设计好英语语法练习题

王金莲

〔关键词〕 语法练习题;设计;重点;异同;语境

〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 C

〔文章编号〕 1004—0463(2009)10(A)—0063—01

突出重点

SEFC教材Unit1(Book 1)中的练习主要是把直接引语变为间接引语或把间接引语变为直接引语。笔者发现,许多学生在学完这一语法项目后,不能准确地把直接引语变为间接引语或把间接引语变为直接引语,尤其在人称变化、时态变化等方面存在着问题。根据这一现象,笔者以改错或单选形式重新设计语法练习题,突出了直接引语和间接引语的重点:连接代(副)词、语序、主句和从句时态一致等。例如:

(1)The woman told us that she doesnt like Americanmovies very much.

(2)Sarahs friend asked Sarahthat she was going to mail the gifts to her parents.

(3)I asked him how often did he go to visit his hometown.

以上三个例句突出反映了直接引语变间接引语时存在的问题。例(1)主句用过去式,从句也要用相应的过去式,所以“doesnt”应改为didnt。例(2)主句为asked ,所以从句应为疑问句,连接词“that”应改为if或whether。例(3)连接词“how often”后应为陈述语序,所以应改为:I asked him how often he went to visit his home town.

另外,还可以把直接引语和间接引语练习改为单项选择形式,让学生直接接触高考题型,更好地掌握这一语法项目。例如:

Peter asked Jim_______________

A. What difference it made.

B. What difference does it make.

C. What difference it makes.

D. What difference did make.

答案为A项。

这样的语法练习题突出了直接引语变间接引语的重点:选择正确的连接词;从句用陈述句语序;主句和从句的时态一致。

区别异同

SEFC高一教材Book1中的Unit 4和Unit 5主要学习定语从句。定语从句的关键是理清关系代词和关系副词在从句中所作的成分及各自的用法;弄清that和which的区别及限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别。但笔者认为书中定语从句的语法练习题,在区别关系代词及关系副词异同方面涉及较少,如果把定语从句语法练习题设计成侧重对比that,which,when,where异同的改错或单选练习题,能更好地帮助学生掌握定语从句。例如:

(1)I will never forget the days______________Istayed in your beautiful country.

(2)September 18,1931 is the day______________well never forget.

A. when B. in which

C. that D. for which

在例(1)中,先行词the days 在定语从句中作时间状语,故选A项;在例(2)中,先行词the day 在定语从句中作forget的宾语,故选C项。

创设语境

SEFC教材Book1中的Unit 7、Unit 8和Unit 9的语法以被动语态为主,但笔者认为书中的被动语态练习题主要以被动语态的基本结构和用法的操练为主,缺乏具体的语境和情景。所以在进行这一部分的练习时,教师应从学生的实际出发,提供一些通过具体语境来完成的练习,改变学生死记硬背语法规则的习惯。如可以让学生做一些有具体语境的被动语态练习题:

(1)I have to go to work by taxi because my car______________at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired

C. is being repairedD. has been repaired

(2)Visitors______________nottotouch the exhibits.

A. will request B. request

C. are requesting D. are requested

句(1)的答案为C项,句(2)的答案为D项。

书中一些语法练习题的重新设计要求教师要充分挖掘教材,改进教材,灵活设计教材内容,尽量为学生提供多样化的练习题,从而提高语法教学的效率。