摩 擦

句子：中国官员建议应妥善解决两国经贸关系中的分歧和摩擦。

误译：A Chinese official suggests that the differences and rubbings between the two countries in economy and trade should be resolved appropriately.

正译：A Chinese official suggests that the differences and frictions between the two countries in economy and trade should be resolved appropriately.

解释：rubbing 表示物体之间的摩擦，不表示人与人或国与国之间的冲突。而friction 既可以表示物体之间，也可以表示人与人或国与国之间的冲突。

“摩擦”的第一个意思是“物体和物体紧密接触，来回移动”。英语可以译为 to rub。例如：

1. 他在不停地摩擦双手而生热。He was constantly rubbing his hands, which generated heat.

“摩擦”的第二个意思是“两个相互接触的物体，当进行相对运动或有相对运动趋势时，在接触面上产生的阻碍运动的作用”。英语可以译为friction。例如：

2. 我们走路和跑步时都依靠摩擦。We depend on friction when we walk or run.

“摩擦力”，可以译为frictional force, force of friction或 friction。例如：

3. 因摩擦而产生的力称为摩擦力。The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.

“摩擦”的第三个意思是“个人、党派、团体或国家间因彼此矛盾而引起的冲突”。“轻微摩擦”英语可以译为brush；“严重摩擦” 可以译为clash或friction。例如：

4. 昨天，他与邻居发生摩擦。Yesterday, he had a brush with his neighbour.

5. 中国已尽力用各种可能的方法避免与邻国发生边界摩擦。China has tried every possible way to avoid border clashes with her neighbouring countries.

6. 这两个国家正试图通过谈判解决他们之间的冲突和摩擦。The two countries are trying to resolve the conflicts and frictions between them through negotiations. ▲

（本栏目供稿：王逢鑫教授）

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