虚 拟
2009-07-17
句 子:虚拟货币不能兑换成像美元或人民币之类的现实货币。
误译:Subjunctive money cannot be exchanged into real money like US dollars or Renminbi.
正 译:Virtual money cannot be exchanged into real money like US dollars or Renminbi.
解 释:有的学生学了虚拟语气( the subjunctive mood),就错误地以为凡是“虚拟”,就一定译成subjunctive。其实,subjunctive是动词表达愿望、可能性或不确定性时的形式或语气,一般仅用在英语语法中。
“虚拟”的第一个意思是“虚构的或凭想像编造的”,英语可以译为 invented, fabricated。例如:
1. 这部小说里有些情节是虚拟的。In this novel, some plots are invented.
2. 这是作家创造的一个虚拟人物。This is a fictitious figure created by the writer.
“虚拟”的第二个意思是“假设的或不符合事实的”,英语可以译为hypothetical, subjunctive。例如:3. 在虚拟条件下,这个计划是可行的。Under hypothetical conditions, the plan is feasible.
4. 这个学生发现英语的虚拟语气很难学。The student found it difficult to learn the subjunctive mood of English.
“虚拟”的第三个意思是“模拟”,是个动词,英语可以译为 to imitate。例如:
5. 戏曲表演常以扬鞭虚拟骑马。In the performance of traditional Chinese opera, an actor often imitates riding a horse by swinging the whip.
“虚拟”的第四个意思是“与由高科技实现的仿实物或伪实物相关的”,英语可以译为virtual。例如:
6. 虚拟世界不同于现实生活。The virtual world is different from real life.
7. 人们被禁止使用虚拟货币购买实体商品。People are forbidden to use virtual currency to buy real goods.
8. 顾客可以直接从虚拟商店设计和定做服装。Customers can design and order apparel directly from the virtual shop. ▲
(本栏目供稿:王逢鑫教授)