tibet” the Dalai Lama wrote asserts that “The claim that Tibet belongs to China is false” and demanded that China withdraw from Tibet. All this proves that this form of illegal “government” and “legislation”is completely divorced from and at odds with the Chinese constitution and other laws. On December 17,1964, a plenary session of the State Council passed the Resolution to Remove the Dalai Lama from His Post. The resolution stated, “The Dalai Lama betrayed the country by launching an anti-revolutionary armed rebellion and fl eeing the country in 1959, after which he organized a government in exile and promulgated a sham constitution. All this proves that he long ago severed his relations to the motherland and its people.”

Therefore, if we look at the situation from the perspective of the interests of the people from the legal standpoint, only the Chinese central government and the people’s government of the Tibet Autonomous Region under its leadership can be said to represent Tibet and its people. The Dalai Lama and his “government in exile” have no legal standing whatever and have absolutely no qualifications to represent Tibet and its people. There is no country on earth that recognizes this “government in exile.”Any foreign political fi gures who meet with the Dalai Lama under any pretext are thereby supporting this political organization whose purpose is to split China.The recent meeting the president of the United Stateshad with the Dalai Lama is a serious violation of the basic principles of international relations, violates the principles set forth in the three China-US Joint Communiqués, violates the acknowledgement the US government made on numerous occasions that Tibet is a part of China and its promise not to support “Tibet independence,” and completely violates the spirit of President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, in which he abolished slavery.

The Dalai Lama considers himself to be a “son of India”

While a number of foreign forces assert they support the Dalai Lama in order to “preserve the unique character of Tibetan religion, culture and language,” it is an open question which the Dalai Lama is actually Tibetan.

On March 31, 2009, the Dalai Lama told reporters in New Delhi, “I consider myself to be a son of India.”At an international conference on November 22 of the same year he repeated this assertion, saying, “I have lived in India for the past 50 years, and that makes me a son of India.” At the opening ceremony of an international conference on Buddhism in Gujarat on January 16, 2010, he stated this position even more directly: “I am a son of India. For the past 50 years, I have depended on India for my sustenance, and India’s autonomy has afforded me great opportunities. For these reasons, I consider myself a son of India, which makes me extremely proud. However, my parents are both pure Tibetan, so I am Tibetan in appearance. But in my heart, I am an Indian. I am fully prepared to serve India in any way I can.”

If anyone thinks these statements of the Dalai Lama’s are just impulsive expressions of feelings, they are wrong. On January 23, 2007, the Dalai Lama told Indian reporters, “In 1914 the Tibetan government and the British colonial government in India acknowledged the McMahon Line. According to the treaty signed at that time, Arunachal is a part of India.” The situation of the McMahon Territory really is complex. Even though it belonged to different countries at different times, since 1914, it has belonged to India.” The principal fi gures in the so-called government in exile all expressed the same view. The places the Dalai Lama refers to, Arunachal and the McMahon Territory,historically were under the jurisdiction of the Tibetan local government. They cover an area of more than 90,000 square kilometers, contain temples built by the 5th Dalai Lama, and are the birthplace of the 6th Dalai Lama. The Chinese government has never recognized the illegal McMahon Line. The Dalai Lama is attempting on the one hand to create a Greater Tibet that never existed comprised of Tibet and parts of four other provinces where the Tibetan ethnic group is in a majority, and on the other hand to hand his ancestral land to a foreign country on a silver platter. This distortion of his motherland’s history clearly reveals that his basic intent is to rely on foreign forces to split China. What right does this kind of person have to“represent the Tibetan people”? What qualifications does he have to talk about religion, culture, language and human rights in Tibet? Conversely, this shows that Chinese central government’s insistence that the Dalai Lama must acknowledge that Tibet has been an inseparable part of Chinese territory since antiquity is completely correct and necessary.

At a press conference in Tokyo on October 31,2009, the Dalai Lama said, “The Chinese government views me as a troublemaker, so my job is to create more trouble.” The Dalai Lama thinks that sowing discord and undermining relations between China and other countries can pressure our central government to deal with him, but all it does will worsen his relations with us and arouse the loathing of all Chinese people for him, so that in the end he will have to swallow the bitter pill of his own making.

THE DALAI LAMA’S ATTEMPT TO EXPAND HIS INFLUENCE THROUGH FOREIGN CONNECTIONS WILL CERTAINLY FAIL

■ Yi Duo